Index
A
The Abelson Group, 90, 121, 168
ambiguity in communication, 49-50
adapting communication styles, 19-20
Agile Software Development, xvi
Allen, Carlton, 158
anarchy, authority versus, 30
Apollo 13 example (team self-organization), 25-26
assessments, DISC, 22-23, 187-193
authority, anarchy versus, 30
average values, 74-77
B
BalderDISC exercise, 163-168
facilitation of, 165-166
materials needed, 164
post-exercise discussion, 166-167
setup for, 164-165
behaviors. See teams, behaviors
blocking, avoiding in conversations, 60-61
cues in, 50-52
cultural awareness, 53
eye contact, 48-49
reflecting, 54
BPR (Business Process Reengineering), 5
Bridge exercise, 145-149
facilitation of, 147-148
post-exercise discussion, 148-149
setup for, 146
Buckingham, Marcus, 28, 122, 125
business analyst, 87
Business Process Reengineering (BPR), 5
C
communication strategies, 21
communication tendencies, 71
defined, 16-17
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185
Castaway (film), 44
catalysts for change, 108-109
certainty, defined, 34
change
difficulty of, 99-102
resistance to
change coaches for overcoming, 107
email adoption example, 97-99
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and, 103-107
music industry example, 109-110
origins of conventional processes, 111-113
positive and negative role models, 108-109
school calendar example, 110-111
silence example, 102-103
Change exercise, 175-181
facilitation of, 178-179
post-exercise discussion, 179-181
setup for, 176-178
chaos zone (Stacey’s Zone of Complexity model), 37-38
coaches for overcoming change resistance, 107
Cockburn, Alistair, xvi
collaboration
attitudes about, 73-74
Concordance/Discordance Assessment exercise, 169-173
facilitation of, 170-171
materials needed, 169
post-exercise discussion, 171-173
setup for, 170
conflict, role of, 85-88
in conversations, 57-69
feigning ignorance, 63-64
grammar usage, 68-69
improvisational theater practices, 59
latency, 65-67
levels of communication, 58-59
silence, 64-65
Socratic questions, 62-63
group decision making, 79-80
group influence on behavior, 80-83
group survival, 77-78
Groups and Decisions exercise, 183-186
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185-186
setup for, 183-185
individual decision making, 79
Moon Survival exercise, 77-78, 151-162
expert analysis, 158-162
facilitation of, 152-153
materials needed, 132
Moon Survival Scenario worksheet, 155-157
post-exercise discussion, 153-154
setup for, 152
problem solving versus decision making, 78
sundae-making example, 83-84
Vox Populi (mean/median values), 74-77
collaborative interactions, 59
command-and-control management, 123-124
ambiguity in, 49-50
body language, 50-52
collaboration in, 57-69
feigning ignorance, 63-64
grammar usage, 68-69
improvisational theater practices, 59
latency, 65-67
levels of communication, 58-59
silence, 64-65
Socratic questions, 62-63
cultural awareness, 53
DISC behavioral tendencies in, 69-71
empathy in, 46-47
eye contact, 48-49
language choices in, 45-46
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 43-44
Origami exercise, 139-143
facilitation of, 141
post-exercise discussion, 142
setup for, 140-141
reflecting body language, 54
small talk, 54-57
communication framework. See DISC
complexity zone (Stacey’s Zone of Complexity model), 38-40
Concordance/Discordance Assessment exercise, 169-173
facilitation of, 170-171
materials needed, 169
post-exercise discussion, 171-173
setup for, 170
conflict in teams
DISC behavior wheel, 89-92
creating “dream team,” 92-95
organizational culture, 95
handling, 33-40
role of, 85-88
conformant teams
Concordance/Discordance Assessment exercise, 169-173
facilitation of, 170-171
materials needed, 169
post-exercise discussion, 171-173
setup for, 170
discordant teams versus, 80-83
continuous improvement in self-organization, 27-28
