A

Absolute color adjustments, 279

abstracting the tools, 6–7

Ackoff, Russell, 12

Adams, Ansel, 163

Add Noise filter, 122, 194, 195, 230

adjustable lighting, 11–12

adjustment layers, 15, 259–262

adding to documents, 37

adjustments vs., 70, 260

blending modes used with, 39, 95–96

color channels targeted by, 39

grouping, 140

masks used on, 37–38

options for choosing, 260

Properties panel buttons, 261

adjustment layers reference, 259–283

Black & White, 271–272

Brightness/Contrast, 262–263

Channel Mixer, 273–275

Color Balance, 270–271

Color Lookup, 275

Curves, 266–267

Exposure, 267–268

Gradient Fill, 282–283

Gradient Map, 280–281

Hue/Saturation, 269–270

Invert, 276

Levels, 263–266

Pattern, 283

Photo Filter, 273

Posterize, 276

Selective Color, 278–279

Solid Fill, 282

Threshold, 278

Vibrance, 268

See also specific adjustment layers

Adjustments library, 184

Adjustments menu, 260

Adjustments panel, 37

Adobe Sensei AI, 54, 239

alpha blending, 288

alpha channels, 54–55

creating, 63–64, 70

selections using, 55, 71

Apply Image dialog box, 190, 250

art, concepts expressed through, 13

Artistic Brushes Canvas set, 205

assets, naming, 216

atmospheric effects, 193–200

author’s personal note, 4–6

Auto button

Black & White adjustment layer, 272

Brightness/Contrast adjustment layer, 263

Levels adjustment layer, 265

Auto Color Correction Options dialog box, 153, 155, 265

automated selections, 54

Average Blur filter, 147, 148, 150

B

B&W Control Freak method, 167–171

backdrop, 39, 286

background fixes, 236

backslash key (), 72

base layer, 39, 136, 286, 292

Berlier, Rocky, 163

bit depth, 251

Black & White adjustment layer, 271–272

color to grayscale conversion and, 31–33, 167, 168

Gradient Map used with, 130–131

Luminosity blending mode and, 33, 221, 272

stamped portrait effect and, 202

Targeted Adjustment Tool and, 261, 272

black-and-white images

Color blending mode applied to, 127

converting color images to, 31–33, 167–171

black-to-white gradient, 29, 161, 163, 167

blemish reduction, 253

Blend If feature, 40–47

color adjustments, 41–45

comparisons made with, 46

crossing the sliders, 98

duotone effect and, 127

how it works, 40–41

image enhancements, 94, 96–97

trapping transparency using, 46–47

vignette removal, 117

blend layer, 39, 286, 293

blending modes, 16, 285–295

adjustment layers and, 39, 95–96

Blend If sliders and, 40–47

categories of, 286–287

controls and options for, 40

Fill and Opacity adjustments, 39, 287–289

group options for, 74, 78–80

image enhancement using, 93–97

math used for, 290–292

multiple layers required for, 15

painting with, 80–83

blending modes reference, 285–337

Color, 336

Color Burn, 302–303

Color Dodge, 310–311

Darken, 298–299

Darker Color, 306–307

Difference, 328–329

Dissolve, 296–297

Divide, 332–333

Exclusion, 330

Hard Light, 318–319

Hard Mix, 326–327

Hue, 333–334

Lighten, 308

Lighter Color, 314–315

Linear Dodge, 312–313

Linear Light, 322–323

Luminosity, 337

Multiply, 299–300

Normal, 296

Overlay, 315–316

Pin Light, 324–325

reference images, 292–295

Saturation, 334–335

Screen, 309

Soft Light, 317–318

Subtract, 331

Vivid Light, 320–321

See also specific blending modes

blending process, 39

blocking process, 168

blur filters

Average Blur, 147, 148, 150

Median Blur, 255

Motion Blur, 194, 195

Path Blur, 229, 230

See also Gaussian blur

Blur tool, 76

Boolean selections, 57, 65, 137

brightening eyes, 119–122

brightness, 13

lightness vs., 143

luminosity vs., 14

Brightness slider, 262

Brightness/Contrast adjustment layer, 262–263

bristle brushes, 205, 206

Brush Settings panel, 204

brush tip presets, 204

Brush tool

choosing style for, 204

resetting to Normal blending mode, 81

vignettes painted with, 112

Brushes panel, 204

burning and dodging. See dodging and burning

C

Calculations dialog box, 59–60

