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by Mark Dressman, Randall William Sadler
The Handbook of Informal Language Learning
Cover
Notes on Contributors
Introduction
A new field of research
Plan of the handbook
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Part I: Theorizing Informal Language Learning
1 Motivation and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Second language motivation in the classroom
English learning beyond the classroom
Informal language learning: A theoretical framework
Conclusion
REFERENCES
2 Learning Languages in Informal Environments: Some Cognitive Considerations
Introduction
Summary
REFERENCES
3 Multimodality and Language Learning
Introduction
Conclusion: Why do we need a theory of multimodality?
REFERENCES
4 How Learning Context Shapes Heritage and Second Language Acquisition
Introduction
Language acquisition in different contexts
Second language acquisition
Heritage language acquisition
Formal vs. informal contexts in language learning
Informal language learning today: New technologies
Conclusion
REFERENCES
5 Informal Writing and Language Learning
Introduction
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Part II: Learning in Digital Contexts
6 Virtual Landscapes
Introduction
Virtual worlds and informal language learning
Teacher recommendations and the future of VWs
REFERENCES
7 Gaming and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
General findings related to L2 acquisition and informal learning through games
Gameplay interactions
Research limitations
What is language learning?: Perceptions and a market of diverse solutions
The future of gaming and informal language learning
Concluding thoughts
REFERENCES
8 Self‐Paced Language Learning Using Online Platforms
Introduction
Web‐based and mobile platforms
Research study
Conclusion
REFERENCES
INTERNET SOURCES
9 Fan Fiction and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Fan fiction – a crash course
Fan fiction and informal language learning
Future directions
REFERENCES
10 Vlogs, Video Publishing, and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Informal language learning and the internet
Studying informal language‐learning vlogs
The potential of informal language learning in the context of vlogs
Limits of informal learning in the context of vlogs
Conclusion
REFERENCES
11 Mobile Collaboration for Language Learning and Cultural Learning
Introduction
Informal mobile language learning and collaboration
Fostering peer collaboration via mobile devices
Forms of context‐relevant collaboration beyond the classroom
Roles for teachers
Support for learners
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Part III: Learning Through Media and Live Contact
12 Video and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
The scope and scale of video and informal language learning today
Research on captioned video and informal language learning
Some key studies of caption use in informal language learning
REFERENCES
13 Songs and Music
Introduction
The linguistic benefits of using music and songs
Conclusion
REFERENCES
14 Mobility, Media, and Multiplicity: Immigrants' Informal Language Learning via Media
Introduction
Informal learning through media: Maintaining the old and developing the new
Lessons learned: Supporting informal language learning
REFERENCES
15 Service Sector Work and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Theoretical concepts
Learning in natural settings: The strategies used by businesses and employees' communication strategies
Conclusions
REFERENCES
16 Linguistic Landscapes and Additional Language Development
Introduction
The linguistic landscape: From a colorful canvas to critical pedagogical approaches for language learning
Making use of the language‐learning opportunities that are already there
Implications and future potential
REFERENCES
17 Language Tourism and Second Language Acquisition in Informal Learning Contexts
Introduction
Language gains deriving from language tourism
Interacting with the host community
The role of accommodation, leisure activities, and other travel components in facilitating SLA
Alternative educational settings conducive to SLA
SLA in work contexts
Challenges and future research
REFERENCES
Part IV: International Case Studies of Informal Language Learners
18 Hong Kong and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
The linguistic and sociocultural realities of Hong Kong
Hong Kong learners' engagement in informal language learning
The interaction of out‐of‐class learning experience and linguistic and sociocultural realities
Conclusion
REFERENCES
19 An Emerging Path to English in Korea: Informal Digital Learning of English
Introduction
