Index

A note on the digital index

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Symbols

2, Find movies with a particular word in the title

A

ad serving, Design 1: Basic Ad Serving–Sharding Concerns
algorithm for, Design 1: Basic Ad Serving
ad zones, Online Advertising Networks
$addToSet operator, Create and edit content nodes
adding and removing friends, Maintaining the Social Graph
ad_iterator generator, Operation: Choose an Ad to Serve, Operation: Choose a Group of Ads to Serve
aggregation framework, Counting requests by day and page
aggregation pipeline, Counting requests by day and page
ALTER TABLE statement, Polymorphic Schemas Enable Schema Evolution
append_post function, Creating a New Post
armor attribute, Character Schema, Extract Armor and Weapon Data for Display
array of properties approach, Polymorphic Schemas Support Semi-Structured Domain Data
arrays, To Embed or Reference, MongoDB Document Format
artifacts in online games, Solution Overview
asset management (see content storage in CMS)
atomic multistatement transactions, The Relational Approach to Consistency
autoincrement primary key, Schema Design
automatic sharding, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation, Sharding Concerns

B

B-tree structure, Rules of index design
base64-encoding, Independent Collections
batch inserts, Bulk inserts
bidirectional connections, Independent Collections
BLOB data, What Is a Normal Form, Anyway?, Avoid modeling product data altogether
blobs of binary data, GridFS
blogs and blog posts, Solution Overview, Generate a feed of recently published blog articles
breadcrumb navigation, Read and display a category
BSON document format, To Embed or Reference, MongoDB Document Format, Storage (In-)Efficiency of BSON, Schema Design
bson.ObjectId(), Sharding Concerns
bulk inserts, Bulk inserts
buy() function, Buy an Item

C

capped collections, Capped collections
carted attribute, Modifying the quantity in the cart
category hierarchy (see product categories)
character data in online gaming, Solution Overview, Character Schema, Load Character Data from MongoDB, Extract Character Attributes, Inventory, and Room Information for Display
choose_ad() call, Design 3: Keyword Targeting
chunks, Limitations
chunk_size, Upload a photo
circles property, Independent Collections, Viewing a News Feed or Wall Posts
cleanup operations, Optimistic Update with Compensation, Error handling
CMS (content management systems)
comment storage, Storing Comments–Sharding Concerns
content storage, Metadata and Asset Management–Sharding Concerns
collections
capped, Capped collections
dependent, Dependent Collections
for GridFS data, GridFS
in MongoDB, Referencing for Flexibility
independent, Independent Collections
multiple, Multiple collections, single database
TTL, TTL collections
uncapped, Solution Overview
vs. indexes, Rules of index design
collstats command, Aside: managing index size
comment storage in CMS
hybrid schema design, Approach: Hybrid Schema Design
operations for, Approach: One Document per Comment–Operation: Retrieve a comment via direct links
sharding for, Sharding Concerns
solution overview, Solution Overview
comments
embedding, Approach: Embedding All Comments
non-threaded, Operation: View paginated comments
on social networking sites, Commenting on a Post
one per page, Approach: One Document per Comment
posting new, Operation: Post a new comment, Operation: Post a new comment, Operation: Post a new comment
retrieving via direct links, Operation: Retrieve comments via direct links, Operation: Retrieve a comment via direct links, Operation: Retrieve a comment via direct links
threaded, Operation: View paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments
viewing paginated, Operation: View paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments
comments collection, Approach: One Document per Comment
complex updates, Using Complex Updates
compound documents, Compound Documents
compound shard keys, Option 4: Shard by combining a natural and synthetic key, Sharding Concerns
content storage in CMS
operations for, Operations–Generate a feed of recently published blog articles
schema design, Schema Design
sharding for, Sharding Concerns
solution overview, Solution Overview
continue_on_error, Bulk inserts
cookies, Design 2: Adding Frequency Capping
CPC (cost per click) ads, Schema Design
CPM (cost per mille) ads, Schema Design
creating content nodes, Create and edit content nodes
cutoff variable, Creating hourly views from event collections

D

daily aggregation, Separate documents by granularity level
daily statistics, Deriving day-level data
data chunks, Limitations
data fragmentation, Multiple collections, single database
defaultdict, Change the ancestry of a category
delete method, Upload a photo
denormalizing data, Denormalizing for Performance
dependent collections, Dependent Collections
design patterns (see operational architecture)
detail field, Schema Design
directed social graphs, Solution Overview, Maintaining the Social Graph
distributed joins, So What’s the Problem?, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
distributed transactions, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
documents
compound, Compound Documents
hierarchical, One document per page per day, hierarchical documents
higher-level aggregate, Separate documents by granularity level
in MongoDB, To Embed or Reference
pre-allocating, One document per page per day, flat documents
Drupal, Metadata and Asset Management