conventional processes, origins of, 111-113
conversations, 58. See also communication
critical thinker. See C (critical thinker)
cues in body language, 50-52
cultural awareness, 53
culture. See organizational culture
Curb Your Enthusiasm (television program), 59
D
communication strategies, 21
communication tendencies, 69
defined, 16
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185
decision making
group influence on behavior, 80-83
by groups, 79-80
handling conflict during, 33-40
by individuals, 79
problem solving versus, 78
delay. See latency in collaborative conversation
diametrically opposing forces, role of, 85-88
DISC, 4
attitudes about collaboration, 73-74
BalderDISC exercise, 163-168
facilitation of, 165-166
materials needed, 164
post-exercise discussion, 166-168
setup for, 164-165
communication tendencies, 69-71
complexity zone (Stacey’s Zone of Complexity model), effect on, 39-40
defined, 15-17
in group decision making, 79-80
Groups and Decisions exercise, 183-186
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185-186
setup for, 183-185
history of, 15
importance of, 17-21
communication differences among DISC types, 19-20
communication strategies, 21
language of DISC, usage examples, 20-21
understanding others, 17-18
in individual decision making, 79
team behavior wheel, 89-92
creating “dream team,” 92-95
organizational culture, 95
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185-186
discordant teams
Concordance/Discordance Assessment exercise, 169-173
facilitation of, 170-171
materials needed, 169
post-exercise discussion, 171-173
setup for, 170
conformant teams versus, 80-83
dominator. See D (dominator)
“dream team,” creating, 92-95
E
efficiency experts, 3
email adoption example (resistance to change), 97-99
The Emotions of Normal People (Marston), 15
empathy in communication, 46-47
esteem needs, resistance to change and, 105
exercises. See workshops
eye contact, 48-49
F
facilitated discussions, 58
fear of change. See resistance to change
feigning ignorance in collaborative conversation, 63-64
Felps, William, 108
first-person versus third-person usage, 68-69
The Five Dysfunctions of a Team (Lencioni), 123
folded arms (body language), 51-52
Forming stage (team maturity), 31
G
Galton, Francis, 74-76
Gantt, Henry, 112
Gantt charts, 111-113
gaps in teams, filling, 94-95
gestures. See body language
Gilbreth, Franklin and Lillian, 3
grammar usage in collaborative conversation, 68-69
grass roots resistance to change, 110-111
group decision making, 79-80
group influence on behavior, 80-83
group survival, 77-78
groups. See teams
Groups and Decisions exercise, 183-186
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185-186
setup for, 183-185
groupthink, 37
Gruener, John, 158
H
Hammer, Michael, 5
Hawthorne Works, 4
high agreement, high certainty zone (Stacey’s Zone of Complexity model), 34-35
high agreement, low certainty zone (Stacey’s Zone of Complexity model), 36-37
Hippocrates, 15
history
of DISC, 15
of organizational behavior, 2-6
I
communication strategies, 21
communication tendencies, 70
defined, 16
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185
ignorance, feigning in collaborative conversation, 63-64
improvisational theater practices in collaborative conversation, 59
individual decision making, 79
individualistic motivator, 117, 119
influencer. See I (influencer)
The Invention of Lying (film), 55
L
language choices in communication, 45-46
language of DISC, usage examples, 20-21
Larman, Craig, 15
latency in collaborative conversation, 65-67
leadership in command-and-control environment, 123-124
Lencioni, Patrick M., 123
Lord of the Flies (Golding), 30
love/belonging needs, resistance to change and, 105
low agreement, high certainty zone (Stacey’s Zone of Complexity model), 35-36
low agreement, low certainty zone (Stacey’s Zone of Complexity model), 37-38
M
