In this chapter, we have discussed the concept of classes and how we can use them to model entities with their properties and methods. Using classes, we created plenty of dynamic systems, illustrated the rules of natural selection, and explored their behavior. Finally, we discussed how to generate and collect a system's telemetry data and plot timelines in order to understand how systems behave.

In the next chapter, we'll review a few important technologies that are beyond Python, but that are extremely useful for productive programming.