The unique position of English in Korea
IDLE and English learning outcomes
Implications for English education in Korea
REFERENCES
20 Informal English Learning Among Moroccan Youth
Introduction
Methods
Findings
Discussion: The invisible university
Conclusion: Limitations
REFERENCES
21 Sweden and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Informal learning
Survey of the field – Sweden
Concluding remarks
REFERENCES
22 Informal English Learning in France
Introduction
Early findings on informal English learning in France
Participation in online informal activities
A case study on L2 development from informal usage
Implications from the present research
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Part V: Informal Learning and Formal Contexts
23 Translanguaging Across Contexts
Introduction
Context and theory
Empirical studies
Translanguaging examples
Implications for research and practice
REFERENCES
24 A Critical Review of Social Networks for Language Learning Beyond the Classroom
Introduction
Theoretical and methodological framing
Approaching social media
Social networking in language education
Informal learning
Future directions
Conclusion
REFERENCES
25 Digital Writing in Informal Settings Among Multilingual Language Learners
Introduction
Technology‐supported informal writing
Bridging the gap
Concluding remarks
REFERENCES
26 Extensive Reading for Statistical Learning
Introduction to extensive reading
Statistical learning
Reading and vocabulary research supporting ER
Research on ER
Reading comprehension
Reading rate
Vocabulary development
Other benefits
Obstacles to ER
Implementation
REFERENCES
27 Leveraging Technology to Integrate Informal Language Learning within Classroom Settings
Introduction
The case for integrating informal learning into a language class
Teacher support for informal language learning
Strategies and tools for informal language learning: Focus on listening and vocabulary development
Designing and evaluating informal language learning experiences
Conclusion: The road ahead
REFERENCES
28 Connecting Informal and Formal Language Learning
Introduction
Key concepts related to informal and autonomous language learning
Benefits of informal autonomous language learning
Self‐directed language learning and technology
Underlying theoretical constructs associated with autonomous language learning
Other factors that can foster or impede L2 learner autonomy
Instructional approaches that encourage autonomous learning
Autonomous learning within the classroom
Autonomous language‐learning communities
Non‐language oriented spaces and communities
Benefits of participation in these online communities
Potential dangers of online autonomous learning
Resources available
Suggestions for using these resources in the L2 classroom
Conclusions: Making the formal informal again
REFERENCES
Part VI: The Present and Future of Informal Language Learning
29 Digital Translation: Its Potential and Limitations for Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Translation in the language classroom
Translation technology
Application of translation apps for language learning
Conclusion
REFERENCES
30 Future Directions in Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Understanding experiential language learning: A growing need
Recreational language learning on the rise
New opportunities for learning through games and social media
Growing participation in nonformal, yet structured learning
Classroom integration
New devices and opportunities on the horizon
The role of informal language learning in the future
REFERENCES
31 Last Words: Naming, Framing, and Challenging the Field
Introduction
Naming the field
Framing informal learning
The interdisciplinary attraction of informal language learning
Challenges for future research
Future research shopping list
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Index
End User License Agreement
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Prev
Previous Chapter
Cover
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Next Chapter
Series Page
Table of Contents
Cover
Notes on Contributors
Introduction
A new field of research
Plan of the handbook
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Part I: Theorizing Informal Language Learning
1 Motivation and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Second language motivation in the classroom
English learning beyond the classroom
Informal language learning: A theoretical framework
Conclusion
REFERENCES
2 Learning Languages in Informal Environments: Some Cognitive Considerations
Introduction
Summary
REFERENCES
3 Multimodality and Language Learning
Introduction
Conclusion: Why do we need a theory of multimodality?
