4.2.2.1.1 Subpart F—Ultra-Wideband Operation (Unlicensed UWB Transmission Systems)

Section 15.501 Scope

This subpart sets out the regulations for unlicensed ultra-wideband transmission systems. Section 15.503 Definitions.

1. UWB Bandwidth. For the purpose of this subpart, the UWB bandwidth is the frequency band bounded by the points that are 10 dB below the highest radiated emission, as based on the complete transmission system including the antenna. The upper boundary is designated f_H and the lower boundary is designated f_L. The frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs is designated f_ss.

2. Center frequency. The center frequency, f_C, equals (f_H - f_L)/2.

3. Fractional bandwidth. The fractional bandwidth equals 2(f_H - f_L)/(f_H + f_L).

4. Ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitter. An intentional radiator that, at any point in time, has a fractional bandwidth equal to or greater than 0.20 or has a UWB bandwidth equal to or greater than 500 MHz, regardless of the fractional bandwidth.

5. Imaging system. A general category consisting of ground penetrating radar systems, medical imaging systems, wall imaging systems through-wall imaging systems and surveillance systems. As used in this subpart, imaging systems do not include systems designed to detect the location of tags or systems used to transfer voice or data information.

6. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. A field disturbance sensor that is designed to operate only when in contact with, or within one meter of, the ground for the purpose of detecting or obtaining the images of buried objects or determining the physical properties within the ground. The energy from the GPR is intentionally directed down into the ground for this purpose.

7. Medical imaging system. A field disturbance sensor that is designed to detect the location or movement of objects within the body of a person or animal.

8. Wall imaging system. A field disturbance sensor that is designed to detect the location of objects contained within a “wall” or to determine the physical properties within the “wall.” The “wall” is a concrete structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical structure that is dense enough and thick enough to absorb the majority of the signal transmitted by the imaging system. This category of equipment does not include products such as “stud locators” that are designed to locate objects behind gypsum, plaster or similar walls that are not capable of absorbing the transmitted signal.

9. Through-wall imaging system. A field disturbance sensor that is designed to detect the location or movement of persons or objects that are located on the other side of an opaque structure such as a wall or a ceiling. This category of equipment may include products such as “stud locators” that are designed to locate objects behind gypsum, plaster or similar walls that are not thick enough or dense enough to absorb the transmitted signal.

10. Surveillance system. A field disturbance sensor used to establish a stationary RF perimeter field that is used for security purposes to detect the intrusion of persons or objects.

11. EIRP. Equivalent isotropically radiated power, i.e., the product of the power supplied to the antenna and the antenna gain in a given direction relative to an isotropic antenna. The EIRP, in terms of dBm, can be converted to field strength, in dBμV/m at 3 meters, by adding 95.2 dB. As used in this subpart, EIRP refers to the highest signal strength measured in any direction and at any frequency from the UWB device, as tested in accordance with the procedures specified in Sections 15.31(a) and 15.523 of this chapter.

12. Law enforcement, fire and emergency rescue organizations. As used in this subpart, this refers to those parties eligible to obtain a license from the FCC under the eligibility requirements specified in Section 90.20(a)(1) of this chapter.

13. Hand held. As used in this subpart, a hand held device is a portable device, such as a lap top computer or a PDA, that is, primarily hand held while being operated and that does not employ a fixed infrastructure.

Section 15.505 Cross Reference

1. Except where specifically stated otherwise within this subpart, the provisions of Subparts A and B and of Sections 15.201 through 15.204 and Section 15.207 of Subpart C of this part apply to unlicensed UWB intentional radiators. The provisions of Sections 15.35(c) and 15.205 do not apply to devices operated under this subpart. The provisions of Footnote US 246 to the Table of Frequency Allocations contained in Section 2.106 of this chapter does not apply to devices operated under this subpart.

2. The requirements of Subpart F apply only to the radio transmitter, i.e., the intentional radiator, contained in the UWB device. Other aspects of the operation of a UWB device may be subject to requirements contained elsewhere in this chapter. In particular, a UWB device that contains digital circuitry not directly associated with the operation of the transmitter also is subject to the requirements for unintentional radiators in Subpart B of this chapter. Similarly, an associated receiver that operates (tunes) within the frequency range 30 MHz to 960 MHz is subject to the requirements in Subpart B of this chapter.

Section 15.507 Marketing of UWB Equipment

In some cases, the operation of UWB devices is limited to specific parties, e.g., law enforcement, fire and rescue organizations operating under the auspices of a state or local government. The marketing of UWB devices must be directed solely to parties eligible to operate the equipment. The responsible party, as defined in Section 2.909 of this chapter, is responsible for ensuring that the equipment is marketed only to eligible parties. Marketing of the equipment in any other manner may be considered grounds for revocation of the grant of certification issued for the equipment.

4.2.2.1.2 Extract “Section 15.509 Technical Requirements for Ground Penetrating Radars and Wall Imaging Systems”

1. The UWB bandwidth of an imaging system operating under the provisions of this section must be below 10.6 GHz.

2. Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to GPRs and wall imaging systems operated for purposes associated with law enforcement, fire fighting, emergency rescue, scientific research, commercial mining, or construction.

   1. Parties operating this equipment must be eligible for licensing under the provisions of Part 90 of this chapter.

   2. The operation of imaging systems under this section requires coordination, as detailed in Section 15.525 of this part.

3. A GPR that is designed to be operated while being hand held and a wall imaging system shall contain a manually operated switch that causes the transmitter to cease operation within 10 seconds of being released by the operator. In lieu of a switch located on the imaging system, it is permissible to operate an imaging system by remote control provided the imaging system ceases transmission within 10 seconds of the remote switch being released by the operator.

4. The radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the emission levels in Section 15.209. The radiated emissions above 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz.

Editor’s Note: The Section 15.209 referenced in 4.2.2.1.2 (d) covers all transmitters operating above 9 kHz. Table 4.2 summarizes the requirements of Section 15.209, which states:

Section 15.209 contains general radiated emission (signal strength) limits that apply to all Part 15 transmitters using frequencies at 9 kHz and above. There are also a number of restricted bands in which low power, non-licensed transmitters are not allowed to operate because of potential interference to sensitive radio communications such as aircraft radionavigation, radio astronomy and search and rescue operations. If a particular transmitter can comply with the general radiated limits, and at the same time avoid operating in one of the restricted bands, then it can use any type of modulation (AM, FM, PCM, etc.) for any purpose. With the exception of intermittent and periodic transmissions, and biomedical telemetry devices, Part 15 transmitters are not permitted to operate in the TV broadcast band.

