A note on the digital index A link in an index entry is displayed as the section title in which that entry appears. Because some sections have multiple index markers, it is not unusual for an entry to have several links to the same section. Clicking on any link will take you directly to the place in the text in which the marker appears.
Symbols ! (shell command history), Command history & (ampersand), running background jobs, && (two ampersands), logical and, stopping
execution of combined commands, Combining commands - (dash), standard input/output, Reading This Book -- (two dashes), end of options, Reading This Book --help option, Getting Help . (period), The Filesystem , Wildcards , Creating and Running Shell Scripts current directory, The Filesystem dot files, Wildcards shell script execution, Creating and Running Shell Scripts .. (two periods), parent directory, The Filesystem .NET, Beyond Shell Scripting / (slash), root directory, The Filesystem ; (semicolon), combine commands using, Combining commands [ (left square bracket), alias for test
command, test and “[” (backward slash), Escaping , Whitespace and Linebreaks escaping special characters, Escaping line continuation, Whitespace and Linebreaks ^C command (killing programs), Killing a Command in Progress ^Z command (suspending jobs), , | (pipe operator), Pipes || (two pipes), logical or, stopping execution of
combined commands, Combining commands ˜ (tilde), denoting home directories, Home Directories A abiword command, absolute path of current directory, printing, acroread viewer, Adobe Photoshop, Advanced Packaging Tool, alias command, Aliases alphabetical order, sorting text in, alpine mail program, Email amarok command, ampersand (&), running background jobs, apt-get command, aptitude command, Installing Software , arguments for commands, What’s a Command? aspell command, at command, atq command, atrm command, attributes of files, , , changing, viewing, audacious command, audacity sound editor, audio, Audio , , , , editing, playback, ripping, , awk command, , awk vs. tr command, B background jobs, running, Shell Job Control backing up Linux files, Backups and Remote Storage backquotes on command line, Quoting , Useful options , vs. xargs, Useful options backward slash (), Escaping , Whitespace and Linebreaks escaping special characters, Escaping line continuation, Whitespace and Linebreaks basename command, bash (Bourne-Again Shell), Linux: A First View , The Shell , Command-line editing , File Location , , , Programming with Shell Scripts command-line editing, Command-line editing printf command, programming with shell scripts, Programming with Shell Scripts type command, File Location , bg command, , jobs command and, bin directory, Directory path part 1: category Booleans in shell scripts, , Booleans and Return Codes /boot directory, Operating System Directories Bourne-Again Shell (see bash), The Shell braces, Brace expansion , , Variables expansion on command line, Brace expansion grep regular expressions, shell variables, Variables break command, Break and Continue browsing the Web, Web Browsing bunzip2 command, burning CDs and DVDs, , bzcat command, Sample commands bzip2 command, Useful options , tar –j command and, Useful options C C and C++ languages, Beyond Shell Scripting cal command, Calc program (soffice), calculator programs, Math and Calculations calendar printing, carriage returns, case statement, Conditionals cat command, , , revealing end-of-line characters, tee command and, CD burning programs, , cd command, The Filesystem , The Filesystem , Home Directories , home directories, locating, Home Directories CD ripping, , cdparanoia command, cdrecord command, , k3b command and, cgi-bin directory, Directory path part 1: category chattr command, checksums, comparing, chfn command, Useful options , with useradd, Useful options chgrp command, File Protections , , Group Management chmod command, File Protections , chown command, File Protections , chsh command, cksum command, File Comparison , clear command, clearing the screen, clock programs, Dates and Times cmp command, File Comparison , Useful options columns of text, extracting from files, combining commands, Combining commands comm command, File Comparison , command-line arguments in shell scripts, Command-Line Arguments command-line editing with bash, Command-line editing commands, What’s a Command? , Combining commands , Command history , Killing a Command in Progress , combining, Combining commands killing, Killing a Command in Progress , previous, Command history comparing files, File Comparison completing filenames with TAB key, Filename completion compress command, Useful options , , Installing Software software installation and, Installing Software tar –Z command and, Useful options compressing/uncompressing files, File Compression and Packaging conditionals in shell scripts, Conditionals configure script, tar.gz and tar.bz2 Files configuring the shell, Tailoring Shell Behavior connecting to networks, Network Connections continue command, Break and Continue controlling processes, Controlling Processes cp command, cpio command, Backups and Remote Storage cron