Camera Raw filter, 117

Camera Raw vignette controls, 117

canvas

copying everything on, 48, 69

previewing results on, 60

Channel Mixer adjustment layer, 39, 273–275

channel selections, 54–61

alpha channels and, 54–55

Boolean operations for, 57–58

calculations used for, 58–61

description of making, 55–58

channels, 14

adjustment layers and, 39

alpha, 54–55, 63–64

Curves adjustments, 98–99

duplicating, 70

experiment file, 225–226

multipliers used for, 17

RGB composite, 59, 222

selections using, 54–61

Channels panel, 57, 208, 225

CIE model, 17

Claw technique, 48, 69, 195

clipping display, 264

clipping layers, 38

Clone Stamp tool, 175, 237, 254

Clouds filter, 192

CMYK color space, 17

color

Blend If adjustments, 41–45

converting to grayscale, 31–33, 167–171

Curves adjustments, 29–31

definition of, 13

helper layer for seeing, 179–180

matching, 151–159

perceptual models of, 17

replacing, 136–146

selecting, 57–58

Color Balance adjustment layer, 270–271

black-and-white conversions and, 170

color matching and, 159

color replacement and, 140, 144

color bars project, 215–222

Color blending mode, 336

color cast removal and, 147

color grading and, 126, 127

color matching and, 155

color replacement and, 136–137

dissolve portrait effect and, 209

helper layers and, 176

vignette creation and, 112

Color Burn blending mode, 302–303

color cast removal and, 149

example of math used for, 291

GND filter creation and, 105

reference images, 303

vignette creation and, 112

color cast removal, 146–151, 271

color channels. See channels

Color Dodge blending mode, 310–311

portrait retouching and, 149

reference images, 311

color grading, 126–135

accuracy requirements for, 134

color lookup tables for, 131–135

Gradient Maps for, 129–131

Hue/Saturation adjustments for, 128

Solid Color fill layer for, 126–127

Color Lookup adjustment layer, 275

Candlelight preset, 102

color grading with, 131, 132

mask created for, 65

color lookup tables (CLUTs), 131–135, 160

color matching, 151–159

Color Picker, 155, 180, 245, 265

color ramp, 68, 69, 109, 129, 269–270

Color Range option, 73

color replacement, 136–146

general techniques for, 136–140

specific targets of, 141–146

Color Sampler tool, 142

color samples

saving to library, 155–156

tool for selecting, 142

Color Theory, 13

Colorize option, 270

commutative blending modes, 286

Darken, 298–299

Darker Color, 306–307

Difference, 328–329

Exclusion, 330

Hard Mix, 326–327

Lighten, 308

Lighter Color, 314–315

Linear Burn, 304–305

Linear Dodge, 312–313

Multiply, 299–300

Screen, 309

See also non-commutative blending modes

Component blending mode collection, 333–337

Color blending mode, 336

Hue blending mode, 333–334

Luminosity blending mode, 337

Saturation blending mode, 334–335

composite portrait, 243–244

Constant slider, 274

Content Aware Fill, 236

contrast

Hard Mix, 97–102

increasing, 93, 94

rain effect, 196

reducing, 24

Contrast blending mode collection, 315–327

Hard Light blending mode, 318–319

Hard Mix blending mode, 326–327

Linear Light blending mode, 322–323

Overlay blending mode, 315–316

Pin Light blending mode, 324–325

Soft Light blending mode, 317–318

Vivid Light blending mode, 320–321

Contrast slider, 262

Creative Cloud Library, 112

Creative Console, 10

Crystallize filter, 194, 195

CUBE format, 135

Curves adjustment, 70, 260, 261, 266

Curves adjustment layer, 15–16, 19–28, 266–267

blending modes and, 94–97

channel curves tweaked with, 98–99

color adjustment and, 29–31

color cast removal and, 148

color matching and, 153, 155

color replacement and, 140, 144

Curves adjustment vs., 70

dodging and burning with, 89–91

dragging to library, 155, 156

experiment files, 219–220, 226

gradient adjustments, 23–28, 45

Hard Mix blending mode and, 98, 101

inversion adjustments, 176

Levels adjustment layer vs., 261