Figure 4.1 summarizes the FCC restriction for GPR and WPR transmitters equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) measured with a 1-MHz bandwidth:

For UWB devices where the frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs, f_M, is above 960 MHz, there is a limit on the peak level of the emissions contained within a 50 MHz bandwidth centered on f_M. That limit is 0 dBm EIRP. It is acceptable to employ a different resolution bandwidth, and a correspondingly different peak emission limit, following the procedures described in Section 15.521.

4.2.2.1.3 Extract “Section 15.510 Technical Requirements for Through-Wall Imaging Systems”

1. The UWB bandwidth of an imaging system operating under the provisions of this section must be below 960 MHz or the center frequency, f_C, and the frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs, f_M, must be contained between 1990 MHz and 10600 MHz.

2. Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to through-wall imaging systems operated by law enforcement, emergency rescue or firefighting organizations that are under the authority of a local or state government.

3. For through-wall imaging systems operating with the UWB bandwidth below 960 MHz:

   1. Parties operating this equipment must be eligible for licensing under the provisions of Part 90 of this chapter.

   2. The operation of these imaging systems requires coordination, as detailed in Section 15.525.

   3. The imaging system shall contain a manually operated switch that causes the transmitter to cease operation within 10 seconds of being released by the operator. In lieu of a switch located on the imaging system, it is permissible to operate an imaging system by remote control provided the imaging system ceases transmission within 10 seconds of the remote switch being released by the operator.

   4. The radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz shall not exceed the emission levels in Section 15.209. The radiated emissions above 960 MHz shall not exceed the following average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz:

      Figure 4.2 summarizes the EIRP limits for the through-wall imaging systems.

      

      FIGURE 4.2
      Measured radiated power and spectrum limits of American FCC 15.510 regulations for through-wall UWB imaging systems. (Adapted from Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 02-48. Revision of part 15 of the commission’s rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems. ET Docket 98-153. Released April 22, 2002.)

4. For equipment operating with f_C and f_M between 1990 MHz and 10600 MHz:

   1. Parties operating this equipment must hold a license issued by the Federal Communications Commission to operate a transmitter in the Public Safety Radio Pool under Part 90 of this chapter. The license may be held by the organization for which the UWB operator works on a paid or volunteer basis.

   2. This equipment may be operated only for law enforcement applications, the providing of emergency services, and necessary training operations.

   3. The radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz shall not exceed the emission levels in Section 15.209 of this chapter. The radiated emissions above 960 MHz shall not exceed the following average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz.

      Figure 4.3 summarizes the spectrum requirements for special through-wall systems operating between 1990 and 10,600 MHz.

      

      FIGURE 4.3
      Measured radiated power and spectrum limits of American FCC 15.510 regulations for through-wall imaging systems UWB spectrum for systems operating between 1990 and 10,600 MHz. (Adapted from Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 02-48. Revision of part 15 of the commission’s rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems. ET Docket 98-153. Released April 22, 2002.)

   4. (4) There is a limit on the peak level of the emissions contained within a 50 MHz bandwidth centered on the frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs, f_M. That limit is 0 dBm EIRP. It is acceptable to employ a different resolution bandwidth, and a correspondingly different peak emission limit, following the procedures described in Section 15.521.

5. Through-wall imaging systems operating under the provisions of this section shall bear the following or similar statement in a conspicuous location on the device:

   Operation of this device is restricted to law enforcement, emergency rescue and firefighter personnel. Operation by any other party is a violation of 47 U.S.C. 301 and could subject the operator to serious legal penalties.

4.2.2.1.4 Extract “Section 15.511 Technical Requirements for Surveillance Systems”

1. The UWB bandwidth of an imaging system operating under the provisions of this section must be contained between 1990 MHz and 10,600 MHz.

2. “Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to fixed surveillance systems operated by law enforcement, fire or emergency rescue organizations or by manufacturers licensees, petroleum licensees or power licensees as defined in Section 90.7 of this chapter.

   1. Parties operating under the provisions of this section must be eligible for licensing under the provisions of Part 90 of this chapter.

   2. The operation of imaging systems under this section requires coordination, as detailed in Section 15.525.

3. The radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the emission levels in Section 15.209. The radiated emissions above 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz.

   Figure 4.4 summarizes the requirements for UWB surveillance systems.

4. There is a limit on the peak level of the emissions contained within a 50 MHz bandwidth centered on the frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs, f_M. That limit is 0 dBm EIRP. It is acceptable to employ a different resolution bandwidth, and a correspondingly different peak emission limit, following the procedures described in Section 15.521.

5. Imaging systems operating under the provisions of this section shall bear the following or similar statement in a conspicuous location on the device:

   Operation of this device is restricted to law enforcement, fire and rescue officials, public utilities, and industrial entities. Operation by any other party is a violation of 47 U.S.C. 301 and could subject the operator to serious legal penalties.

4.2.2.1.5 Extract “Section 15.513 Technical Requirements for Medical Imaging Systems”

The UWB bandwidth of an imaging system operating under the provisions of this section must be contained between 3100 MHz and 10,600 MHz.

Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to medical imaging systems used at the direction of, or under the supervision of, a licensed health care practitioner. The operation of imaging systems under this section requires coordination, as detailed in Section 15.525. A medical imaging system shall contain a manually operated switch that causes the transmitter to cease operation within 10 seconds of being released by the operator. In lieu of a switch located on the imaging system, it is permissible to operate an imaging system by remote control provided the imaging system ceases transmission within 10 seconds of the remote switch being released by the operator.

The radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the emission levels in Section 15.209. The radiated emissions above 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz.

Figure 4.5 summarizes the requirements for UWB medical imaging systems.

4.2.2.1.6 Extract “Section 15.515 Technical Requirements for Vehicular Radar Systems”

1. Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to UWB field disturbance sensors mounted in terrestrial transportation vehicles. These devices shall operate only when the vehicle is operating, e.g., the engine is running. Operation shall occur only upon specific activation, such as upon starting the vehicle, changing gears, or engaging a turn signal.