REFERENCES
4 How Learning Context Shapes Heritage and Second Language Acquisition
Introduction
Language acquisition in different contexts
Second language acquisition
Heritage language acquisition
Formal vs. informal contexts in language learning
Informal language learning today: New technologies
Conclusion
REFERENCES
5 Informal Writing and Language Learning
Introduction
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Part II: Learning in Digital Contexts
6 Virtual Landscapes
Introduction
Virtual worlds and informal language learning
Teacher recommendations and the future of VWs
REFERENCES
7 Gaming and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
General findings related to L2 acquisition and informal learning through games
Gameplay interactions
Research limitations
What is language learning?: Perceptions and a market of diverse solutions
The future of gaming and informal language learning
Concluding thoughts
REFERENCES
8 Self‐Paced Language Learning Using Online Platforms
Introduction
Web‐based and mobile platforms
Research study
Conclusion
REFERENCES
INTERNET SOURCES
9 Fan Fiction and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Fan fiction – a crash course
Fan fiction and informal language learning
Future directions
REFERENCES
10 Vlogs, Video Publishing, and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Informal language learning and the internet
Studying informal language‐learning vlogs
The potential of informal language learning in the context of vlogs
Limits of informal learning in the context of vlogs
Conclusion
REFERENCES
11 Mobile Collaboration for Language Learning and Cultural Learning
Introduction
Informal mobile language learning and collaboration
Fostering peer collaboration via mobile devices
Forms of context‐relevant collaboration beyond the classroom
Roles for teachers
Support for learners
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Part III: Learning Through Media and Live Contact
12 Video and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
The scope and scale of video and informal language learning today
Research on captioned video and informal language learning
Some key studies of caption use in informal language learning
REFERENCES
13 Songs and Music
Introduction
The linguistic benefits of using music and songs
Conclusion
REFERENCES
14 Mobility, Media, and Multiplicity: Immigrants' Informal Language Learning via Media
Introduction
Informal learning through media: Maintaining the old and developing the new
Lessons learned: Supporting informal language learning
REFERENCES
15 Service Sector Work and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Theoretical concepts
Learning in natural settings: The strategies used by businesses and employees' communication strategies
Conclusions
REFERENCES
16 Linguistic Landscapes and Additional Language Development
Introduction
The linguistic landscape: From a colorful canvas to critical pedagogical approaches for language learning
Making use of the language‐learning opportunities that are already there
Implications and future potential
REFERENCES
17 Language Tourism and Second Language Acquisition in Informal Learning Contexts
Introduction
Language gains deriving from language tourism
Interacting with the host community
The role of accommodation, leisure activities, and other travel components in facilitating SLA
Alternative educational settings conducive to SLA
SLA in work contexts
Challenges and future research
REFERENCES
Part IV: International Case Studies of Informal Language Learners
18 Hong Kong and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
The linguistic and sociocultural realities of Hong Kong
Hong Kong learners' engagement in informal language learning
The interaction of out‐of‐class learning experience and linguistic and sociocultural realities
Conclusion
REFERENCES
19 An Emerging Path to English in Korea: Informal Digital Learning of English
Introduction
The unique position of English in Korea
IDLE and English learning outcomes
Implications for English education in Korea
REFERENCES
20 Informal English Learning Among Moroccan Youth
Introduction
Methods
Findings
Discussion: The invisible university
Conclusion: Limitations
REFERENCES
21 Sweden and Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Informal learning
Survey of the field – Sweden
Concluding remarks
REFERENCES
22 Informal English Learning in France
Introduction
Early findings on informal English learning in France
Participation in online informal activities
A case study on L2 development from informal usage
Implications from the present research
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Part V: Informal Learning and Formal Contexts
23 Translanguaging Across Contexts
Introduction
Context and theory
Empirical studies
Translanguaging examples
Implications for research and practice
REFERENCES
24 A Critical Review of Social Networks for Language Learning Beyond the Classroom
Introduction
Theoretical and methodological framing
Approaching social media
Social networking in language education
Informal learning
Future directions
Conclusion
REFERENCES
25 Digital Writing in Informal Settings Among Multilingual Language Learners
Introduction
Technology‐supported informal writing
