Index
- Abe, President
- Accor
- adaptive innovation
- aesthetics
- Africa
- current total population
- population forecast
- age
- challenges of
- cognitive ability and
- consumption
- entrepreneurial activity
- entrepreneurial rates by age group (selected countries)
- entrepreneurship and
- entrepreneurship and workforce age (all countries)
- at ‘first innovation’
- great inventions and
- impact on different industries
- income, consumption, and
- innovation and
- negative effect of innovation on
- patent inventors
- public spending and
- trends in
- young population percentage and economic growth
- agglomeration factor of innovation
- agglomeration of talents
- agricultural societies
- agriculture
- contribution to total GDP
- grain output per hectare (selected countries)
- mechanisation and
- old age support as reason for having children and
- per capita availability of farm land
- water usage in
- air pollution
- air pollution index
- and country population density
- and per capita income
- air travel
- Airbnb
- aircraft manufacturing
- Alibaba.com
- alternative energy sources
- Amazon
- America see USA
- American Civil War
- angel investors
- Angola: fertility rate
- anti-trust policies to encourage competition
- Apple
- iPhone
- Argentina
- fertility rate
- artificial intelligence
- Asia
- out-of-wedlock births
- reversal of fertility policy in
- Asian Americans: fertility rates
- ‘Asian Tigers’ growth rates
- assembly line mass production process
- Australia: fertility rate
- autarky policy
- aviation technology
- Baan
- baby boom
- Chinese
- Europe
- US
- Baidu
- Bangladesh: fertility rate
- Barnes & Noble
- Becker, Gary
- Beijing
- air quality in
- as center of innovation
- fertility level
- housing prices in
- population
- population density
- road density
- subway/railway density in
- water in
- Berlin
- Bezos, Jeff
- Biden, Joe
- bike rental services
- birth rate, definition
- blocking effect
- Bosack, Leonard
- Brazil
- fertility rate
- Brexit
- BRIC economies
- Brin, Sergey
- Buenos Aires
- building materials
- Burkina Faso: fertility rate
- Burma
- Burundi: fertility rate
- Canada: fertility rate
- cars
- driverless
- electric
- ownership (selected major cities)
- carrying capacity of the Earth
- Catholic Hispanics fertility rates
- Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
- Chad: fertility rate
- Chang’an
- child care
- China
- in 21st century
- age structure
- aging of economy
- agriculture
- air pollution in
- annual growth
- annual number of newborns (1950–2160)
- anti-fertility policies
- autarky policy
- baby boomers
- college graduates
- daycare centers and kindergartens
- demographic advantage of
- demographic change, impact of
- demographic pyramid of
- demographic transition of
- demographics
- dependency ratio
- economic growth
- education
- electronics industry
- energy demand
- entrepreneurs in
- environmental and natural resource risk
- equality in
- family planning policy
- female college graduates
- female labor force participation rate
- fertility rate
- foreign investment
- GDP
- gender imbalance
- gender ratio
- global inequality
- high speed railway
- high-tech exports
- housing
- income gap
- internal migration
- Internet market
- Internet sector
- investment rate
- labor cost
- ‘leftover women’
- long-term isolationism
- manufacturing industry
- marriage
- migrant workers
- monthly income growth of rural workers in
- movie industry
- national college entrance exam
- Nobel Prize winners
- old-age dependency ratio
- one-and-a-half-child policy
- one-child policy
- out-of-wedlock birth rate
- per capita asset level
- per capita calorie intake
- per capita GDP
- PhD students
- policy suggestions
- political reform
- pollution
- population (1700s)
- population growth, negative
- population structure (2008–2040)
- population structure (2010 and 2040)
- predicted median age
- production efficiency
- pro-fertility policy
- required penetration rate
- research and development
- retirement age
- robots
- rote learning
- rural/urban inequality
- saving rate
- service industry
- ‘Tiger Mom’ style of parenting
- total births (1950 to 2015)
- tourism
- two-child policy
- urbanization rate
- vs. USA
- young people (aged fromto), growth in
- young workers in
- Chinese writing system
- Christianity
- Chua, Amy: Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother
- Chung Ho
- Cisco
- cities
- density and country population density
- density and per capita GDP
- most attractive
- population
- road density
- world’s worst for gridlock
- world’s largest
- Clean Air Act (1970)
- clean energy
- clean technology
- Club of Rome: Limits to Growth
- cognitive ability, age and
- cohabitation
- college education
- China
- democratization of
- India
- UK
- USA
- women
- see also doctorates
- communication costs
- Communist movement
- complacency
- Confucian teachings
- Congo: fertility rate
- container shipping technology and freeways
- continuous (micro) innovation