process, crontab command, CUPS printing system, Printing curl command, curly-brace expressions, Brace expansion (see braces) cut command, D date command, , watch command and, dates, displaying/setting, Dates and Times , Useful options dc command, dd command, Backups and Remote Storage deb file, Installing Software Debian packages, Installing Software , default editor, setting, Your Default Editor desktop screen capture, /dev directory, Directory path part 1: category df command, dia command, diff command, File Comparison , diff3 command, File Comparison , dig command, Useful options directories, Linux, The Filesystem , Home Directories , System Directories , Operating System Directories , , , , changing, using cd command, creating, deleting empty directories, home directories, Home Directories operating system directories, Operating System Directories printing absolute path of, system directories, System Directories dirname command, disk usage command (du), disks and filesystems, Disks and Filesystems DISPLAY environment variable, Shell variables dnsdomainname command, Host Information doc directory, Directory path part 1: category domain name service (DNS), Host Location , querying, domainname command, Host Information dot files, Wildcards downloading files, dpkg command, du command, dump command, , , chattr command and, restore command and, DVD burning, DVD playback, DVI files, dvips command, E echo command, Your friend, the echo command , , Input and Output script output provided by, Input and Output ed line editor, sed , diff –e command, EDITOR environment variable, , Your Default Editor setting default editor, Your Default Editor egrep command, else statement, Conditionals emacs text editor, Command-line editing , Command-line editing , File Creation and Editing , Email , Useful options bash command-line editing, Command-line editing creating/editing files, File Creation and Editing email readers, Email lynx –emacskeys command, Useful options email, Directory path part 1: category , Shell variables , Email , Email , Email , , , , , , Beyond Mail Readers directory, Directory path part 1: category , Shell variables emacs as reader, Email file format, Beyond Mail Readers log file, pipelines, queue, readers, Email reading over SSH connection, scripting, environment variables, Home Directories , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , Shell variables , , , Your Default Editor , Your Default Editor , , Useful options , DISPLAY, Shell variables EDITOR, , Your Default Editor HOME, Home Directories , Shell variables LOGNAME, Shell variables MAIL, Shell variables NNTPSERVER, OLDPWD, Shell variables PATH, Shell variables preserving, in new shell, Useful options printing, PWD, Shell variables SHELL, Shell variables TERM, Shell variables USER, Shell variables VISUAL, , Your Default Editor eog (Eye of Gnome) image viewer, Epiphany web browser for GNOME, escaping special characters, Escaping etc directory, Directory path part 1: category Evolution mail program, Excel documents, , , editing with gnumeric, editing with soffice, exclamation point (!) for shell
history, Command history exit command, Terminating a Shell , Logins, Logouts, and Shutdowns , Loops , Exiting with a Return Code exiting with return codes, Exiting with a Return Code terminating loops, Loops terminating shells, Terminating a Shell exit status of Linux commands, Booleans and Return Codes export command, Shell variables expr command, ext3 filesystems, , Disks and Filesystems chattr/lsattr commands, Eye of Gnome (eog) image viewer, F false command, true and false , Loops infinite loops and, Loops fdisk command, Disks and Filesystems fetchmail command, Beyond Mail Readers fg command, , jobs command and, file command, filename completion, Filename completion files, File Protections , File Protections , , , , , , , , , File Viewing , File Creation and Editing , File Creation and Editing , File Properties , , , , , , , , , File Location , , attributes of, File Properties copying, using cp command, counting words, creating, File Creation and Editing , deleting, using rm command, disk space of, editing, File Creation and Editing group ownership, linking, using ln command, listing, using ls command, locating, File Location moving, ownership, File Protections , , , permissions, File Protections , , renaming, using mv command, timestamps, transferring between machines, , viewing, File Viewing filesystem, The Filesystem , Disks and Filesystems find command, , with xargs, finger command, , Firefox web browser, The Graphical Desktop , floppy command, Disks and Filesystems fonts directory, Directory path part 1: category for loops, Loops , Command-Line Arguments command-line arguments and, Command-Line Arguments foreground, bringing jobs into, formatting disks, Disks and Filesystems , Disks and Filesystems free command, , fsck command, , Useful options shutdown command and, Useful options ftp (File Transfer Protocol) program, , insecure, use sftp, G g++ command, Beyond Shell Scripting gcc command, Beyond Shell Scripting geeqie image viewer, ghb command, ghostview command, , DVI files and, GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), GNOME