E

ecommerce
inventory management, Inventory Management–Sharding Concerns
product catalogs, Product Catalog–Conclusion: Index all the things!
product categories, Category Hierarchy–Sharding Concerns
eCPM (effective cost per mille) values, Schema Design, Operation: Choose an Ad to Serve
editing content nodes, Create and edit content nodes
embedded schema, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
embedding comments, Approach: Embedding All Comments
embedding data, Embedding for Locality
emit function, MapReduce
EVA (entity-attribute-value) schema, Entity attribute values
event data storage
managing growth of, Managing Event Data Growth
managing index size, Aside: managing index size
operations for, Operations–Counting requests by day and page
schema design, Schema Design
sharding for, Sharding Concerns–Test with your own data
solution overview, Solution Overview
event logging, Log an event
event object, Inserting a log record
expire_carts function, Returning inventory from timed-out carts
explain(), Finding all events for a particular host/date, Rules of index design
extractions, Operations, Extract Character Attributes, Inventory, and Room Information for Display

F

find(), Counting requests by day and page, Find movies with a particular word in the title, Error handling, Viewing a News Feed or Wall Posts
finding events by data type, Finding all events for a particular page–Finding all events for a particular host/date
find_and_modify command, Schema Design
find_one operation, Retrieving data for a real-time chart, Locate and render a node
first normal form (1NF), What Is a Normal Form, Anyway?
frequency capping, Design 2: Adding Frequency Capping–Sharding
full_slug field, Operation: View paginated comments

G

galleries, Schema Design
get_posts function, Viewing a News Feed or Wall Posts
get_version, Locate and render a node
GridFS, GridFS, Upload a photo
$group operator, Counting requests by day and page
group commits, Inserting a log record
$gte conditional, Finding all the events for a particular date

H

hashes, Limitations
helper function, Add a category to the hierarchy, Extract Armor and Weapon Data for Display
hierarchical aggregated reports
operations for, Operations–Refactor map functions
schema design, Schema Design
sharding, Sharding Concerns
solution overview, Solution Overview
hierarchical classification (see product categories)
hierarchical documents, One document per page per day, hierarchical documents
hint(), Rules of index design
historical charts, Get data for a historical chart
hourly field, One document per page per day, flat documents
hourly statistics, Creating hourly views from event collections
h_aggregate function, Refactor map functions

I

_id field, Many-to-Many Relationships, Counting requests by day and page, Schema Design
$inc modifier, Modifying the quantity in the cart, Operation: Post a new comment
incomplete write operations, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
increment operation, Solution Overview
independent collections, Independent Collections
indexes
case sensitivity of, Find movies with a particular word in the title
for accelerating queries, Conclusion: Index all the things!
managing size of, Aside: managing index size
RAM usage, Aside: managing index size, Creating a New Post
right-aligned, Aside: managing index size, Creating a New Post
rules for design of, Rules of index design
unique, Sharding Concerns
inheritance, Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming
insert(), Bulk inserts, Operation: Post a new comment
inserting log records, Inserting a log record
inventory attribute, Extract Armor and Weapon Data for Display
inventory management
operations for, Operations–Error handling
schema design, Schema
sharding for, Sharding Concerns
solution overview, Solution Overview
inventory property, Character Schema
isolation levels, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
items in online games
picking up, Pick Up an Item from a Room
purchasing, Buy an Item
removing, Remove an Item from a Container
storing data for, Solution Overview, Item Schema

J

j (journal) option, Inserting a log record
JavaScript lock, MapReduce
join collection query, Many-to-Many Relationships
JOIN operation, So What’s the Problem?, Multiple-table inheritance
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) format, MongoDB Document Format

K

key columns, What Is a Normal Form, Anyway?
key-value pairs, MongoDB Document Format
keyword targeting, Design 3: Keyword Targeting–Operation: Choose a Group of Ads to Serve
keywords, Design 3: Keyword Targeting

L

last_run variable, Operations, Creating hourly views from event collections, Refactor map functions
limit(), Referencing for Flexibility
list function, Change the ancestry of a category
location in online gaming, Solution Overview, Character Schema, Location Schema, Move the Character to a Different Room
locked field, Upload a photo
$lt operator, Finding all the events for a particular date
$lte operator, Viewing a News Feed or Wall Posts