Marston, William Moulton, 15
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 4, 43-44
resistance to change and, 103-107
esteem needs, 105
love/belonging needs, 105
physiological needs, 106-107
safety needs, 106
self-actualization needs, 104
maturing stages of teams, 30-33
McGregor, Douglas, 4
mean values, 74-77
median values, 74-77
Mercator, Gerardus, 99
Mercator projection maps, 99-100
Microsoft Office 2007, 101
Moon Survival exercise, 77-78, 151-162
expert analysis, 158-162
facilitation of, 152-153
materials needed, 132
Moon Survival Scenario worksheet, 155-157
post-exercise discussion, 153-154
setup for, 152
Moon Survival Scenario worksheet, 155-157
command-and-control management, 123-124
leveraging strengths, 122
strategies for, 119
workplace motivators, 115-118
aesthetic, 117
example of, 119-120
importance of, 118
individualistic/political, 117
motivation wheel, 120-121
social, 117
theoretical, 116
traditional/regulatory, 117
utilitarian/economic, 116
multifunctional teams in self-organization, 28
music industry example (resistance to change), 109-110
N
NASA, Moon Survival exercise, 77-78, 158-162
negative role models in resistance to change, 108-109
Nonaka, Ikujuir, 26
nonverbal communication. See body language
Norming stage (team maturity), 31
Now, Discover Your Strengths (Buckingham), 28, 122, 125
O
“One Vote, One Value” (Galton), 75
oral communication. See communication
organizational behavior, history of, 2-6
organizational culture, 95
organizational transformation, 6
organizations as machines, history of organizational behavior, 4-6
Origami exercise, 139-143
facilitation of, 141
post-exercise discussion, 142
setup for, 140-141
origins of conventional processes, 111-113
Othello (Shakespeare), 50
P
people as emotional beings, history of organizational behavior, 3-4
people as machines, history of organizational behavior, 3
Performing stage (team maturity), 32
physiological needs, resistance to change and, 106-107
plural versus singular usage, 68-69
positive role models as change catalysts, 108-109
power of many, 77-78
problem solving, decision making versus, 78
psychological inventories, 4
Ptolemy, 100-101
Q
questions, avoiding in conversations, 61-62
R
reflecting body language, 54
regulatory motivator, 117, 119
requirements for self-organization, 26-28
change coaches for overcoming, 107
email adoption example, 97-99
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and, 103-107
esteem needs, 105
love/belonging needs, 105
physiological needs, 106-107
safety needs, 106
self-actualization needs, 104
music industry example, 109-110
origins of conventional processes, 111-113
positive and negative role models, 108-109
reasons for difficulty of, 99-102
school calendar example, 110-111
silence example, 102-103
resources for information
Agile Manifesto, 14
“Developmental sequence in small groups” (Tuckman), 33
The Five Dysfunctions of a Team (Lencioni), 123
“Groupthink” (Whyte), 37
Lord of the Flies (Golding), 30
“Market Efficiency and the Bean Jar Experiment” (Treynor), 76
Now, Discover Your Strengths (Buckingham), 28, 122
“One Vote, One Value” (Galton), 75
Strategic Management and Organisational Dynamics (Stacey), 34
The New New Product Development Game (Takeuichi and Nonaka), 26
Types of Men: The Psychology and Ethics of Personality (Spranger), 116
The Wisdom of Crowds (Surowiecki), 76
S
communication strategies, 21
communication tendencies, 70
defined, 16
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185
safety needs, resistance to change and, 106
schedules, team dynamics workshop, 132-137
school calendar example (resistance to change), 110-111
Scientific Management, 2
self-actualization needs, resistance to change and, 104
self-organization
anarchy versus authority, 30
Apollo 13 example, 25-26
conflict, handling, 33-40
maturing stages of teams, 30-33
requirements for, 26-28
