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Part I. Basic Concepts
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Part I. Basic Concepts
by Raymond L. Murray
Nuclear Energy, 6th Edition
Brief Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Dedication
Preface
About the Author
Part I. Basic Concepts
Chapter 1. Energy
1.1. Forces and Energy
1.2. Thermal Energy
1.3. Radiant Energy
1.4. The Equivalence of Matter and Energy
1.5. Energy and the World
1.6. Summary
1.7. Exercises
Computer Exercises
1.8. General References
Chapter 2. Atoms and Nuclei
2.1. Atomic Theory
2.2. Gases
2.3. The Atom and Light
2.4. Laser Beams
2.5. Nuclear Structure
2.6. Sizes and Masses of Nuclei
2.7. Binding Energy
2.8. Summary
2.9. Exercises
Computer Exercises
2.10 References
Chapter 3. Radioactivity
3.1. Radioactive Decay
3.2. The Decay Law
3.3. Radioactive Chains
3.4. Measurement of Half-Life
3.5. Summary
3.6. Exercises
Computer Exercises
3.7 References
Chapter 4. Nuclear Processes
4.1. Transmutation of Elements
4.2. Energy and Momentum Conservation
4.3. Reaction Rates
4.4. Particle Attenuation
4.5. Neutron Cross Sections
4.6. Neutron Migration
4.7. Summary
4.8. Exercises
Computer Exercises
4.9 References
Chapter 5. Radiation and Materials
5.1. Excitation and Ionization by Electrons
5.2. Heavy Charged Particle Stopping by Matter
5.3. Gamma Ray Interactions with Matter
(a). Photon-Electron Scattering
(b). Photoelectric Effect
(c). Electron-Positron Pair Production
5.4. Neutron Reactions
5.5. Summary
5.6. Exercises
Computer Exercises
5.7 References
Chapter 6. Fission
6.1. The Fission Process
6.2. Energy Considerations
6.3. Byproducts of Fission
6.4. Energy from Nuclear Fuels
6.5. Summary
6.6. Exercises
Computer Exercises
6.7 References
Chapter 7. Fusion
7.1. Fusion Reactions
7.2. Electrostatic and Nuclear Forces
7.3. Thermonuclear Reactions in a Plasma
7.4. Summary
7.5. Exercises
Computer Exercises
7.6 References
Part II. Nuclear Systems
Chapter 8. Particle Accelerators
8.1. Electric and Magnetic Forces
8.2. High-Voltage Machines
8.3. Linear Accelerator
8.4. Cyclotron and Betatron
8.5. Synchrotron and Collider
8.6. Spallation
8.7. Summary
8.8. Exercises
Computer Exercises
8.9 References
Chapter 9. Isotope Separators
9.1. Mass Spectrograph
9.2. Gaseous Diffusion Separator
9.3. Gas Centrifuge
9.4. Laser Isotope Separation
9.5. Separation of Deuterium
9.6. Summary
9.7. Exercises
Computer Exercises
9.8 References
Chapter 10. Radiation Detectors[†]
10.1. Gas Counters
10.2. Neutron Detectors
10.3. Scintillation Counters
10.4. Solid State Detectors
10.5. Statistics of Counting
10.6. Pulse Height Analysis
10.7. Advanced Detectors
10.8. Detectors and Counterterrorism
10.9. Summary
10.10. Exercises
Computer Exercises
10.11 References
Chapter 11. Neutron Chain Reactions
11.1. Criticality and Multiplication
11.2. Multiplication Factors
11.3. Neutron Flux and Reactor Power
11.4. Reactor Types
(a). Purpose
(b). Neutron Energy
(c). Moderator and Coolant
(d). Fuel
(e). Arrangement
(f). Structural Materials
11.5. Reactor Operation
11.6. The Natural Reactor
11.7. Summary
11.8. Exercises
Computer Exercises
11.9 References
Chapter 12. Nuclear Heat Energy
12.1. Methods of Heat Transmission
12.2. Heat Generation and Removal
12.3. Steam Generation and Electrical Power Production
12.4. Waste Heat Rejection
12.5. Summary
12.6. Exercises
Computer Exercises
12.7 References
Chapter 13. Breeder Reactors
13.1. The Concept of Breeding
13.2. Isotope Production and Consumption
13.3. The Fast Breeder Reactor
13.4. Integral Fast Reactor
13.5. Breeding and Uranium Resources
13.6. Summary
13.7. Exercises
Computer Exercises
13.8 References
Chapter 14. Fusion Reactors
14.1. Comparison of Fusion Reactions
14.2. Requirements for Practical Fusion Reactors
14.3. Magnetic Confinement Machines
14.4. Inertial Confinement Machines
14.5. Other Fusion Concepts
14.6. Prospects for Fusion
14.7. Summary
14.8. Exercises
Computer Exercise
14.9 References
Part III. Nuclear Energy and Man
Chapter 15. The History of Nuclear Energy
15.1. The Rise of Nuclear Physics
15.2. The Discovery of Fission
15.3. The Development of Nuclear Weapons
15.4. Reactor Research and Development
15.5. The Nuclear Controversy
15.6. Summary
15.7. Exercises