graphical environment, Getting Help , Linux: A First View , , , Epiphany web browser, getting help with, Getting Help xclock command, xscreensaver program, gnome-system-monitor command, , GNU emacs, File Creation and Editing (see emacs text editor) gnumeric command, gnuplot command, Google, Usenet News Groups, Usenet News gqview, (see geeqie image viewer) graphical desktop, The Graphical Desktop graphics, viewing/editing, Graphics and Screensavers , graphing data, grep command, , , egrep command and, ps command and, grip command, group ownership of files, groups, Group Management , , , groupadd command, groupdel command, groupmod command, groups command, Useful options , id –Gn command and, Useful options gunzip command, gv command, , DVI files and, gxine command, gzip command, Useful options , , Installing Software software installation and, Installing Software tar –z command and, Useful options H HandBrake, HandBrakeCLI command, hard links, hardware platform, Useful options head command, help and tutorials, Getting Help --help option, Reading This Book hexadecimal dump of binary files, history command, Command history home directories, Home Directories HOME environment variable, Home Directories , Shell variables host command, host information, Host Information , Host Location hostname command, Useful options , html directory, Directory path part 1: category I ICMP packets, id command, ID3 tags, , id3tag command, if statement, Conditionals ifconfig command, images, viewing/editing, Graphics and Screensavers , Impress program (soffice), include directory, Directory path part 1: category index of file locations, creating, info command, Getting Help init.d directory, Directory path part 1: category input in shell scripts, Input and Output input/output redirection, Input/output redirection installing software, Installing Software instant messaging on Linux, Instant Messaging Internet domains, looking up registration of, ip command, ISO files, , K k3b command, , kaffeine video player, KAudioCreator, KDE graphical environment, Getting Help , Linux: A First View , Running a Shell , , , getting help with, Getting Help Konqueror web browser, running shells within, Running a Shell xclock command, xscreensaver program, Kerberos, kernel, Linux: A First View , Linux: A First View , , Useful options , Useful options name, Useful options version, , Useful options kill command, Killing a Command in Progress , kino command, kmail command, Email konsole command, Running a Shell ksnapshot command, L lame command, last command, less command, , cat command and, lib directory, Directory path part 1: category libexec directory, Directory path part 1: category LibreOffice, line continuation character, Whitespace and Linebreaks linebreaks, , , Whitespace and Linebreaks grep, in shell scripts, Whitespace and Linebreaks Windows and Macintosh, links, , hard vs. symbolic, Linux, components of, Linux: A First View linuxforums.org, Getting Help linuxhelp.net, Getting Help linuxquestions.org, Getting Help ln command, load average, , , locate command, , locating files, lock directory, Directory path part 1: category log directory, Directory path part 1: category logging into remote machines, , logname command, , whoami and, LOGNAME environment variable, Shell variables logout command, Logins, Logouts, and Shutdowns look command, loops in shell scripts, Loops /lost+found
directory, Operating System Directories lpq command, lpr command, Printing lprm command, LPRng printing system, Printing ls command, Reading This Book , File Protections , , File Properties displaying file attributes, File Properties file protections and, File Protections lsattr command, lynx web browser, M m4 macro-processing language, m4 magnetic tape command (mt), mail, Email (see email) mail command, mail directory, Directory path part 1: category , Shell variables MAIL environment variable, Shell variables mailq command, make command, tar.gz and tar.bz2 Files man command, Getting Help , Directory path part 1: category man directory, Directory path part 1: category masks and protection modes, math commands, Math and Calculations md5sum command, File Comparison , , /media
directory, Directory path part 1: category memory usage, displaying, mesg command, Useful options , Microsoft Excel documents, , , editing with gnumeric, editing with soffice, Microsoft Visio, Microsoft Word documents, , , editing with abiword, editing with soffice, MIDI, Audio misc directory, Directory path part 1: category mkdir command, mkfs command, Disks and Filesystems mkisofs command, , mlocate command, /mnt directory, Directory path part 1: category mono command, Beyond Shell Scripting mount command, movie playback, Mozilla, , Firefox, Thunderbird, MP3 files, , , create from WAV, ID3 tags, playback, mplayer command, mt command, mv command, N nameserver, (see domain name service) .NET, Beyond Shell Scripting network connections, establishing, Network Connections network interface, displaying information
