CONTENTS

Preface

About The Author

CHAPTER 1 DATA: THE NEW CORPORATE RESOURCE

Introduction

The History of Data

The Origins of Data

Data Through the Ages

Early Data Problems Spawn Calculating Devices

Swamped with Data

Modern Data Storage Media

Data in Today's Information Systems Environment

Using Data for Competitive Advantage

Problems in Storing and Accessing Data

Data as a Corporate Resource

The Database Environment

Summary

CHAPTER 2 DATA MODELING

Introduction

Binary Relationships

What is a Binary Relationship?

Cardinality

Modality

More About Many-to-Many Relationships

Unary Relationships

One-to-One Unary Relationship

One-to-Many Unary Relationship

Many-to-Many Unary Relationship

Ternary Relationships

Example: The General Hardware Company

Example: Good Reading Book Stores

Example: World Music Association

Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car

Summary

CHAPTER 3 THE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONCEPT

Introduction

Data Before Database Management

Records and Files

Basic Concepts in Storing and Retrieving Data

The Database Concept

Data as a Manageable Resource

Data Integration and Data Redundancy

Multiple Relationships

Data Control Issues

Data Independence

DBMS Approaches

Summary

CHAPTER 4 RELATIONAL DATA RETRIEVAL: SQL

Introduction

Data Retrieval with the SQL SELECT Command

Introduction to the SQL SELECT Command

Basic Functions

Built-In Functions

Grouping Rows

The Join

Subqueries

A Strategy for Writing SQL SELECT Commands

Example: Good Reading Book Stores

Example: World Music Association

Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car

Relational Query Optimizer

Relational DBMS Performance

Relational Query Optimizer Concepts

Summary

CHAPTER 5 THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL: INTRODUCTION

Introduction

The Relational Database Concept

Relational Terminology

Primary and Candidate Keys

Foreign Keys and Binary Relationships

Data Retrieval from a Relational Database

Extracting Data from a Relation

The Relational Select Operator

The Relational Project Operator

Combination of the Relational Select and Project Operators

Extracting Data Across Multiple Relations: Data Integration

Example: Good Reading Book Stores

Example: World Music Association

Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car

Summary

CHAPTER 6 THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL: ADDITIONAL CONCEPTS

Introduction

Relational Structures for Unary and Ternary Relationships

Unary One-to-Many Relationships

Unary Many-to-Many Relationships

Ternary Relationships

Referential Integrity

The Referential Integrity Concept

Three Delete Rules

Summary

CHAPTER 7 LOGICAL DATABASE DESIGN

Introduction

Converting E-R Diagrams into Relational Tables

Introduction

Converting a Simple Entity

Converting Entities in Binary Relationships

Converting Entities in Unary Relationships

Converting Entities in Ternary Relationships

Designing the General Hardware Co. Database

Designing the Good Reading Bookstores Database

Designing the World Music Association Database

Designing the Lucky Rent-A-Car Database

The Data Normalization Process

Introduction to the Data Normalization Technique

Steps in the Data Normalization Process

Example: General Hardware Co.

Example: Good Reading Bookstores

Example: World Music Association

Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car

Testing Tables Converted from E-R Diagrams with Data Normalization

Building the Data Structure with SQL

Manipulating the Data with SQL

Summary

CHAPTER 8 PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN

Introduction

Disk Storage

The Need for Disk Storage

How Disk Storage Works

File Organizations and Access Methods

The Goal: Locating a Record

The Index

Hashed Files

Inputs to Physical Database Design

The Tables Produced by the Logical Database Design Process

Business Environment Requirements

Data Characteristics

Application Characteristics

Operational Requirements: Data Security, Backup, and Recovery

Physical Database Design Techniques

Adding External Features

Reorganizing Stored Data

Splitting a Table into Multiple Tables

Changing Attributes in a Table

Adding Attributes to a Table

Combining Tables

Adding New Tables

Example: Good Reading Book Stores

Example: World Music Association

Example: Lucky Rent-A-Car

Summary

CHAPTER 9 OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Introduction

Terminology

Complex Relationships

Generalization

Inheritance of Attributes

Operations, Inheritance of Operations, and Polymorphism

Aggregation

The General Hardware Co. Class Diagram

The Good Reading Bookstores Class Diagram

The World Music Association Class Diagram

The Lucky Rent-A-Vehicle Class Diagram

Encapsulation

Abstract Data Types

Object/Relational Database

Summary

CHAPTER 10 DATA ADMINISTRATION, DATABASE ADMINISTRATION, AND DATA DICTIONARIES

Introduction

The Advantages of Data and Database Administration

Data as a Shared Corporate Resource

Efficiency in Job Specialization

Operational Management of Data

Managing Externally Acquired Databases

Managing Data in the Decentralized Environment

The Responsibilities of Data Administration

Data Coordination

Data Planning

Data Standards

Liaison to Systems Analysts and Programmers

Training

Arbitration of Disputes and Usage Authorization

Documentation and Publicity

Data's Competitive Advantage

The Responsibilities of Database Administration

DBMS Performance Monitoring

DBMS Troubleshooting

DBMS Usage and Security Monitoring

Data Dictionary Operations

DBMS Data and Software Maintenance

Database Design

Data Dictionaries

Introduction

A Simple Example of Metadata

Passive and Active Data Dictionaries

Relational DBMS Catalogs

Data Repositories

Summary

CHAPTER 11 DATABASE CONTROL ISSUES: SECURITY, BACKUP AND RECOVERY, CONCURRENCY

Introduction

Data Security

The Importance of Data Security

Types of Data Security Breaches

Methods of Breaching Data Security

Types of Data Security Measures

Backup and Recovery

The Importance of Backup and Recovery

Backup Copies and Journals

Forward Recovery

Backward Recovery

Duplicate or “Mirrored” Databases

Disaster Recovery

Concurrency Control

The Importance of Concurrency Control

The Lost Update Problem

Locks and Deadlock

Versioning

Summary

CHAPTER 12 CLIENT/SERVER DATABASE AND DISTRIBUTED DATABASE

Introduction

Client/Server Databases

Distributed Database

The Distributed Database Concept

Concurrency Control in Distributed Databases

Distributed Joins

Partitioning or Fragmentation

Distributed Directory Management

Distributed DBMSs: Advantages and Disadvantages

Summary

CHAPTER 13 THE DATA WAREHOUSE

Introduction

The Data Warehouse Concept

The Data is Subject Oriented

The Data is Integrated

The Data is Non-Volatile

The Data is Time Variant

The Data Must Be High Quality

The Data May Be Aggregated

The Data is Often Denormalized

The Data is Not Necessarily Absolutely Current

Types of Data Warehouses

The Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)

The Data Mart (DM)

Which to Choose: The EDW, the DM, or Both?

Designing a Data Warehouse

Introduction

General Hardware Co. Data Warehouse

Good Reading Bookstores Data Warehouse

Lucky Rent-A-Car Data Warehouse

What About a World Music Association Data Warehouse?

Building a Data Warehouse

Introduction

Data Extraction

Data Cleaning

Data Transformation

Data Loading

Using a Data Warehouse

On-Line Analytic Processing

Data Mining

Administering a Data Warehouse

Challenges in Data Warehousing

Summary

CHAPTER 14 DATABASES AND THE INTERNET

Introduction

Database Connectivity Issues

Expanded Set of Data Types

Database Control Issues

Performance

Availability

Scalability

Security and Privacy

Data Extraction into XML

Summary

INDEX