- contraceptives
- cost of raising children
- country population
- ‘creative destruction,’ theory of
- creativity
- age and
- critical mass of customers
- Ctrip.com
- Da Vinci, Leonardo
- deflation
- Delhi, fertility rate
- Dell
- Dell, Michael
- demographic factors of innovation
- Deng XiaoPing
- Detroit
- developed countries
- late 1960s birth rate decline
- digital camera
- Disney
- disruptive innovation
- doctorates
- foreign, in U.S. graduate schools
- U.S. universities
- drip irrigation systems
- driverless cars
- ‘Dutch disease’
- East Asian Countries
- eBay
- economic theory of innovation
- economies of scale
- Edison, Thomas
- education
- cost
- labor force participation rate of women
- quality
- reform
- sector
- style
- support
- see also college education; doctorates
- Egypt: fertility rate
- Ehrlich, Paul: Population Bomb
- Einstein, Albert
- electric car industry
- electricity
- Ellison, Larry
- emerging countries
- energy
- aging and
- sources
- English language
- academic and research community and
- advantages of
- commerce and
- as international language
- English-speaking countries
- enterprise resource planning (ERP) software companies
- entertainment industry
- entrepreneurship
- aging, and the blocking effect
- definition of
- and economic growth
- entrepreneurial rate of different countries
- negative effect of aging on
- vitality in young people
- environment
- equality, benefits of
- Ethiopia: fertility rate
- Europe
- baby boom
- current fertility map
- fertility and aging
- fertility rates
- history of innovation in
- immigration
- innovation in
- lack of entrepreneurship
- marriage ratio in
- Muslim fertility rates
- Muslim immigration
- policy recommendations
- skill level of immigrants
- tertiary educational attainment
- venture capital in
- European Union (EU)
- future of
- migration into and out of
- tax laws
- Expedia
- export capabilities
- Exxon
- family size
- reasons for smaller
- FedEx
- fertility
- per capita asset level
- reduction policies
- unemployment and
- world map
- fertility, low
- and aging
- and demographic dividend/deficit
- and old-age support
- fertility rate
- before and after birth policy changes
- below replacement level
- definition
- factors causing
- global
- field switch for innovators
- financial industry, aging and
- financial market
- Flipkart
- food
- consumption per capita for major countries
- world prices
- world production
- Forbidden City
- Ford, Henry
- Ford Model T car
- Ford Motor Company
- fossil fuels
- Foxconn
- France
- fertility rate
- maternity leave
- Muslims
- population (1801-2000)
- pre-school children
- pro-fertility culture
- pro-fertility policies
- frontier innovation
- ‘frontier technology innovation’
- Fujitsu
- Gambia: fertility rate
- game testing
- gas extraction
- Gates, Bill
- Germany
- child cash bonus
- fertility rate
- manufacturing industries
- maternity benefits
- Muslim population
- old-age dependency ratio
- population (1801-2000)
- ultra-low fertility rates
- Gini coefficient
- Global Demographic Trends
- Global Entrepreneur Monitor
- Global Innovation Index
- vs. GDP per capita
- global warming
- Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore
- Google Japan
- GRE General Test results
- Great Depression
- Great Wall of China
- greenhouse gases
- Guangdong
- Guangzhou as center of innovation
- Hainan Island, China: highway network
- Han dynasty
- Harry Potter brand
- Harvard
- Hawaii
- health industry
- Herbivore will Change Japan, The
- high-speed train technology
- high-technology
- historical trends of innovation
- Hitachi
- Hollywood films
- Hong Kong
- fertility level
- fertility rates
- as gateway to China
- growth rates
- Horie, Takafumi
- house price to income ratios
- house prices
- Silicon Valley
- housing
- in China
- in Japan
- in USA
- HP
- Huawei
- human extinction movement
- IBM
- immigrants, highly skilled
- immigrants, types of
- highly skilled
- unskilled
- welfare
- immigration
- inequality and
- unemployment and
- in vitro fertilization (IVF)
- Inamori, Kyocera
- income gap
- India
- brain drain vs brain gain
- college students
- demand for energy and commodities
- economic growth
- Environment
- export and balance of trade
- fertility rate
- forced female sterilization
- foreign reserves
- future economic outlook
- GDP growth rate
- green revolution in
- history of
- inequality in
- infrastructure
- Internet users
- marriage ratio
- mobile users
- natural resources
- political system
- population age structure
- population pyramid
- poverty and inequality
- savings rate in
- sustainable growth
- venture capital
- young worker population forecast, India vs. China
- Indonesia: fertility rate
- Industrial Age, population advantage
- Industrial Revolution
- Second
- inequality
- infant mortality rate
- Information Age, population advantage
- information technology industry
- infrastructure, investment in
- Innovation Capabilities of Different Countries