   

   FIGURE 4.5
   Measured radiated power and spectrum limits of American FCC 15.510 regulations for medical imaging systems UWB measured spectrum. UWB measured radiated spectrum limits. Emissions must be contained between 3100 MHz and 10,600 MHz. (Adapted from Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 02-48. Revision of part 15 of the commission’s rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems. ET Docket 98-153. Released April 22, 2002.)

2. The UWB bandwidth of a vehicular radar system operating under the provisions of this section shall be contained between 22 GHz and 29 GHz. In addition, the center frequency, f_C, and the frequency at which the highest level emission occurs, f_M, must be greater than 24.075 GHz.

3. Following proper installation, vehicular radar systems shall attenuate any emissions within the 23.6-24.0 GHz band that appear 38 degrees or greater above the horizontal plane by 25 dB below the limit specified in paragraph (d) of this section. For equipment authorized, manufactured or imported on or after January 1, 2005, this level of attenuation shall be 25 dB for any emissions within the 23.6-24.0 GHz band that appear 30 degrees or greater above the horizontal plane. For equipment authorized, manufactured or imported on or after January 1, 2010, this level of attenuation shall be 30 dB for any emissions within the 23.6-24.0 GHz band that appear 30 degrees or greater above the horizontal plane. For equipment authorized, manufactured or imported on or after January 1, 2014, this level of attenuation shall be 35 dB for any emissions within the 23.6-24.0 GHz band that appear 30 degrees or greater above the horizontal plane. This level of attenuation can be achieved through the antenna directivity, through a reduction in output power or any other means.

4. The radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the emission levels in Section 15.209. The radiated emissions above 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz.

   Figure 4.6 summarizes the requirements for UWB vehicular systems.

4.2.2.1.7 Extract “Section 15.517 Technical Requirements for Indoor UWB Systems”

1. Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to UWB transmitters employed solely for indoor operation.

   1. Indoor UWB devices, by the nature of their design, must be capable of operation only indoors. The necessity to operate with a fixed indoor infrastructure, e.g., a transmitter that must be connected to the AC power lines, may be considered sufficient to demonstrate this.

   2. The emissions from equipment operated under this section shall not be intentionally directed outside of the building in which the equipment is located, such as through a window or a doorway, to perform an outside function, such as the detection of persons about to enter a building.

   3. The use of outdoor mounted antennas, e.g., antennas mounted on the outside of a building or on a telephone pole, or any other outdoors infrastructure is prohibited.

   4. Field disturbance sensors installed inside of metal or underground storage tanks are considered to operate indoors provided the emissions are directed towards the ground.

   5. A communications system shall transmit only when the intentional radiator is sending information to an associated receiver.

2. The UWB bandwidth of a UWB system operating under the provisions of this section must be contained between 3100 MHz and 10,600 MHz.

3. The radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the emission levels in Section 15.209. The radiated emissions above 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz:

   Figure 4.7 summarizes the requirements for indoor UWB systems.

4.2.2.1.8 “Section 15.519 Technical Requirements for Handheld UWB Systems”

1. UWB devices operating under the provisions of this section must be hand held, i.e., they are relatively small devices that are primarily hand held while being operated and do not employ a fixed infrastructure.

   1. A UWB device operating under the provisions of this section shall transmit only when it is sending information to an associated receiver. The UWB intentional radiator shall cease transmission within 10 seconds unless it receives an acknowledgement from the associated receiver that its transmission is being received. An acknowledgment of reception must continue to be received by the UWB intentional radiator at least every 10 seconds or the UWB device must cease transmitting.

      

      FIGURE 4.7
      Measured radiated power and spectrum limits of American FCC 15.510 regulations for indoor UWB systems measured spectrum limits. Intended for systems operating with a fixed indoor infrastructure without any intentional outside emissions. (Adapted from 47 U.S.C. Sections 154, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 336, and 544A.)

   2. The use of antennas mounted on outdoor structures, e.g., antennas mounted on the outside of a building or on a telephone pole, or any fixed outdoors infrastructure is prohibited. Antennas may be mounted only on the hand held UWB device.

   3. UWB devices operating under the provisions of this section may operate indoors or outdoors.

2. The UWB bandwidth of a device operating under the provisions of this section must be contained between 3100 MHz and 10,600 MHz.

3. The radiated emissions at or below 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the emission levels in Section 15.209. The radiated emissions above 960 MHz from a device operating under the provisions of this section shall not exceed the following average limits when measured using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz

   Figure 4.8 summarizes the requirements for handheld UWB devices.

   

   FIGURE 4.8
   Measured radiated power and spectrum limits of American FCC 15.510 regulations for handheld device UWB measured spectrum limits. Intended for small handheld devices operating indoors or outdoors without any fixed infrastructure. (Adapted from Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 02-48. Revision of part 15 of the commission’s rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems. ET Docket 98-153. Released April 22, 2002.)

4.2.2.1.9 Extract “Section 15.521 Technical Requirements Applicable to All UWB Devices”

1. UWB devices may not be employed for the operation of toys. Operation onboard an aircraft, a ship or a satellite is prohibited.

2. Manufacturers and users are reminded of the provisions of Sections 15.203 and 15.204.

3. Emissions from digital circuitry used to enable the operation of the UWB transmitter shall comply with the limits in Section 15.209 of this chapter, rather than the limits specified in this subpart, provided it can be clearly demonstrated that those emissions from the UWB device are due solely to emissions from digital circuitry contained within the transmitter and that the emissions are not intended to be radiated from the transmitter’s antenna. Emissions from associated digital devices, as defined in Section 15.3(k) of this chapter, e.g., emissions from digital circuitry used to control additional functions or capabilities other than the UWB transmission, are subject to the limits contained in Subpart B of Part 15 of this chapter.

4. Within the tables in Sections 15.509, 15.511, 15.513, 15.515, 15.517, and 15.519, the tighter emission limit applies at the band edges. Radiated emission levels at and below 960 MHz are based on measurements employing a CISPR quasi-peak detector. Radiated emission levels above 960 MHz are based on RMS average measurements over a 1 MHz resolution bandwidth. The RMS average measurement is based on the use of a spectrum analyzer with a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, an RMS detector, and a 1 millisecond or less averaging time. Unless otherwise stated, if pulse gating is employed where the transmitter is quiescent for intervals that are long compared to the nominal pulse repetition interval, measurements shall be made with the pulse train gated on. Alternative measurement procedures may be considered by the Commission.

