Of course, the elephant in the room of this chapter is machine learning and its fraternal twin computer vision. It goes without saying that machine learning (particularly the subfields of deep neural networks and convolutional neural networks) is what is keeping a roof over NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang's head these days. (Okay, we admit that was the understatement of the decade...) If you need a reminder as to why GPUs are so applicable and useful in this field, please take another look at Chapter 9, Implementation of a Deep Neural Network. A large number of parallel computations and mathematical operations, as well as the user-friendly mathematical libraries, have made NVIDIA GPUs the hardware backbone of the machine learning industry.