- innovation index
- Intel
- intellectual property protection
- internal migration
- International students
- Internet industry
- Iran: fertility rate
- Islam adherents
- isolationism
- Israel
- entrepreneurial and innovation capability
- water resource per capita
- Italy
- fertility rate
- old-age dependency ratio
- Jakarta
- Japan
- age and
- age of managers
- age of workforce
- age structure
- aging of economy
- aging of firms
- aging of society
- automobile industry
- daycare centers
- deflation
- economic stagnation
- education
- elderly population
- entrepreneurship and innovation
- fertility rate
- firm formation and exit (1966 to 1999)
- GDP growth rate
- high-end manufacturing technology
- high-tech companies and their founders in
- housing demand
- immigration policy
- innovation in
- lost decades
- marriage ratio
- old-age dependency ratio
- out-of-wedlock births
- per capita calorie intake
- population, shrinking
- public pension fund
- required penetration rate
- retirement age
- unmarried rate of Japanese women and first marriage age
- wage trends
- young workers in workforce
- Jewish people
- Jianxin Li
- Jingdong.com
- Jobs, Steve
- Jones, Benjamin
- Kangxi, Emperor
- KFC in China
- kindergarten and daycare services
- labor unions
- language
- see also English language
- Latin American countries: mineral and oil resources
- Lazear, Edward
- learning ability age and
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs), population forecast
- Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister
- Lenovo
- Lerner, Sandy
- Li, President of Korea
- Liang, James: China Needs More Babies
- ‘license Raj’ system
- life expectancy
- in China
- in developed countries
- in pre-industrial societies
- ‘Limit for Growth, The’
- Line
- London
- air quality
- length of subway/railway
- Los Angeles
- film and entertainment industry
- population
- population density
- smog
- ‘low-fertility trap’
- Ma, Jack
- machine learning technologies
- macro innovation
- macroeconomy, aging and
- Makemytrip
- Malawi: fertility rate
- Malaysia
- college enrollment rate
- Mali: fertility rate
- Malthus, Thomas Robert
- Essay on the Principle of Population, An
- Malthusian theory of demographics
- Manhattan
- population density
- manufacturing
- aging and
- China
- mechanisation and
- in the USA
- marriage
- in China
- delay in
- marriage ratio
- Japan
- mass production
- maternity Leave
- McDonalds
- measurement of innovation
- medical equipment manufacturing
- Mega Cities
- mental consumption
- Mercedes
- Mexico
- fertility rate
- Microsoft
- migration, net, for major countries in 2012
- military technology, investment in
- Ming dynasty
- minimum wage
- Mircomax
- MIT
- mobile phone market
- Mongolia air quality
- Moore, Gordon
- Mormons: fertility rates
- Moscow population
- movie reviewing
- Mozambique: fertility rate
- Muslims
- fertility rates
- immigrants in Europe
- Nagoya
- natural resources
- and economic growth
- as share of wealth (1947–2007)
- NEC
- Netherlands child support benefits in
- New York
- as center of financial innovation
- financial industry
- population
- population density
- road density
- Newton, Isaac
- Niger: fertility rate
- Nigeria
- fertility rate
- population
- population growth rate
- Nikon
- Nintendo
- Nobel Prize winners
- age distribution
- Nokia
- Norway, child support benefits in
- nuclear power
- numerical skills, age and
- Obama, Barack
- oil crisis
- ‘oil dollar’
- oil price
- oil reserve/yearly oil consumption (1980–2014)
- Ola
- Olacab
- old-age dependency ratio
- Oracle
- out-of-wedlock birth rate
- overcentralization
- overpopulation
- Oyo Hotel
- Page, Larry
- Pakistan: fertility rate
- Panasonic
- Paris
- patent data
- France, the United Kingdom, USA, and Germany, 1838–1945
- number of co-inventors per patent
- PeopleSoft
- pensions, public
- per capita income
- average
- total fertility rate, relationship
- perceptual speed, age and
- PhDs see doctorates
- Philippines: fertility rate
- Philips Academy
- physical consumption
- Piketty, Thomas: Capital in the Twenty-First Century
- PISA test
- Poland: fertility rate
- policy strategies
- of large countries
- of small countries
- population density
- and income
- per capita level of income
- population forecast
- by country
- in major regions of the world: 1950–2300
- population, global
- current
- elderly
- forecasts
- likely to peak at aroundbillion people
- limit
- median age forecast (2010 and 2050)
- predicted
- population growth rate
- 1960–1965
- 2010–2015
- populism
- Porter, Michel
- Porter’s four-factor model
- Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain (PIGS): financial crisis
- private financial industry
- private savings
- procurement costs
- pro-fertility culture, building
- pro-fertility policies
- analysis of
- in developed countries
- financial support
- ‘proletariat’
- promotion opportunities for young people
- public pension system
- public policy
- public transportation systems