about, , news, Usenet, Usenet News nice command, nisdomainname command, Host Information nl command, , cat command and, NNTPSERVER environment variable, nslookup command, Useful options ntfs filesystems, Disks and Filesystems ntp daemon, ntpdate command, O oclock command, octal dump (od) command, od (octal dump) command, OLDPWD environment variable, Shell variables oobase command, oocalc command, oodraw command, ooimpress command, oomath command, oowriter command, OpenOffice.org package, Opera web browser, operating system directories, Operating System Directories operating system name, Useful options options for commands, What’s a Command? output in shell scripts, Input and Output ownership of files, File Protections , P package managers, Installing Software PackageKit, parted command, Disks and Filesystems partitioning disks, Disks and Filesystems , Disks and Filesystems passwd command, paste command, patch command, context diff, PATH environment variable, Shell variables Perl language, Beyond Shell Scripting permissions, file, File Protections , , photos, viewing/editing, Graphics and Screensavers , Photoshop, PHP language, Beyond Shell Scripting pidgin command, pidof command, ping command, Pinta, pipe (|) operator, Pipes plotting data, postfix mail server, Beyond Mail Readers print screen, printenv command, , at command and, printf command, , Input and Output script output provided by, Input and Output -printf option (find
command), Useful options printing, Printing /proc
directory, Directory path part 1: category , Operating System Directories processes, Viewing Processes , Viewing Processes , Controlling Processes , Controlling Processes controlling, Controlling Processes shell jobs vs., Viewing Processes viewing, Viewing Processes processor type, Useful options procmail command, Beyond Mail Readers ps command, , public_html directory, Directory path part 1: category pwd command, The Filesystem , PWD environment variable, Shell variables Python language, Beyond Shell Scripting R rc.d directory, Directory path part 1: category rcsdiff command, read command, Input and Output readlink command, Useful options redirecting input/output, Input/output redirection regular expressions, , Useful options , Search options for locate , , , , awk awk command, awk egrep command, find –regex command, Useful options grep command, , less command and, locate –r command, Search options for locate remote machines, , , , , , , , file transfers, , hostname lookup, logging in with ssh, logging in with telnet, sending ICMP packets to, traceroute command, renice command, reset command, Killing a Command in Progress restore command, , , , mt command and, resuming jobs with fg command, return codes of Linux commands, Booleans and Return Codes , Exiting with a Return Code rhythmbox command, ripping CD tracks, , rm command, RMAIL program, Email rmdir command, root directory (/), The Filesystem /root home
directory for superuser, Home Directories root user, Users and Superusers , Becoming the Superuser rpm command, Installing Software , RPM Package Manager files, Installing Software , , rsync command, Ruby language, Beyond Shell Scripting run directory, Directory path part 1: category S sbin directory, Directory path part 1: category scheduling jobs, , scp command, screen capture, screensavers, , , viewing/editing, xscreensaver program, screenshots, sdiff command, File Comparison , secure copy (scp) command, secure shell (ssh) program, sed command, , sed vs. tr command, semicolon (;), combine commands using, Combining commands sendmail mail server, Beyond Mail Readers seq command, setting the date and time, Useful options , by timeserver, sfdisk command, Disks and Filesystems sftp command, share directory, Directory path part 1: category SHELL environment variable, Shell variables shell prompts, What’s a Command? , Shell prompts for superuser commands, Shell prompts shell scripts, Programming with Shell Scripts , Programming with Shell Scripts , Conditionals , Loops , Break and Continue , Creating and Running Shell Scripts , Creating and Running Shell Scripts , Command-Line Arguments , Exiting with a Return Code break and continue in, Break and Continue command-line arguments in, Command-Line Arguments conditionals in, Conditionals creating, Creating and Running Shell Scripts exiting with return codes, Exiting with a Return Code loops in, Loops programming with, Programming with Shell Scripts running, Creating and Running Shell Scripts shell windows, opening, Running a Shell shells, Linux: A First View , Running a Shell , The Shell , The Shell Versus Programs , Command history , Shell Job Control , , Terminating a Shell , (see also bash) changing login shell program, history-related commands, Command history job control, Shell Job Control running, Running a Shell suspending, terminating, Terminating a Shell vs. programs, The Shell Versus Programs shutdown command, Logins, Logouts, and Shutdowns , slash (/), The Filesystem , The Filesystem directory separator, The Filesystem root directory, The Filesystem sleep command, slocate command, slrn newsreader, soffice command, soft links, software installation, Installing Software sort command, sound, Audio (see audio) Sound Juicer, source command, Creating and Running Shell Scripts spamassassin, Beyond Mail Readers special