15.8 References
Chapter 16. Biological Effects of Radiation
16.1. Physiological Effects
16.2. Radiation Dose Units
16.3. Basis for Limits of Exposure
16.4. Sources of Radiation Dosage
16.5. Radiation and Terrorism
16.6. Summary
16.7. Exercises
Computer Exercises
16.8 References
Chapter 17. Information from Isotopes
17.1. Stable and Radioactive Isotopes
17.2. Tracer Techniques
17.3. Radiopharmaceuticals
17.4. Medical Imaging
17.5. Radioimmunoassay
17.6. Dating
17.7. Neutron Activation Analysis
17.8. Radiography
17.9. Radiation Gauges[†]
17.10. Summary
17.11. Exercises
Computer Exercise
17.12 References
Chapter 18. Useful Radiation Effects
18.1. Medical Treatment
18.2. Radiation Preservation of Food
18.3. Sterilization of Medical Supplies
18.4. Pathogen Reduction
18.5. Crop Mutations
18.6. Insect Control
18.7. Applications in Chemistry
18.8. Transmutation Doping of Semiconductors
18.9. Neutrons in Fundamental Physics
18.10. Neutrons in Biological Studies
18.11. Research with Synchrotron X-rays
18.12. Summary
18.13. Exercises
Computer Exercises
18.14 References
Chapter 19. Reactor Safety and Security
19.1. Neutron Population Growth
19.2. Assurance of Safety
19.3. Emergency Core Cooling and Containment
19.4. Probabilistic Risk Assessment
19.5. The Three Mile Island Accident and Lessons Learned
19.6. The Chernobyl Accident
19.7. Philosophy of Safety
19.8. Nuclear Security
19.9. Summary
19.10. Exercises
Computer Exercises
19.11. References
Chapter 20. Nuclear Propulsion
20.1. Reactors for Naval Propulsion[†]
20.2. Space Reactors
20.3. Space Isotopic Power
20.4. Future Nuclear Space Applications
20.5. Summary
20.6. Exercises
Computer Exercises
20.7 References
Chapter 21. Radiation Protection
21.1. Protective Measures
21.2. Calculation of Dose
21.3. Effects of Distance and Shielding
21.4. Internal Exposure
21.5. The Radon Problem
21.6. Environmental Radiological Assessment[†]
21.7. Newer Radiation Standards
21.8. Summary
21.9. Exercises
Computer Exercises
21.10 References
Chapter 22. Radioactive Waste Disposal
22.1. The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
22.2. Waste Classification
22.3. Spent Fuel Storage
22.4. Transportation
22.5. Reprocessing
22.6. High-Level Waste Disposal
22.7. Low-Level Waste Generation, Treatment, and Disposal
22.8. Environmental Restoration of Defense Sites
22.9. Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning
22.10. Summary
22.11. Exercises
Computer Exercises
22.12 References
Chapter 23. Laws, Regulations, and Organizations[†]
23.1. The Atomic Energy Acts
23.2. The Environmental Protection Agency
23.3. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission
23.4. The Department of Energy
23.5. International Atomic Energy Agency
23.6. Institute of Nuclear Power Operations
23.7. Department of Homeland Security
23.8. Other Organizations
23.9. Energy Policy Acts
23.10. Summary
23.11 References
Chapter 24. Energy Economics
24.1. Components of Electrical Power Cost
24.2. Forecasts and Reality
24.3. Technical and Institutional Improvements
24.4. Effect of Deregulation and Restructuring
24.5. Advanced Reactors
24.6. Nuclear Power Renaissance
24.7. Summary
24.8. Exercises
24.9 References
Chapter 25. International Nuclear Power
25.1. Reactor Distribution
25.2. Western Europe
25.3. Eastern Europe and the CIS
25.4. The Far East
25.5. Other Countries
25.6. Summary
25.7 References
Chapter 26. Nuclear Explosions
26.1. Nuclear Power versus Nuclear Weapons
26.2. Nuclear Explosives
26.3. The Prevention of Nuclear War
26.4. Nonproliferation and Safeguards
26.5. IAEA Inspections
26.6. Production of Tritium
26.7. Management of Weapons Uranium and Plutonium
26.8. Summary
26.9. Exercises
Computer Exercises
26.10. References
Chapter 27. The Future
27.1. Dimensions
27.2. World Energy Use
27.3. Nuclear Energy and Sustainable Development
27.4. Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change
27.5. Perspectives
27.6. Desalination
27.7. Recycling and breeding
27.8. The Hydrogen Economy
27.9. Next Generation Nuclear Plant
27.10. Summary
27.11. Exercises
Computer Exercises
27.12 References
Appendix Appendix
Conversion Factors
Atomic and Nuclear Data
Answers to Exercises
Comments
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