Bridging the gap
Concluding remarks
REFERENCES
26 Extensive Reading for Statistical Learning
Introduction to extensive reading
Statistical learning
Reading and vocabulary research supporting ER
Research on ER
Reading comprehension
Reading rate
Vocabulary development
Other benefits
Obstacles to ER
Implementation
REFERENCES
27 Leveraging Technology to Integrate Informal Language Learning within Classroom Settings
Introduction
The case for integrating informal learning into a language class
Teacher support for informal language learning
Strategies and tools for informal language learning: Focus on listening and vocabulary development
Designing and evaluating informal language learning experiences
Conclusion: The road ahead
REFERENCES
28 Connecting Informal and Formal Language Learning
Introduction
Key concepts related to informal and autonomous language learning
Benefits of informal autonomous language learning
Self‐directed language learning and technology
Underlying theoretical constructs associated with autonomous language learning
Other factors that can foster or impede L2 learner autonomy
Instructional approaches that encourage autonomous learning
Autonomous learning within the classroom
Autonomous language‐learning communities
Non‐language oriented spaces and communities
Benefits of participation in these online communities
Potential dangers of online autonomous learning
Resources available
Suggestions for using these resources in the L2 classroom
Conclusions: Making the formal informal again
REFERENCES
Part VI: The Present and Future of Informal Language Learning
29 Digital Translation: Its Potential and Limitations for Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Translation in the language classroom
Translation technology
Application of translation apps for language learning
Conclusion
REFERENCES
30 Future Directions in Informal Language Learning
Introduction
Understanding experiential language learning: A growing need
Recreational language learning on the rise
New opportunities for learning through games and social media
Growing participation in nonformal, yet structured learning
Classroom integration
New devices and opportunities on the horizon
The role of informal language learning in the future
REFERENCES
31 Last Words: Naming, Framing, and Challenging the Field
Introduction
Naming the field
Framing informal learning
The interdisciplinary attraction of informal language learning
Challenges for future research
Future research shopping list
Conclusion
REFERENCES
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Peirce's ten classifications of signs and terminology.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1 Oldenburg's (1999) third‐place characteristics.
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Interest by region (according to Google Trends).
Table 8.2 Traffic estimators' results (according to SimilarWeb).
Table 8.3 Some interesting specifications of Duolingo and Babbel.
Table 8.4 Language competencies developed.
Table 8.5 Language activities developed.
Table 8.6 Short criteria table.
Table 8.7 Undergraduate and postgraduate students' language selection.
Chapter 15
Table 15.1 Communication strategies developed by service sector migrants in t...
Chapter 16
Table 16.1 Selected objects for learning from environmental language.
Table 16.2 Reflections on the role of English (in German contexts) and the so...
Chapter 20
Table 20.1 Number of students interviewed and sources of English, by gender a...
Chapter 29
Table 29.1 The evolution of translation technology.
Table 29.2 Comparison of the translation of informal sentences with the three...
Table 29.3 List of language‐learning skills in association with the features ...
List of Illustrations
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Results of Shin and Christianson (2012).
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 A meme about Australian politician Bronwyn Bishop's misuse of gov...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Monolingual (one line) and bilingual (two lines) language develop...
Figure 4.2 Second language acquisition around puberty.
Figure 4.3 Heritage language acquisition in simultaneous and sequential bili...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Japanese‐focused island in
Second Life
.
Figure 6.2 Most frequent respondents by country.
Figure 6.3 Use of primary and second language(s).
Figure 6.4 How second language skills were improved.
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Techno‐semio‐discursive space of a vlogger on YouTube. Link: htt...
Figure 10.2 A sustained monologue, fixed camera in the car, centered framing...
Figure 10.3 Exchanging comments on pronunciation (extract).
Figure 10.4 YouTube Creator Studio dashboard.
Figure 10.5 Corrections offered by users on YouTube.
Chapter 23
Figure 23.1 A game on a tablet.
Figure 23.2 Translanguaging to ensure the reader's understanding.
Chapter 27
Figure 27.1 The learning continua of formal/informal and intentional/inciden...
Chapter 29
Figure 29.1 Display of a range of potential translations for the highlighted...
Chapter 31
Figure 31.1 Four types of informal learning.
Guide
Cover
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