   [The reference to a 1 millisecond or less averaging time denotes the integration time period for each bin on the spectrum analyzer. The analyzer sweep time/number of bins must not exceed one millisecond. Trace averaging should not be used in making the RMS measurements.]

5. The frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs, f_M, must be contained within the UWB bandwidth.

6. Imaging systems may be employed only for the type of information exchange described in their specific definitions contained in Section 15.503. The detection of tags or the transfer or data or voice information is not permitted under the standards for imaging systems.

7. When a peak measurement is required, it is acceptable to use a resolution bandwidth other than the 50 MHz specified in this subpart. This resolution bandwidth shall not be lower than 1 MHz or greater than 50 MHz, and the measurement shall be centered on the frequency at which the highest radiated emission occurs, f_M. If a resolution bandwidth other than 50 MHz is employed, the peak EIRP limit shall be 20 log (RBW/50) dBm where RBW is the resolution bandwidth in megahertz that is employed. This may be converted to a peak field strength level at 3 meters using E(dBμV/m) = P(dBm EIRP). If RBW is greater than 3 MHz, the application for certification filed with the Commission must contain a detailed description of the test procedure, calibration of the test setup, and the instrumentation employed in the testing.

8. The highest frequency employed in Section 15.33 to determine the frequency range over which radiated measurements are made shall be based on the center frequency, f, unless a higher frequency is generated within the UWB device. For measuring emission levels, the spectrum shall be investigated from the lowest frequency generated in the UWB transmitter, without going below 9 kHz, up to the frequency range shown in Section 15.33(a) or up to f_C + 3/(pulse width in seconds) whichever is higher. There is no requirement to measure emissions beyond 40 GHz provided f_C is less than 10 GHz; beyond 100 GHz if f_C is at or above 10 GHz and below 30 GHz; or beyond 200 GHz if f_C is at or above 30 GHz.

9. The prohibition in Sections 2.201(f) and 15.5(d) of this chapter against Class B (damped wave) emissions does not apply to UWB devices operating under this subpart.

10. Responsible parties are reminded of the other standards and requirements incorporated by reference in Section 15.505, such as a limit on emissions conducted onto the AC power lines.

4.2.2.1.10 Extract “Section 15.523 Measurement Procedures”

Measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified by the Commission. Section 15.525 Coordination requirements.

1. UWB imaging systems require coordination through the FCC before the equipment may be used. The operator shall comply with any constraints on equipment usage resulting from this coordination.

2. The users of UWB imaging devices shall supply operational areas to the FCC Office of Engineering and Technology, which shall coordinate this information with the Federal Government through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration. The information provided by the UWB operator shall include the name, address and other pertinent contact information of the user, the desired geographical area(s) of operation, and the FCC ID number and other nomenclature of the UWB device. If the imaging device is intended to be used for mobile applications, the geographical area(s) of operation may be the state(s) or county(ies) in which the equipment will be operated. The operator of an imaging system used for fixed operation shall supply a specific geographical location or the address at which the equipment will be operated. This material shall be submitted to the following address:

   Frequency Coordination Branch

   OET Federal Communications Commission

   445 12^th Street, SW

   Washington, D.C. 20554

   Attn: UWB Coordination

3. The manufacturers, or their authorized sales agents, must inform purchasers and users of their systems of the requirement to undertake detailed coordination of operational areas with the FCC prior to the equipment being operated.

4. Users of authorized, coordinated UWB systems may transfer them to other qualified users and to different locations upon coordination of change of ownership or location to the FCC and coordination with existing authorized operations.

5. The FCC/NTIA coordination report shall identify those geographical areas within which the operation of an imaging system requires additional coordination or within which the operation of an imaging system is prohibited. If additional coordination is required for operation within specific geographical areas, a local coordination contact will be provided. Except for operation within these designated areas, once the information requested on the UWB imaging system is submitted to the FCC no additional coordination with the FCC is required provided the reported areas of operation do not change. If the area of operation changes, updated information shall be submitted to the FCC following the procedure in paragraph (b) of this section.

4.2.2.1.11 Extract “Section 15.615 General Administrative Requirements”

1. The provisions of subparts A and B of this part apply to Access BPL devices, except where specifically noted. The provisions of subparts C-F of this part do not apply to Access (Broadband over Power Lines) BPL devices except where specifically noted.

2. The requirements of this subpart apply only to the radio circuitry that is used to provide carrier current operation for the Access BPL device. Other aspects of the operation of an Access BPL device may be subject to requirements contained elsewhere in this chapter. In particular, an Access BPL device that includes digital circuitry that is not used solely to enable the operation of the radio frequency circuitry used to provide carrier current operation also is subject to the requirements for unintentional radiators in subpart B.

4.2.2.2.1 Extract Section 15.5—“General Conditions of Operation”

1. Persons operating intentional or unintentional radiators shall not be deemed to have any vested or recognizable right to continued use of any given frequency by virtue of prior registration or certification of equipment, or, for power line carrier systems, on the basis of prior notification of use pursuant to Section 90.63(g) of this chapter. [Should reference Section 90.35(g).]

2. Operation of an intentional, unintentional, or incidental radiator is subject to the conditions that no harmful interference is caused and that interference must be accepted that may be caused by the operation of an authorized radio station, by another intentional or unintentional radiator, by industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) equipment, or by an incidental radiator.

3. The operator of a radio frequency device shall be required to cease operating the device upon notification by a Commission representative that the device is causing harmful interference. Operation shall not resume until the condition causing the harmful interference has been corrected. Intentional radiators that produce Class B emissions (damped wave) are prohibited.

4.2.2.2.2 Extract of “FCC Section 15.31 Measurement Standards”

1. The following measurement procedures are used by the Commission to determine compliance with the technical requirements in this part. Except where noted, copies of these procedures are available from the Commission’s current duplicating contractor whose name and address are available from the Commission’s Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau at 1-888-CALL FCC (1-888-225-5322).

   1. FCC/OET MP-2: Measurement of UHF Noise Figures of TV Receivers.

   2. Unlicensed Personal Communication Service (UPCS) devices are to be measured for compliance using ANSI C63.17-1998: “Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal Communications Services (UPCS) Devices”, (incorporated by reference, see § 15.38). This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51

      TABLE 4.3
      Other FCC Regulations Applicable to UWB Systems

      

   3. Other intentional and unintentional radiators are to be measured for compliance using the following procedure excluding sections 4.1.5.2, 5.7, 9 and 14: ANSI C63.4-2003: “Methods of Measurement of Radio-Noise Emissions from Low-Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz” (incorporated by reference, see § 15.38). This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51.