characters, escaping, Escaping spell command, spelling checkers, Spell Checking spool directory, Directory path part 1: category src directory, Directory path part 1: category ssh (secure shell) program, stackexchange.com, Getting Help standard output, printing messages on, Screen Output stat command, su command, Users and Superusers , , Becoming the Superuser , Installing Software becoming superuser, Becoming the Superuser software installation and, Installing Software whoami command and, subdirectories, Linux, The Filesystem sudo command, Users and Superusers , Useful options , Installing Software sum command, File Comparison , superusers, Users and Superusers , Becoming the Superuser becoming, Becoming the Superuser suspend command, symbolic links, , Useful options target file of, Useful options symlink, synaptic package manager, sync command, , system directories, System Directories system load, , , displaying graphically, , T TAB key, completing filenames with, Filename completion tail command, talk command, tape drives, copying files to, , tar command, , , , Installing Software mt command and, software installation and, Installing Software tar files, gzipped tar files: sample commands , bzipped tar files: sample commands , Compressed tar files: sample commands , Installing Software , tar.gz and tar.bz2 Files bzipped, bzipped tar files: sample commands compressed, Compressed tar files: sample commands gzipped, gzipped tar files: sample commands tee command, telnet command, TERM environment variable, Shell variables Terminal program, Running a Shell terminating shells, Terminating a Shell test command, test and “[” text manipulation commands, File Text Manipulation Thunderbird mail program, The Graphical Desktop , tilde (˜), denoting home directories, Home Directories time, displaying/setting, Dates and Times timestamps, tmp directory, Directory path part 1: category top command, touch command, Creating a File Quickly , creating empty files, Creating a File Quickly tr command, traceroute command, translating characters, using tr command, true command, true and false , Loops infinite loops and, Loops tty command, tutorials, Getting Help , , , , emacs, Linux help, Getting Help mutt mailer, vim editor, type command, File Location , , locating files, types of files, reporting, U umask command, umount command, uname command, Operating System Directories , uncompress command, uniq command, until loops, Loops , Loops infinite loops and, Loops unzip command, up2date command, Installing Software update-manager, updatedb command, uptime command, Operating System Directories , , Usenet news, Usenet News USER environment variable, Shell variables useradd command, userdel command, usermod command, users, Users and Superusers , , , , , , User Account Management , , , , , creating new accounts, deleting existing users, finger command and, listing logged-in users, modifying accounts, password changes, printenv command and, printing login names, printing user IDs, superusers and, Users and Superusers updating information, users command, /usr/share/doc
directory, Getting Help uxterm command, Running a Shell V /var directory, Directory path part 1: category variables, Shell variables , Shell variables , Variables defining, Shell variables in shell scripts, Variables vi, File Creation and Editing (see vim text editor) video, Video , , , , editing, playback, , ripping, viewing, File Viewing , File Viewing , Viewing Processes files, File Viewing , File Viewing processes, Viewing Processes vim text editor, Command-line editing , , File Creation and Editing , , sed , Useful options bash command-line editing, Command-line editing less command, lynx –vikeys command, Useful options sed and, sed Visio, VISUAL environment variable, , Your Default Editor setting default editor, Your Default Editor vlc video player, W w command, watch command, wc command, What’s a Command? , web browsing, Web Browsing , , , automation, retrieving pages via command line, text-based, wget command, Useful options whereis command, File Location , , locating files, which command, , locating files, while loops, Loops , Loops infinite loops and, Loops whitespace, Quoting , , Whitespace and Linebreaks , Whitespace and Linebreaks linebreaks, programming with shell scripts, Whitespace and Linebreaks quoting on command line, Quoting who command, , tee command and, whoami command, , logname and, whois command, wildcard characters and the shell, Wildcards , Wildcards (see also regular expressions) windows (shell), opening, Running a Shell Word documents, , , editing with abiword, editing with soffice, write command, Writer program (soffice), www directory, Directory path part 1: category X X11 directory, Directory path part 1: category , Directory path part 2: scope xargs command, Useful options , , , Useful options vs. backquotes, Useful options with find command, xcalc command, xclock command, xdvi command, xine video player, xload command, xpdf viewer, xscreensaver command, xscreensaver-demo command, xterm command, Running a Shell xv command, alternative to GIMP, xxd command, xxdiff command, File Comparison
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