Overlay blending mode and, 24, 94, 96

remapping process, 20–22

Screen blending mode and, 95, 96

Solarize curve creation, 178–179

Targeted Adjustment Tool and, 30, 261

Curves panel, 21

Curves Properties panel, 30, 61, 220, 267

D

Darken blending mode, 237, 254, 298–299

Darken blending mode collection, 298–306

Color Burn blending mode, 302–303

Darken blending mode, 298–299

Darker Color blending mode, 306–307

Linear Burn blending mode, 304–305

Multiply blending mode, 299–300

Darker Color blending mode, 306–307

data

pixels as basic, 12

seeing images as, 18

Density slider, 73, 101, 273

desaturating

layers, 69

target areas, 138, 139

Difference blending mode, 67, 68, 328–329

digital image processing, 14–18

DIKW initialism, 12

Dissolve blending mode, 296–297

calculations for, 286

portrait effect, 206–209

distortion effects, 229

Divide blending mode, 332–333

eye retouching and, 122

vignette removal and, 114, 116

dodging and burning, 85–92

best practices for, 91–92

Curves adjustment layers for, 89–91

dedicated tools for, 86

duplicate layers for, 86–87

Overlay blending mode for, 87–89

portrait retouching and, 235

drop shadows, 300

duotone effect, 127

duplicating channels, 70

E

editing

gradients, 62, 160–163

masks, 70, 73, 75–78, 79

effects, 187–209

dissolve portrait effect, 206–209

Orton effect, 188–193

rain and atmosphere, 193–200

stamped portrait, 201–206

Eliot, T. S., 12

Elliptical Marquee tool, 227

Enhance Brightness & Contrast option, 265

Enhance Monochromatic Contrast option, 265

Enhance Per Channel Contrast option, 265

equilateral triangle, 224–227

ergonomic solutions, 11, 163

Exclusion blending mode, 330

experiment files, 6, 33, 214–232

basic color bars, 215–222

best practices for, 216

gradient experiments file, 214–215

hue wheel, 227–228

RGB triangle, 224–227

solving problems with, 228–231, 232

Exposure adjustment layer, 170, 267–268

Exposure slider, 267

eye brightening, 119–122

Eyedropper tool, 113, 155

eyedroppers, 154, 264

eyestrain, 11

F

Fade command, 192

Feather slider, 73, 101

Fill adjustments

blending modes and, 39, 287–289

Gradient Fill, 109, 110, 236, 282–283

Solid Color fill, 126–127, 146, 244, 282

Fill dialog box, 87, 90

Fill slider, 219, 288, 296

filling

layers, 87

selections, 74–75

filters

Add Noise, 122, 194, 195, 230

Average Blur, 147, 148, 150

Camera Raw, 117

Clouds, 192

Crystallize, 194, 195

Find Edges, 54

Graduated Neutral Density, 104–106

High Pass, 250, 316

Lens Correction, 117

Median Blur, 255

Motion Blur, 194, 195

Path Blur, 229, 230

Find Dark & Light Colors option, 265

Find Edges filter, 54

Flat Fan brush, 204, 205

Flat Round Mixer Brush, 206

Foreground to Background gradient, 215

frequency

descriptions of, 248

high vs. low, 248–249

Frequency Separation, 247–255

bit depth related to, 251

high vs. low frequency and, 248–249

portrait retouching and, 237

variations on technique of, 254–255

G

Gamma Correction slider, 267

gamma readout, 263

Gaussian blur

color cast removal and, 150

eye retouching and, 122

mask selections and, 70, 75, 79

Orton effect and, 188–189, 192

rain effect and, 194

skin retouching and, 250, 252

See also blur filters

GND filters, 104–106

Gradient Editor, 160–163

editing with, 62

gradient bar, 160–161

preset creation, 217

Smoothness slider, 20

vignette creation, 109, 110

Gradient Fill adjustment layer, 282–283

portrait retouching and, 236

vignette creation and, 109, 110

Gradient Map adjustment layer, 280–281

adding and working with, 62

color grading with, 129–131

luminosity selections with, 61–65

range selections with, 100–101

zone control with, 163

Gradient Picker, 62

gradient ramp, 109, 113, 131, 163, 280

Gradient tool, 104, 107, 215, 217, 218

gradients

Blend If settings, 43–44

color creation, 29

creating and editing, 62

Curves adjustments, 23–28