NOTE to Paragraph (a)(3): Digital devices tested to show compliance with the provisions of § § 15.107(e) and 15.109(g) must be tested following the ANSI C63.4 procedure described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.

“[As stated in the adopting R&O, ANSI C63.4 is not used for measurements below 30 MHz.]”

4.2.2.2.3 Extract “Section 15.33 Frequency Range of Radiated Measurements”

1. Unless otherwise noted in the specific rule section under which the equipment operates for an intentional radiator the spectrum shall be investigated from the lowest radio frequency signal generated in the device, without going below 9 kHz, up to at least the frequency shown in this paragraph:

   1. If the intentional radiator operates below 10 GHz: to the tenth harmonic of the highest fundamental frequency or to 40 GHz, whichever is lower.

   2. If the intentional radiator operates at or above 10 GHz and below 30 GHz: to the fifth harmonic of the highest fundamental frequency or to 100 GHz, whichever is lower.

   3. If the intentional radiator operates at or above 30 GHz: to the fifth harmonic of the highest fundamental frequency or to 200 GHz, whichever is lower, unless specified otherwise elsewhere in the rules.

   4. If the intentional radiator contains a digital device, regardless of whether this digital device controls the functions of the intentional radiator or the digital device is used for additional control or function purposes other than to enable the operation of the intentional radiator, the frequency range shall be investigated up to the range specified in paragraphs (a)(1)-(a)(3) of this section or the range applicable to the digital device, as shown in paragraph (b)(1) of this Section, whichever is the higher frequency range of investigation.”

2. For unintentional radiators:

   Except as otherwise indicated in paragraphs (b)(2) or (b)(3), for an unintentional radiator, including a digital device, the spectrum shall be investigated from the lowest radio frequency signal generated or used in the device, without going below the lowest frequency for which a radiated emission limit is specified, up to the frequency shown in the following table” (See Table 4.4.)

   (5) Except for a CB receiver, a receiver employing superheterodyne techniques shall be investigated from 30 MHz up to at least the second harmonic of the highest local oscillator frequency generated in the device. If such receiver is controlled by a digital device, the frequency range shall be investigated up to the higher of the second harmonic of the highest local oscillator frequency generated in the device or the upper frequency of the measurement range specified for the digital device in paragraph (b)(1) of this Section.

   TABLE 4.4
   FCC Unintentional Radiation Measurement Ranges

   Highest Frequency Generated or Used in the Device or on Which the Device Operates or Tunes (MHz)	Upper Frequency of Measurement Range (mHz)
   Below 1.705	30
   1.705-1.08	1000
   108-500	2000
   500-1000	5000
   Above 1000	Fifth harmonic of the highest frequency or 40 GHz, whichever is lower

   Source: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 02–48. Revision of part 15 of the commission’s rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems. ET Docket 98–153. Released April 22, 2002.

3. The above specified frequency ranges of measurements apply to the measurement of radiated emissions and, in the case of receivers, the measurement to demonstrate compliance with the antenna conduction limits specified in Section 15.111. The frequency range of measurements for AC power line conducted limits is specified in Sections 15.107 and 15.207 and applies to all equipment subject to those regulations. In some cases, depending on the frequency(ies) generated and used by the equipment, only signals conducted onto the AC power lines are required to be measured.

4. Particular attention should be paid to harmonics and subharmonics of the fundamental frequency as well as to those frequencies removed from the fundamental by multiples of the oscillator frequency. Radiation at the frequencies of multiplier stages should also be checked.

4.2.2.2.4 Extract of “Section 15.201 Equipment Authorization Requirement”

1. Intentional radiators operated as carrier current systems, devices operated under the provisions of §§ 15.211, 15.213 and 15.221, and devices operating below 490 kHz in which all emissions are at least 40 dB below the limits in Section 15.209 shall be verified pursuant to the procedures in Subpart J of Part 2 of this Chapter prior to marketing.

2. Except as otherwise exempted in paragraph (c) of this Section and in Section 15.23 of this Part, all intentional radiators operating under the provisions of this Part shall be certificated by the Commission pursuant to the procedures in Subpart J of Part 2 of this Chapter prior to marketing.

3. For devices such as perimeter protection systems which, in accordance with Section 15.31(d), are required to be measured at the installation site, each application for certification must be accompanied by a statement indicating that the system has been tested at three installations and found to comply at each installation. Until such time as certification is granted, a given installation of a system that was measured for the submission for certification will be considered to be in compliance with the provisions of this Chapter, including the marketing regulations in Subpart I of Part 2, if tests at that installation show the system to be in compliance with the relevant technical requirements. Similarly, where measurements must be performed on site for equipment subject to verification, a given installation that has been verified to demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards will be considered to be in compliance with the provisions of this Chapter, including the marketing regulations in Subpart I of Part 2.

4.2.2.2.5 Extract “Section 15.202 Certified Operating Frequency Range”

Client devices that operate in a master/client network may be certified if they have the capability of operating outside permissible Part 15 frequency bands, provided they operate on only permissible Part 15 frequencies under the control of the master device with which they communicate. Master devices marketed within the United States must be limited to operation on permissible Part 15 frequencies. Client devices that can also act as master devices must meet the requirements of a master device. For the purposes of this section, a master device is defined as a device operating in a mode in which it has the capability to transmit without receiving an enabling signal. In this mode it is able to select a channel and initiate a network by sending enabling signals to other devices. A network always has at least one device operating in master mode. A client device is defined as a device operating in a mode in which the transmissions of the device are under control of the master. A device in client mode is not able to initiate a network.

4.2.2.2.6 Extract “Section 15.203 Antenna Requirement”

An intentional radiator shall be designed to ensure that no antenna other than that furnished by the responsible party shall be used with the device. The use of a permanently attached antenna or of an antenna that uses a unique coupling to the intentional radiator shall be considered sufficient to comply with the provisions of this Section. The manufacturer may design the unit so that a broken antenna can be replaced by the user, but the use of a standard antenna jack or electrical connector is prohibited. This requirement does not apply to carrier current devices or to devices operated under the provisions of Sections 15.211, 15.213, 15.217, 15.219, or 15.221. Further, this requirement does not apply to intentional radiators that must be professionally installed, such as perimeter protection systems and some field disturbance sensors, or to other intentional radiators which, in accordance with Section 15.31(d), must be measured at the installation site. However, the installer shall be responsible for ensuring that the proper antenna is employed so that the limits in this Part are not exceeded.