- purchasing power parity (PPP)
- Qianlong, Emperor
- Qin Shi Huang
- Qing dynasty
- real-estate bubble (1991)
- real-estate industry, aging and
- religion, culture, and fertility rates
- population ratio
- see also Christianity; Muslims
- religiosity map of the world
- replacement total fertility rate
- reproductive technologies
- required penetration rate
- research, investment in
- research and development
- researchers in (per million people)
- ‘resource curse’
- resource dollar
- retirement age
- rewards for innovation
- roads
- robotics
- Roman Empire
- Romer, Paul
- Russia
- fertility rate
- as part of Europe
- population (1801-2000)
- pro-fertility culture
- pro-fertility policies
- Samsung
- San Francisco: population
- SAP
- saving rates of selected countries
- scale advantage
- scale effect of innovation
- Scandinavian countries, child support benefits in
- Schumpeter, Joseph
- sea navigational technology
- seawater desalination
- semiconductors
- Seoul
- air quality
- population
- service and information industries
- service jobs
- shale-gas technology
- Shanghai
- as center of innovation
- fertility level
- fertility rate
- housing price
- population
- population density
- Sharp
- Shenzhen
- as center of innovation
- housing price
- Siemens
- Silicon Valley
- housing price
- transportation network
- Singapore
- fertility policy
- fertility rate
- as gateway
- growth rates
- maternity leave
- population density
- Singh, Manmohan
- Smith, Adam
- social changes driven by innovation
- solar power
- Somalia: fertility rate
- Song dynasties
- Sony
- South Africa: fertility rate
- South Korea
- daycare and kindergarten benefits
- education
- education style
- elderly population
- fertility rate
- growth rates
- Nobel Prize winners
- old-age dependency ratio
- out of wedlock births
- per capita calorie intake
- pro-fertility culture
- Soviet Union see Russia
- Spain
- fertility rate
- old-age dependency ratio
- ultra-low fertility rates
- Spanish–American War
- speed of innovation
- Starbucks
- startup failures
- Stiglitz, Joseph
- subprime crisis
- supply-side economists
- Sweden
- child support benefits in
- fertility rate
- Taipei, fertility level
- Taiwan
- Family Health Committee
- fertility rates
- growth rates
- Tang dynasty
- Tanzania: fertility rate
- taxation
- for age support
- company
- technological progress
- Technological Revolution
- technology capabilities
- telecommunication technology
- Tesla, Nikola
- Thailand
- college enrollment rate
- fertility rate
- thermal power
- Thucydides Trap
- Tokyo
- agglomeration effect
- air quality
- congestion
- population
- public transportation
- subway/railway density
- ‘too much leisure’
- Toshiba
- tourism industry
- trade liberalization
- trade vs. immigration
- transportation
- costs
- public systems
- technology
- Trump, Donald
- Turkey: fertility rate
- Uber
- Ulaanbaatar, air quality
- unemployment
- selected countries (2014)
- unemployment benefits
- United Kingdom
- fertility rate
- Nobel Prize winners
- number of patents
- paid maternity and paternity leave
- population (1801-2000)
- United Nations
- World Population Prospects: 2015 Revision
- UPS
- uranium
- urban congestion
- urbanization
- USA
- advantage in Innovation
- age structure
- automobile industry
- baby boom generation
- census
- child support in
- college graduation rate
- college students
- doctorates, foreign-born
- dollar
- drug research
- education system
- fertility advantage
- fertility by ethnic group
- fertility rate
- fertility trend
- formal education
- Gini index
- high-tech companies and founders
- higher education
- highly skilled immigration
- history of Innovation in
- housing
- human resources
- immigrants
- immigration
- immigration advantage
- income inequality
- income per capita
- inequality problem
- inflation (1960 to 2010)
- international students
- Internet
- manufacturing in
- manufacturing product
- marriage ratio in
- net migration
- ‘No Child Left Behind’ initiative
- Nobel Laureates
- patents
- per capita GDP
- policy recommendations
- population (1801-2000)
- population growth (1865 to 1925)
- population size advantage
- population structure (2040)
- pro-fertility financial support
- railroads
- scientific research
- service and information technology industries
- skills
- universities
- unskilled immigrants
- ‘VIE’ structure
- venture capitalists
- verbal skills, age and
- video game console
- Vietnam
- fertility rate
- two-child only policy
- voter turnout ratio of people
- Walkman
- War for Talent
- warfare
- water
- welfare benefits for the elderly, reducing
- Wenzheng Huang
- wind power
- women
- college education
- education
- Islamic
- labor force participation rate
- ‘leftover’
- in workforce
- World Bank
- World Trade Organization (WTO)
- Xerox
- Xiaomi
- Yahoo Japan
- Yokohoma as satellite city
- Zambia: fertility rates
- Zheng He
- Zuckerberg, Mark
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