experiments file, 214–215

GND filter creation, 104

noise, 281

Posterize adjustments, 20, 23, 28

presets for, 62, 109, 110, 130, 280, 283

vignette creation, 107

zone control, 160–166

Gradients panel, 112, 130, 215

Graduated Neutral Density (GND) filters, 104–106

graphic controls, 19

graphics tablets, 9–10

gray step wedges, 128

grayscale

converting color to, 31–33, 167–171

viewing saturation as, 184

groups

adjustment layer, 140

blending mode of, 74

helper layer, 184

guides

changing color of, 216

dragging into documents, 224

H

Hard Light blending mode, 318–319

Hard Mix blending mode, 326–327

contrast enhancement, 97

Curves adjustment layer and, 98, 101, 226

Levels adjustment layer and, 177

reference images, 327

Healing Brush tool, 237

helper layers, 173–184

color/hue, 179–180

explanation of, 174

grouping, 184

Invert, 175

luminosity, 176–177

naming suggestions, 174

Saturation Mask, 183–184

Solarize, 178–179

Threshold, 181–182

high frequency, 248, 249

High Pass filter, 250, 316

HSB color option, 142

HSL color space, 269

Hue blending mode, 333–334

color grading and, 127

color replacement and, 136

Hue slider, 45, 139, 146, 269

hue wheel/circle, 227–228

Hue/Saturation adjustment layer, 269–270

Blend If settings and, 45

color cast removal with, 148

color grading with, 128

color replacement with, 137, 139–140, 143–144

desaturating target areas with, 139

Orton effect and, 192

reducing saturation with, 102

selections using, 67–71

Targeted Adjustment Tool and, 68, 261, 270

hues

definition of, 13

isolating, 180

ramps for, 269–270

I

ICC Abstract format, 135

image enhancement, 93–97

Info panel, 142, 144

information vs. data, 12

Inversion blending mode collection, 328–333

Difference blending mode, 328–329

Divide blending mode, 332–333

Exclusion blending mode, 330

Subtract blending mode, 331

Invert adjustment layer, 175, 276

K

keyboard, 11

knowledge, 13

L

language note, 13–14

Lasso tool, 70, 76, 252

layer masks. See masks

layer stacks, 15

Layer Style dialog box, 40, 94, 149

layers, 14–15

applying adjustments to, 37

blending controls, 39–48

clipping, 38

desaturating, 69

filling, 87

helper, 173–184

naming, 174

Smart Object, 47, 195

See also adjustment layers

Legacy Gradients, 109, 130

Legacy mode, Brightness/Contrast, 263

Lens Correction filter, 117

Levels adjustment, 260, 261, 263

Levels adjustment layer, 263–266

color matching and, 157

Curves adjustment layer vs., 261

Hue/Saturation selections and, 68–69

inversion adjustments, 177

mask editing using, 75–78, 79

Orton effect and, 192

rain effect and, 199

Libraries panel, 140, 155, 184

Lighten blending mode, 308

rain effect and, 198

skin retouching and, 253

Lighten blending mode collection, 308–315

Color Dodge blending mode, 310–311

Lighten blending mode, 308

Lighter Color blending mode, 314–315

Linear Dodge blending mode, 312–313

Screen blending mode, 309

Lighter Color blending mode, 29, 314–315

lighting, adjustable, 11–12

Lightness slider, 128, 137, 143, 269

lightness vs. brightness, 143

Linear Burn blending mode, 304–305

Orton effect and, 190–191, 192

reference images, 305

Linear Dodge blending mode, 312–313

portrait retouching and, 236

rain effect and, 197

reference images, 313

vignette removal and, 115

linear gradients, 104, 201, 226

Linear Light blending mode, 322–323

low frequency, 248, 249

luminance, 14

luminosity

brightness distinguished from, 14

color channel multipliers and, 17

removing from images, 179

selections based on, 61–65

Luminosity blending mode, 337

Black & White adjustment layer and, 33, 221, 272

color matching process and, 157

experiment file for, 228

Gradient Map adjustment layer and, 163

luminosity removal and, 179

portrait retouching and, 237, 241, 253

Spot Healing Brush and, 253

vignette removal and, 116

luminosity masks, 61

M