4.2.2.2.7 Extract “Section 15.204 External Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers and Antenna Modifications”

1. Except as otherwise described in paragraph (b) and (d) of this section, no person shall use, manufacture, sell or lease, offer for sale or lease (including advertising for sale or lease), or import, ship, or distribute for the purpose of selling or leasing, any external radio frequency power amplifier or amplifier kit intended for use with a Part 15 intentional radiator.

2. A transmission system consisting of an intentional radiator, an external radio frequency power amplifier, and an antenna, may be authorized, marketed and used under this part. Except as described otherwise in this section, when a transmission system is authorized as a system, it must always be marketed as a complete system and must always be used in the configuration in which it was authorized. [Note-the system referenced in the latter sentence may or may not include an amplifier.]

4.2.2.2.8 Extract “Section 15.207 Conducted Limits”

4.2.2.2.9 Extract “Section 15.209 Radiated Emission Limits, General Requirements”

1. Except as provided elsewhere in this Subpart, the emissions from an intentional radiator shall not exceed the field strength levels specified in the following table [Table 4.5]:

   In the emission table above, the tighter limit applies at the band edges.

2. The level of any unwanted emissions from an intentional radiator operating under these general provisions shall not exceed the level of the fundamental emission. For intentional radiators which operate under the provisions of other Sections within this Part and which are required to reduce their unwanted emissions to the limits specified in this table, the limits in this table are based on the frequency of the unwanted emission and not the fundamental frequency. However, the level of any unwanted emissions shall not exceed the level of the fundamental frequency.

   TABLE 4.5
   FCC Field Strength Limits for Intentional Radiators

   

3. The emission limits shown in the above table are based on measurements employing a CISPR quasi-peak detector except for the frequency bands 9-90 kHz, 110-490 kHz and above 1000 MHz. Radiated emission limits in these three bands are based on measurements employing an average detector.

4. The provisions in Sections 15.31, 15.33, and 15.35 for measuring emissions at distances other than the distances specified in the above table, determining the frequency range over which radiated emissions are to be measured, and limiting peak emissions apply to all devices operated under this Part.

4.2.2.2.10 Extract “Section 15.521 Technical Requirements Applicable to All UWB Devices”

4.2.2.2.11 Extract “Section 15.523 Measurement Procedures”

Measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified by the Commission.

4.2.2.2.12 Extract “Section 15.525 Coordination Requirements”

4.3.3.6.1 Regulations for LDC Devices

1. Introduction

This ECC Decision has been developed in response to an EC mandate to CEPT to identify the conditions relating to the harmonised introduction in the European Union of radio applications based on ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. CEPT was mandated to undertake all the necessary work to identify the most appropriate criteria for the timely and harmonised introduction of UWB applications in the European Union. This ECC Decision supplements Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 amended 6 July 2007 on the harmonised conditions for devices using UWB technology in bands below 10.6 GHz and defines conditions of use applicable to UWB devices implementing Low Duty Cycle (LDC) or Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation techniques.

2. Background

The frequency band 6-8.5 GHz has been identified in Europe for long-term UWB operation with a maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz and a maximum peak e.i.r.p. of 0 dBm measured in a 50MHz bandwidth without the requirement for additional mitigation.

In the frequency band 3.1-4.8 GHz and 8.5-9 GHz, ECC has investigated DAA (Detect And Avoid) and LDC (Low Duty Cycle) mitigation techniques in order to ensure the protection of BWA terminals and applications in the radiolocation services, with a view of allowing UWB devices in the band 3.1-4.8 GHz and 8.5-9 GHz with maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz.

Particular attention was paid to Detect and Avoid (DAA) mechanisms, which detect the presence of signals from other radio systems (such as fixed broadband wireless access and mobile services) and reduce the transmitted power of the UWB device down to a level where it does not cause interference to indoor reception of these systems.

ECC Reports 94 and 120 developed in support of this Decision do not address the protection of outdoor stations of radio services such as FS and FSS in the bands 3.4-4.2 GHz and 4.5-4.8 GHz. Complementary technical studies presented in CEPT Report 9 (using different propagation models and assuming 100% of UWB devices operating indoor with an average 1% activity factor) in support of Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 provide some level of confidence regarding their protection from UWB devices transmitting with a maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz. However, as the strict prohibition of outdoor use cannot effectively be enforced in case of mobile or portable license-exempt devices, this regulation includes provisions aiming to minimise UWB being used outdoor. During the development of this Decision, some countries underlined that they consider possible deployment in the future of passive radars operating in the band 8.5-9 GHz and that the effectiveness of DAA to protect these systems has not been studied on supplementary regulatory provisions to Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 for UWB devices using mitigation techniques

The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations, considering

1. Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 amended 6 July 2007 on the harmonised conditions for devices using UWB technology in bands below 10.6 GHz;

2. that the frequency range below 4.8 GHz has advantages for UWB, because of the lower path loss compared to the range above 6 GHz and the near term availability of technology;

3. that UWB devices implementing mitigation techniques can be allowed to transmit at higher power than defined in Decision ECC/DEC(06)04 on the condition that these mitigation techniques provide at least an equivalent protection to those specified in ECC/DEC(06)04;

4. that limitations on the duty cycle of UWB devices and the implementation of Detect and Avoid (DAA) mechanism can improve the coexistence with other radiocommunication systems;

5. that technical requirements for LDC UWB devices to protect FWA terminals are presented in ECC Report 94;

6. that based on studies and measurement campaigns on the impact of LDC UWB devices on military radars in the band 3.1-3.4 GHz, it was concluded that the probability of a single LDC UWB device to radiate into the main beam of the radar is low and hence the risk of interference is negligible;

7. that technical requirements for DAA UWB devices to ensure the protection of radiolocation services in the bands 3.1-3.4 GHz and 8.5-9 GHz and BWA terminals in the band 3.4-4.2 GHz are presented in ECC report 120;