strengths, capitalizing on, 26-28
team dynamics, role in, 39-40
Senge, Peter, 5
silence
in collaborative conversation, 64-65
resistance to change example, 102-103
singular versus plural usage, 68-69
small talk, 54-57
sociological needs, resistance to change and, 105
sociology of organizations, history of, 2-6
Socratic questions in collaborative conversation, 62-63
speeches, 58
Stacey, Ralph, 33-34
Stacey’s Zone of Complexity model, 33
complexity zone, 38-40
high agreement, high certainty, 34-35
high agreement, low certainty, 36-37
low agreement, high certainty, 35-36
low agreement, low certainty, 37-38
Storming stage (team maturity), 31
S-T-O-W technique, 179-181
strengths
capitalizing on, 26-28
leveraging in motivation, 122
stress, behavior during, 94
stretch goals, 26-27
Sullivan, Maureen, 50
sundae-making example (collaboration), 83-84
supporter. See S (supporter)
Surowiecki, James, 76-77
sympathy, empathy versus, 46-47
T
Takeuchi, Hirtaka, 26
Taylor, Frederick, 2-3
Bridge exercise, 145-149
facilitation of, 147-148
post-exercise discussion, 148-149
setup for, 146
Groups and Decisions exercise, 183-186
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185-186
setup for, 183-185
role in self-organization, 39-40
workshop, 129-137
preparation for, 129-132
schedule for, 132-137
behaviors
BalderDISC exercise, 163-168
creating “dream team,” 92-95
DISC behavior wheel, 89-92
organizational culture, 95
collaboration
attitudes about, 73-74
conflict, role of, 85-88
group decision making, 79-80
group influence on behavior, 80-83
group survival, 77-78
individual decision making, 79
problem solving versus decision making, 78
sundae-making example, 83-84
Vox Populi (mean/median values), 74-77
communication. See communication
communication framework. See DISC
motivation. See motivation
self-organization
anarchy versus authority, 30
Apollo 13 example, 25-26
conflict, handling, 33-40
maturing stages, 30-33
requirements for, 26-28
strengths, capitalizing on, 28-29
team dynamics, role in, 39-40
theoretical motivator, 116, 119
Theory X managers, 4
Theory Y managers, 4
third-person versus first-person usage, 68-69
traditional motivator, 117, 119
transformation of organizations, 6
Treynor, Jack, 76
Tuckman model (team maturity stages), 30-33
U
understanding others with DISC framework, 17-18
utilitarian motivator, 116, 119
V
“Vox Populi” (Galton), 74
W
Walton, Bill, 92
wheel (team behaviors), 89-92
BalderDISC exercise, 168
wheel (workplace motivation), 120-121
Whose Line Is it Anyway? (television program), 59
The Wisdom of Crowds (Surowiecki), 77
workplace motivators, 115-118
aesthetic, 117
example of, 119-120
importance of, 118
individualistic/political, 117
motivation wheel, 120-121
social, 117
theoretical, 116
traditional/regulatory, 117
utilitarian/economic, 116
BalderDISC exercise, 163-168
facilitation of, 165-166
materials needed, 164
post-exercise discussion, 166-167
setup for, 164-165
Bridge exercise, 145-149
facilitation of, 147-148
post-exercise discussion, 148-149
setup for, 146
Change exercise, 113-114, 175-181
facilitation of, 178-179
post-exercise discussion, 179-181
setup for, 176-178
Concordance/Discordance Assessment exercise, 169-173
facilitation of, 170-171
materials needed, 169
post-exercise discussion, 171-173
setup for, 170
Groups and Decisions exercise, 183-186
DISC-homogeneous behavior, 185-186
setup for, 183-185
materials needed, 125, 131-132
Moon Survival exercise, 77-78, 151-162
expert analysis, 158-162
facilitation of, 152-153
materials needed, 132
Moon Survival Scenario worksheet, 155-157
post-exercise discussion, 153-154
setup for, 152
Origami exercise, 139-143
facilitation of, 141
post-exercise discussion, 142
setup for, 140-141
team dynamics workshop, 129-137
preparation for, 129-132
schedule for, 132-137
Y
“Yes, and...” in collaborative conversation, 60
yin and yang, 85