Magic Wand tool, 71, 150, 181, 208

manual selections, 54

“marching ants” line, 56

Marquee tool, 218

masks

adjustment layer, 37–38

alpha channels and, 54–55

color replacement using, 138–139

group blending mode for, 78–80

Levels adjustment, 75–78, 79

luminosity, 61

painting, 80–83

promoting, 73–75

proportional, 139

saturation, 183–184

toggling on/off, 72

viewing, 72

Masks Properties panel, 101

matching colors, 151–159

meaning, information and, 13

Median Blur filter, 255

midpoint slider, 117, 199, 263–264, 280

midtone contrast, 24

Mixer Brush tool, 204, 205–206, 252, 254

Monochrome option, 274–275

Monogram Creative Console, 10

Motion Blur filter, 194, 195

Move tool, 217

Multiply blending mode, 299–300

darkening photos with, 93

GND filter creation and, 105, 106

group masking and, 74, 78–80

mask editing and, 70, 73

math used for, 291

Threshold adjustment layer and, 181

N

naming

assets, 216

layers, 174

neutral color blending modes, 287

neutral values, starting with, 169

New Channel icon, 70

New Layer dialog box, 260

noise, adding, 122, 194

noise gradients, 281

non-commutative blending modes, 286–287

Color, 336

Color Burn, 302–303

Color Dodge, 310–311

Divide, 332–333

Hard Light, 318–319

Hue, 333–334

Linear Light, 322–323

Luminosity, 337

Overlay, 315–316

Pin Light, 324–325

Saturation, 334–335

Soft Light, 317–318

Subtract, 331

Vivid Light, 320–321

See also commutative blending modes

Normal blending mode, 296

eye retouching and, 122

group mode as, 74

resetting Brush to, 81

O

Offset slider, 267

Opacity adjustments

blending modes and, 39, 287–289

dissolve portrait effect and, 208

experiment file for, 222

vignette creation and, 110

Opacity slider, 273, 288, 296

Orton effect, 188–193

Orton, Michael, 188

Overlay blending mode, 315–316

contrast increased with, 93, 94

Curves adjustment layer and, 24, 94, 96

dodging and burning with, 87–89

eye retouching and, 120–121

gradient layers and, 44

painting with, 81, 120–121

portrait retouching and, 241, 246

rain effects and, 195–196

stamped portrait effect and, 203

Theshold adjustment layer and, 182

vignette creation and, 111

P

painting

color replacement by, 136–137

eye retouching by, 119–122

masks with blending modes, 80–83

vignettes created by, 112

parametric controls, 19, 20

Pass Through blending mode, 74

Path Blur filter, 229, 230

Pattern adjustment layer, 283

perceptual color models, 17

Photo Filter adjustment layer, 273

Photoshop image processing, 14–18

Pin Light blending mode, 324–325

pixels, data as, 12

Polygonal Lasso tool, 225

portrait effects, 201–209

dissolve portrait, 206–209

stamped portrait, 201–206

portrait retouching, 234–238

basic process for, 234–238

Rembrandt portrait example, 239–247

skin retouching and, 249–254

Posterize adjustment layer, 276

experiment file, 222

gradients and, 20, 23, 28

how it works, 31

Preserve Luminosity checkbox, 271

presets

Black & White, 272

brush tip, 204

Channel Mixer, 273, 275

CLUT, 131, 132, 135

Color Lookup, 275

gradient, 62, 109, 110, 130

Gradient Map, 280, 283

Hue/Saturation, 270

Levels, 264

Photo Filter, 273

previews

calculation results, 59, 60

clipping results, 264

Smart Object effect, 199

tonal variation, 273

problem solving, 228–231, 232

project examples, 213–255

color bars, 215–222

experiment files, 214–232

frequency separation, 247–255

gradient experiments file, 214–215

hue wheel, 227–228

portrait retouching, 234–238

Rembrandt portrait, 239–247

RGB triangle, 224–227

solving problems, 228–231, 232

promoting masks, 73–75

Properties panel, 68, 73, 221, 260, 261

proportional masks, 139

Protect Tones option, 86

Q

quantization, 31

Quick Select tool, 239

R

radial gradients, 107, 114

rain effects, 193–200

ramps

color, 68, 69, 109, 129, 269–270

gradient, 109, 113, 131, 163, 280

Randomize button, 281

range sliders, 270