8. that DAA technical requirements in the band 8.5-9 GHz are based on characteristics of monostatic radiolocation systems and may be revised subject to reported risk of interference to other classes of X band radars considered to be deployed in the future, in particular passive radars;

9. that DAA technical requirements given in Annex 2 of this ECC decision need to be supplemented by adequate guidance on DAA measurement procedures and test patterns as defined in relevant standards (e.g. relevant versions of ETSI EN 302 065 including Harmonised European Standards adopted under Directive 1999/5/EC);

10. that DAA technical requirements should safeguard the protection of BWA terminal stations for more than 99.75% of the time; k) that DAA technical requirements will need to be reviewed as existing systems are subject to technological change and other systems may be deployed or developed in the future;

11. that the band 3.4-3.6 GHz was identified for IMT applications at WRC-07;

12. that the requirement of UWB DAA devices operating in the band 3.1-4.8 GHz to be capable of selecting an operating channel anywhere within the band 3.1–4.8 GHz band will provide additional mitigation to radio services operating in this band;

13. that UWB DAA devices are expected to operate predominantly indoors with an average 1% activity factor;

Decides

1. that this ECC Decision defines supplementary regulatory provisions to Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 for UWB devices using mitigation techniques;

2. that, for the purpose of the Decision, the following definitions apply:

   1. LDC UWB devices are defined as devices using UWB technology that meet the technical requirements for Low Duty Cycle (LDC) mitigation technique given in Annex 1 of this Decision;

   2. DAA UWB devices are defined as devices using UWB technology that meet the technical requirements for Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation technique given in Annex 2 of this Decision;

3. that the devices permitted under this ECC Decision are exempt from individual licensing and operate on a non-interference, non-protected basis;

4. that this ECC Decision is not applicable to:

   1. devices and infrastructure installed at a fixed outdoor location or devices connected to a fixed outdoor antenna;

   2. devices installed in flying models, aircraft and other aviation;

5. that for devices permitted under this ECC Decision, the technical requirements detailed in Annex 1 of Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 apply, and, alternatively:

   (a) within the band 3.1-4.8 GHz, LDC UWB devices are permitted to operate with a maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz and a maximum peak e.i.r.p. of 0 dBm measured in 50MHz; notwithstanding that i. in case of LDC UWB devices installed in road and rail vehicles, no additional mitigation is required as the LDC mitigation technique is recognised to offer a protection level that is at least equivalent to Transmit Power Control (TPC);

   (b) within the bands 3.1-4.8 GHz and 8.5-9 GHz, DAA UWB devices are permitted to operate with a maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz and a maximum peak e.i.r.p. of 0 dBm measured in 50MHz; notwithstanding that,

   (i) in case of DAA UWB devices installed in road and rail vehicles, operation is subject to the implementation of Transmit Power Control (TPC) with a range of 12 dB with respect to the maximum permitted radiated power. If no TPC is implemented, the maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density is -53.3 dBm/MHz;

6. that this Decision enters into force on 31 October 2008;

7. that the preferred date for implementation of this Decision shall be 1 May 2009;

8. that CEPT administrations shall communicate the national measures implementing this Decision to the ECC Chairman and the Office when the Decision is nationally implemented.”

Note: Please check the Office web site (http//:www.ero.dk) for the up to date position on the implementation of this and other ECC Decisions. Amended ECC/DEC/(06)12.

Table 4.13 summarizes the requirements for LDC mitigation techniques.

4.3.3.6.2 Regulations for Detect and Avoid (DAA) Mitigation Techniques

Annex 2

(The content of this annex is meant to be respected by ETSI in the development of harmonised standards.)

1. Technical requirements for Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation technique

   The flexible DAA proposal is based on the definition of different zones for which an appropriate UWB emission power level (maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density) is authorised. A zone is defined by a range of isolation between a device/system of a victim radio service and the UWB device. Theses zones and associated range of isolation correspond to the maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density levels specified in Table 1. (Table 4.13)

   In the first zone, the UWB device shall operate at an emission level applied in the avoidance bandwidth as defined in table 1 (Table 4.13). In the last zone, the UWB device can operate without restriction up to the maximum permitted power level of -41.3 dBm/MHz or as defined in a future DAA regulation for the corresponding operational frequency range except in road and rail vehicles where additional restrictions apply. Between these extreme zones, a transition zone is defined for the band 3.4-4.8 GHz.

   Before initiating UWB communications, the UWB device shall perform a monitoring of the RF environment during a minimum time to detect any actively operating victim signal (minimum initial channel availability check time value given in Table 1 [see Table 4.14]). Based on the result of this detection process, the UWB device has to determine the corresponding zone it occupies and react accordingly.

   This function shall be able to detect victim systems signals and measure if this power level in a given bandwidth is above or below a detection threshold in any of the frequency bands denoted here after. This detection threshold is specified at the antenna connector assuming a 0 dBi antenna gain for each detection operation and may be based on multiple levels. This detection threshold can alternatively be expressed as a field strength limit.

   The DAA UWB devices shall be able to continuously detect any change of the RF configuration (e.g. modification of operating zone) and switch to corresponding emission level within a maximum detect and avoid time according to the victim service and procedural tests Harmonized European defined in relevant standards (e.g. relevant versions of ETSI EN 302 065, including Harmonised European Standards adopted under Directive 1999/5/EC).

Table 4.14 summarizes the technical parameters of EU UWB DAA devices described in Section 4.3.3.6.2.

4.3.3.7.1 EU Requirements for LCD Devices below 10.6 GHz

1. Introduction

This ECC Decision has been developed in response to an EC mandate to CEPT to identify the conditions relating to the harmonised introduction in the European Union of radio applications based on ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. CEPT was mandated to undertake all the necessary work to identify the most appropriate criteria for the timely and harmonised introduction of UWB applications in the European Union.

This ECC Decision supplements Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 amended 6 July 2007 on the harmonised conditions for devices using UWB technology in bands below 10.6 GHz and defines conditions of use applicable to UWB devices implementing Low Duty Cycle (LDC) or Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation techniques.

2. Background

The frequency band 6-8.5 GHz has been identified in Europe for long-term UWB operation with a maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz and a maximum peak e.i.r.p. of 0 dBm measured in a 50MHz bandwidth without the requirement for additional mitigation.