M

many-to-many (M:N) relationships, Many-to-Many Relationships
mapf function, MapReduce
MapReduce, MapReduce
mapreduce command, Hierarchical Aggregation, Solution Overview
$match operation, Counting requests by day and page, Counting requests by day and page
media sites, Online Advertising Networks
metadata management (see content storage in CMS)
migration scripts, Polymorphic Schemas Enable Schema Evolution
Ming, Object-Document Mappers
minute property, One document per page per day, flat documents
mongod, Scaling read performance without sharding, Sharding Concerns
MongoDB
aggregation framework, Counting requests by day and page
arrays of data in, To Embed or Reference
atomic update operations in, Mimicking Transactional Behavior, Using Complex Updates, Conclusion
automatic sharding, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
benefits and complications of, MongoDB: Who Needs Normalization, Anyway?
BSON document format, MongoDB: Who Needs Normalization, Anyway?, Schema Design
data storage for CMS, Metadata and Asset Management
distributed operation design, The Relational Approach to Consistency
document size limit, Referencing for Potentially High-Arity Relationships, Referencing for Potentially High-Arity Relationships
effective use of, Conclusion
embedding vs. referencing in, To Embed or Reference
full text index, Find movies with a particular word in the title
index design, Rules of index design
loading character data from, Load Character Data from MongoDB
mapreduce output modes, Creating hourly views from event collections
multidocument transactions, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
polymorphic schemas in, Polymorphic Schemas, Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming
product catalog data, The MongoDB answer
query optimizer, Rules of index design
RAM in, Aside: managing index size
schema design flexibility, Conclusion
storage efficiency, Storage (In-)Efficiency of BSON
update operators, The Relational Approach to Consistency
updating documents in, Polymorphic Schemas Enable Schema Evolution
vs. relational database model for product catalogs, Solution Overview–The MongoDB answer
vs. relational databases, Relational Data Modeling and Normalization, Conclusion, Buy an Item
MongoEngine, Object-Document Mappers
MongoKit, Object-Document Mappers
mongos, Scaling read performance without sharding, Sharding Concerns
monthly field, One document per page per day, flat documents
monthly statistics, Weekly and monthly aggregation
multi option, Rename a category
multiple collections, Multiple collections, single database
multiple databases, Multiple databases
multistatement transactions, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation

N

news feeds, Viewing a News Feed or Wall Posts
nodes, Solution Overview, Locate and render a node, Storing Comments
non-threaded comments, Operation: View paginated comments
nonce field, Create and edit content nodes
normal forms, What Is a Normal Form, Anyway?–What Is a Normal Form, Anyway?
normalization, To Embed or Reference
normalized schema, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
normalizing data
for flexibility, Referencing for Flexibility
for high-arity relationships, Referencing for Potentially High-Arity Relationships
num_comment_pages property, Operation: Post a new comment

O

object-document mapper (ODM), Object-Document Mappers
object-oriented (OO) programming, Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming–Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming
ObjectID, Schema Design, Option 1: Shard by time, Schema Design
one-to-many relationships, Referencing for Potentially High-Arity Relationships, Conclusion
online advertising networks
operations for, Operation: Make an Ad Campaign Inactive, Operation: Choose an Ad to Serve, Operation: Choose a Group of Ads to Serve
schema design, Schema Design, Schema Design, Sharding
sharding for, Sharding Concerns, Sharding
solution overview, Solution Overview
online gaming
operations for, Operations–Buy an Item
schema design, Schema Design
sharding for, Sharding
solution overview, Solution Overview
online shopping carts
adding items to, Add an item to a shopping cart
checking out, Checking out
handling errors in, Error handling
modifying quantities in, Modifying the quantity in the cart
timed-out, Returning inventory from timed-out carts
operational architecture
CMS comment storage, Storing Comments–Operation: Retrieve a comment via direct links
CMS content storage, Operations–Generate a feed of recently published blog articles
event data storage, Operations–Counting requests by day and page
hierarchical aggregated reports, Operations–Refactor map functions
online advertising networks, Operation: Make an Ad Campaign Inactive, Operation: Choose an Ad to Serve, Operation: Choose a Group of Ads to Serve
online gaming, Operations–Buy an Item
online shopping carts, Operations–Error handling
pre-aggregated reports, Operations–Get data for a historical chart
product catalogs, Operations–Conclusion: Index all the things!
product categories, Operations–Rename a category
social networking, Operations–Maintaining the Social Graph
operational intelligence (see real-time analytics)
output modes for mapreduce, Creating hourly views from event collections