Raw Linen texture, 205

Rectangular Marquee tool, 217, 224

reference chips, 128

references. See adjustment layers reference; blending modes reference

Relative color adjustments, 279

remapping process, 20–22

Rembrandt portrait project, 239–247

Rembrandt van Rijn, 239

removing

color cast, 146–151

luminosity, 179

vignettes, 113–117

retouching portraits. See portrait retouching

Retouching Toolkit (RTK), 10–11

Reverse option, 109

RGB color space, 17

RGB triangle project, 224–227

Rock, The (Eliot), 12

Roughness slider, 281

S

saturation

desaturating, 69, 138, 139

helper layer for seeing, 183–184

Saturation blending mode, 180, 334–335

Saturation mask, 183–184

Saturation slider, 68, 269

Screen blending mode, 309

Curves adjustment and, 95, 96

lightening photos with, 93, 95

Orton effect and, 191, 192

rain effect and, 199

Threshold adjustment layer and, 182

Select Subject command, 54, 72, 78–79, 236, 239

selections, 54–71

automatic, 54

Boolean, 57, 65

channel, 54–61

filling, 74–75

Gradient Map luminosity, 61–65

Hue/Saturation, 67–71

loading, 73, 74

manual, 54

subject, 78–79, 203

Selective Color adjustment layer, 278–279

black-and-white conversion and, 169–170

color matching and, 158–159

saturation view using, 183–184

selective sharpening, 229

self blends, 39, 220, 226, 310

semi-automated selections, 54

Sensei AI, 54, 239

Sepia Gradient Map, 170

shade, definition of, 13

Sharpen tool, 206

sharpening

High Pass, 250, 316

selective, 229

skin retouching, 249–254

Smart Filters

Black & White, 271

Brightness/Contrast, 262

Channel Mixer, 273

Color Balance, 270

Color Lookup, 275

Curves, 266

Exposure, 267

Gradient Fill, 282

Gradient Map, 280

Hue/Saturation, 269

Invert, 276

Levels, 263

Pattern, 283

Photo Filter, 273

Posterize, 276

Selective Color, 278

Solid Fill, 282

Threshold, 278

Vibrance, 268

Smart Objects, 47, 195, 199

Smoothness slider, 20, 280

Smudge tool, 204–205

Snap Neutral Midtones option, 265

snapping feature, 217

Soft Light blending mode, 317–318

brightening eyes with, 119, 121, 122

contrast increased with, 93

Orton effect and, 192

portrait retouching and, 241

Solarize curve, 178–179

Solid Color fill layer, 282

color grading and, 126–127

color replacement and, 146

portrait retouching and, 244

Solid Fill adjustment layer, 282

solving problems, 228–231, 232

Special 8 blending modes, 287

Color Burn, 302–303

Color Dodge, 310–311

Difference, 328–329

Hard Mix, 326–327

Linear Burn, 304–305

Linear Dodge, 312–313

Linear Light, 322–323

Vivid Light, 320–321

Spot Healing Brush tool, 237, 253

Stamp Merge Visible technique, 48

stamped copies, 48, 69, 151, 195

stamped portrait effect, 201–206

Mixer Brush tool and, 204, 205–206

Smudge tool and, 204–205

technique for setting up, 201–204

Subtract blending mode, 331

T

Target Colors & Clipping option, 265

Targeted Adjustment Tool (TAT)

Black & White adjustment layer and, 261, 272

Curves adjustment layer and, 30, 261

Hue/Saturation adjustment layer and, 68, 261, 270

textures

preserving, 70

rain effect, 196–197

stamped portrait effect, 205

This Layer slider, 42

Threshold adjustment layer, 278

as helper layer, 181–182

stamped portrait effect and, 201–202

Threshold Level slider, 202

tint, definition of, 13

Tint image option, 272

tone, definition of, 13

tools, abstracting, 6–7

Transform Selection option, 224

transparency, trapping, 46–47

triangle creation, 224–227

U

Underlying Layer slider, 43, 45, 117

V

value, brightness as, 13

Vibrance adjustment layer, 268

viewing

masks, 72

saturation, 183–184

vignette slider, 117

vignettes, 106–117

adding, 106–113

removing, 113–117

Vivid Light blending mode, 320–321

portrait retouching and, 244

reference images, 321

W

Wacom tablets, 9–10, 204

wisdom, molding knowledge into, 13

workbench files. See experiment files

Z

zone control, 160–166