You might need more advanced data structures for analyzing SQL Server data, which comes in tabular format. In Python, there is also the data frame object, like in R. It is defined in the pandas library. You can communicate with SQL Server through the pandas data frames. But before getting there, you need first to learn about arrays and other objects from the numpy library.

In this section, you will learn about the objects from the two of the most important Python libraries, numpy and pandas, including:

• Numpy arrays
• Aggregating data
• Pandas Series and data frames
• Retrieving data from arrays and data frames
• Combining data frames