P

page faults, Referencing for Potentially High-Arity Relationships
paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments
patterns (see operational architecture)
photos, Object-Document Mappers, Solution Overview, Upload a photo
plain-text logfiles, Storing Log Data
polymorphic inheritance modeling, Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming
polymorphic schemas
in MongoDB, Polymorphic Schemas
object-oriented programming, Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming–Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming
schema evolution, Polymorphic Schemas Enable Schema Evolution
semi-structured domain data, Polymorphic Schemas Support Semi-Structured Domain Data
polymorphism, Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming
positional operation $, Rename a category, Modifying the quantity in the cart
posting new comments, Operation: Post a new comment, Operation: Post a new comment, Operation: Post a new comment
posting on social networking sites, Commenting on a Post, Creating a New Post
pre-aggregated reports
operations for, Operations–Get data for a historical chart
schema design, Schema Design–Separate documents by granularity level
sharding, Sharding Concerns
solution overview, Solution Overview
pre-allocating documents, One document per page per day, flat documents, Pre-allocate
prefix regex, Find movies with a particular word in the title
product catalogs
operations for, Operations–Conclusion: Index all the things!
sharding for, Sharding Concerns
solution overview, Solution Overview–The MongoDB answer
product categories
add/insert operation, Add a category to the hierarchy
operations for, Operations–Rename a category
read and display operation, Read and display a category
renaming, Rename a category
reorganizing, Change the ancestry of a category
schema design, Schema Design
sharding for, Sharding Concerns
solution overview, Solution Overview
product collection, Modifying the quantity in the cart
$project operator, Counting requests by day and page
property-value pairs, Polymorphic Schemas Support Semi-Structured Domain Data
public property, Independent Collections
$pull operator, Add an item to a shopping cart, Operation: Make an Ad Campaign Inactive, Move the Character to a Different Room
$push operator, Using Complex Updates, Operation: Post a new comment, Operation: Post a new comment, Move the Character to a Different Room
pymongo, Operations
Python, Operations
Python dict, Inserting a log record, Find movies with a particular word in the title

Q

queries
by data type, Finding all events for a particular page–Finding all events for a particular host/date
flexibility of, Schema Design
in MongoDB, Referencing for Flexibility, Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming
in online games, Operations
MongoDB query optimizer, Rules of index design
shard keys and, Option 2: Shard by a semi-random key
speed of, Finding all events for a particular host/date

R

race conditions, Using Complex Updates, Optimistic Update with Compensation, Error handling, Move the Character to a Different Room
RAM
document size and, Referencing for Potentially High-Arity Relationships
index size and, Aside: managing index size, Sharding Concerns, Creating a New Post
random seeks, So What’s the Problem?
raw transactional data, Storing Log Data
RDBMS (relational database modeling system), Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming, Storage (In-)Efficiency of BSON, Conclusion
read_preference keyword argument, Scaling read performance without sharding
real-time analytics
hierarchical aggregated reports, Hierarchical Aggregation–Sharding Concerns
pre-aggregated reports, Pre-Aggregated Reports–Sharding Concerns
schema requirements for, Schema Design
real-time charts, Retrieving data for a real-time chart
reduce function, Creating hourly views from event collections
redundancy, What Is a Normal Form, Anyway?
regex (regular expression), Find movies with a particular word in the title
relational databases
atomic multistatement transactions, Mimicking Transactional Behavior
isolation levels, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
maintaining consistency, The Relational Approach to Consistency
multistatement transactions, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
normal forms, What Is a Normal Form, Anyway?–What Is a Normal Form, Anyway?
performance issues, So What’s the Problem?
polymorphic schemas in, Polymorphic Schemas to Support Object-Oriented Programming
product catalog data models, Solution Overview–Avoid modeling product data altogether
schema evolution, Polymorphic Schemas Enable Schema Evolution
vs. MongoDB, Conclusion, Buy an Item
remove(), TTL collections
replication, Inserting a log record
retire_transaction, Optimistic Update with Compensation
retrieving comments via direct links, Operation: Retrieve comments via direct links, Operation: Retrieve a comment via direct links
right-aligned indexes, Aside: managing index size, Creating a New Post
role-playing games, Online Gaming

S

safe mode, Add an item to a shopping cart, Create and edit content nodes
.save(), Error handling
schema design
basic ad serving, Schema Design
CMS comment storage, Approach: Hybrid Schema Design
CMS content storage, Schema Design
event logs, Schema Design
flexibility of MongoDB, Conclusion
frequency capping, Schema Design
hierarchical aggregated reports, Schema Design
inventory management, Schema
keyword targeting, Schema Design
online gaming, Schema Design
pre-aggregated reports, Schema Design–Separate documents by granularity level
product categories, Schema Design
social networking, Schema Design–Dependent Collections
sd property, Object-Document Mappers
semi-structured domain data, Polymorphic Schemas Support Semi-Structured Domain Data
serving ads, Operation: Choose an Ad to Serve, Operation: Choose an Ad to Serve, Operation: Choose a Group of Ads to Serve
$set modifier, Modifying the quantity in the cart
shard clusters, Sharding Concerns, Sharding
shard keys
compound, Option 4: Shard by combining a natural and synthetic key, Sharding Concerns, Sharding Concerns
files_id field, Sharding Concerns
hashes, Limitations
in MongoDB, Limitations
node_id, Sharding Concerns
path field, Option 3: Shard by an evenly distributed key in the data set
selecting, Test with your own data
semi-random, Option 2: Shard by a semi-random key
slug or full slug, Sharding Concerns
three-part, Sharding Concerns
timestamps, Limitations
type field, Sharding Concerns
unique indexes, Sharding Concerns
user_id, Sharding
_id field, Sharding Concerns, Sharding
shardcollection command, Sharding Concerns, Sharding Concerns
sharding
ad serving, Sharding Concerns
automatic, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation, Sharding Concerns
CMS comment storage, Sharding Concerns
CMS content storage, Sharding Concerns
event data, Sharding Concerns–Test with your own data
frequency capping, Sharding
hierarchical aggregated reports, Sharding Concerns
inventory management, Sharding Concerns
online gaming, Sharding
pre-aggregated reports, Sharding Concerns
product catalogs, Sharding Concerns
product categories, Sharding Concerns
social networking, Sharding
shopping carts (see online shopping carts)
short_description field, Object-Document Mappers
site_id, Design 1: Basic Ad Serving, Operation: Choose an Ad to Serve, Design 3: Keyword Targeting
$size query, Dependent Collections
skip(), Referencing for Flexibility
$slice operator, Operation: View paginated comments
slug field, Read and display a category, Schema Design
social graphs, Solution Overview, Maintaining the Social Graph
social networking
operations for, Operations–Maintaining the Social Graph
schema design, Schema Design–Dependent Collections
sharding for, Sharding
solution overview, Solution Overview
SQL equivalent statements, Counting requests by day and page
status updates, Solution Overview
$sum statement, Counting requests by day and page

T

this keyword, MapReduce
threaded comments, Operation: View paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments
time field, Counting requests by day and page
time to live (TTL) indexes, TTL collections
timestamps, Schema Design, Limitations
transactional data, Storing Log Data, Hierarchical Aggregation
ts (timestamp) value, Creating hourly views from event collections
TTL collections, TTL collections
two-phase commit protocol, The Relational Approach to Consistency, Optimistic Update with Compensation
txn_id, Optimistic Update with Compensation
type field, Sharding Concerns
types, using proper, Schema Design

U

uncapped collections, Solution Overview
update() statement, Optimistic Update with Compensation
updates
atomic, Conclusion
complex, Using Complex Updates
emulating transactions, Optimistic Update with Compensation–Optimistic Update with Compensation
in relational databases, The Relational Approach to Consistency
incomplete write operations, Embedding for Atomicity and Isolation
optimistic with compensation, Optimistic Update with Compensation–Optimistic Update with Compensation
speed of, Referencing for Potentially High-Arity Relationships, Schema Design, Conclusion: Index all the things!
uploading photos, Upload a photo
upsert operation, Solution Overview, One document per page per day, flat documents, Separate documents by granularity level, Log an event
user comments (see comments)
user profiles, Schema Design, Solution Overview
user_id, Design 3: Keyword Targeting
UTCtimestamp, Schema Design

V

viewing paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments, Operation: View paginated comments

W

wall posts, Viewing a News Feed or Wall Posts
weapons attribute, Character Schema, Extract Armor and Weapon Data for Display
web pages, Solution Overview
weekly statistics, Weekly and monthly aggregation
write concern, Inserting a log record

Z

zone_id, Design 1: Basic Ad Serving, Operation: Choose an Ad to Serve, Design 3: Keyword Targeting
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