In the frequency band 3.1-4.8 GHz and 8.5-9 GHz, ECC has investigated DAA (Detect And Avoid) and LDC (Low Duty Cycle) mitigation techniques in order to ensure the protection of BWA terminals and applications in the radiolocation services, with a view of allowing UWB devices in the band 3.1-4.8 GHz and 8.5-9 GHz with maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz.

Particular attention was paid to Detect and Avoid (DAA) mechanisms, which detect the presence of signals from other radio systems (such as fixed broadband wireless access and mobile services) and reduce the transmitted power of the UWB device down to a level where it does not cause interference to indoor reception of these systems.

ECC Reports 94 and 120 developed in support of this Decision do not address the protection of outdoor stations of radio services such as FS and FSS in the bands 3.4-4.2 GHz and 4.5-4.8 GHz. Complementary technical studies presented in CEPT Report 9 (using different propagation models and assuming 100% of UWB devices operating indoor with an average 1% activity factor) in support of Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 provide some level of confidence regarding their protection from UWB devices transmitting with a maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz. However, as the strict prohibition of outdoor use cannot effectively be enforced in case of mobile or portable license-exempt devices, this regulation includes provisions aiming to minimise UWB being used outdoor. During the development of this Decision, some countries underlined that they consider possible deployment in the future of passive radars operating in the band 8.5-9 GHz and that the effectiveness of DAA to protect these systems has not been studied on supplementary regulatory provisions to Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 for UWB devices using mitigation techniques

(ECC/DEC/(06)12) amended 31 October 2008

The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations, considering

1. Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 amended 6 July 2007 on the harmonised conditions for devices using UWB technology in bands below 10.6 GHz;

2. that the frequency range below 4.8 GHz has advantages for UWB, because of the lower path loss compared to the range above 6 GHz and the near term availability of technology;

3. that UWB devices implementing mitigation techniques can be allowed to transmit at higher power than defined in Decision ECC/DEC(06)04 on the condition that these mitigation techniques provide at least an equivalent protection to those specified in ECC/DEC(06)04;

4. that limitations on the duty cycle of UWB devices and the implementation of Detect and Avoid (DAA) mechanism can improve the coexistence with other radiocommunication systems;

5. that technical requirements for LDC UWB devices to protect FWA terminals are presented in ECC Report 94;

6. that based on studies and measurement campaigns on the impact of LDC UWB devices on military radars in the band 3.1-3.4 GHz, it was concluded that the probability of a single LDC UWB device to radiate into the main beam of the radar is low and hence the risk of interference is negligible;

7. that technical requirements for DAA UWB devices to ensure the protection of radiolocation services in the bands 3.1-3.4 GHz and 8.5-9 GHz and BWA terminals in the band 3.4-4.2 GHz are presented in ECC report 120;

8. that DAA technical requirements in the band 8.5-9 GHz are based on characteristics of monostatic radiolocation systems and may be revised subject to reported risk of interference to other classes of Xband radars considered to be deployed in the future, in particular passive radars;

9. that DAA technical requirements given in Annex 2 of this ECC decision need to be supplemented by adequate guidance on DAA measurement procedures and test patterns as defined in relevant standards (e.g. relevant versions of ETSI EN 302 065 including Harmonised European Standards adopted under Directive 1999/5/EC);

10. that DAA technical requirements should safeguard the protection of BWA terminal stations for more than 99.75% of the time;

11. that DAA technical requirements will need to be reviewed as existing systems are subject to technological change and other systems may be deployed or developed in the future;

12. that the band 3.4-3.6 GHz was identified for IMT applications at WRC-07;

13. that the requirement of UWB DAA devices operating in the band 3.1-4.8 GHz to be capable of selecting an operating channel anywhere within the band 3.1-4.8 GHz band will provide additional mitigation to radio services operating in this band;

14. that UWB DAA devices are expected to operate predominantly indoors with an average 1% activity factor;

15. that the exclusion of fixed outdoor stations from the scope of this Decision will also limit the operation of mobile outdoor devices;

Decides

1. that this ECC Decision defines supplementary regulatory provisions to Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 for UWB devices using mitigation techniques;

2. that, for the purpose of the Decision, the following definitions apply:

   1. LDC UWB devices are defined as devices using UWB technology that meet the technical requirements for Low Duty Cycle (LDC) mitigation technique given in Annex 1 of this Decision;

   2. DAA UWB devices are defined as devices using UWB technology that meet the technical requirements for Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation technique given in Annex 2 of this Decision;

3. that the devices permitted under this ECC Decision are exempt from individual licensing and operate on a non-interference, non-protected basis;

4. that this ECC Decision is not applicable to:

   1. devices and infrastructure installed at a fixed outdoor location or devices connected to a fixed outdoor antenna;

   2. devices installed in flying models, aircraft and other aviation;

5. that for devices permitted under this ECC Decision, the technical requirements detailed in Annex 1 of Decision ECC/DEC/(06)04 apply, and, alternatively:

   (a) within the band 3.1-4.8 GHz, LDC UWB devices are permitted to operate with a maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz and a maximum peak e.i.r.p. of 0 dBm measured in 50MHz; notwithstanding that i. in case of LDC UWB devices installed in road and rail vehicles, no additional mitigation is required as the LDC mitigation technique is recognised to offer a protection level that is at least equivalent to Transmit Power Control (TPC);

   (b) within the bands 3.1-4.8 GHz and 8.5-9 GHz, DAA UWB devices are permitted to operate with a maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz and a maximum peak e.i.r.p. of 0 dBm measured in 50MHz; notwithstanding that,

   (i) in case of DAA UWB devices installed in road and rail vehicles, operation is subject to the implementation of Transmit Power Control (TPC) with a range of 12 dB with respect to the maximum permitted radiated power. If no TPC is implemented, the maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density is -53.3 dBm/MHz;

6. that this Decision enters into force on 31 October 2008;

7. that the preferred date for implementation of this Decision shall be 1 May 2009;

8. that CEPT administrations shall communicate the national measures implementing this Decision to the ECC Chairman and the Office when the Decision is nationally implemented.”

Note: Please check the Office web site (http//:www.ero.dk) for the up to date position on the implementation of this and other ECC Decisions. Amended ECC/DEC/(06)12

4.3.3.7.2 EU Requirements for DAA Devices below 10.6 GHz

Amended ECC/DEC/(06)12

Annex 2

1. Technical requirements for Detect and Avoid (DAA) mitigation technique The flexible DAA proposal is based on the definition of different zones for which an appropriate UWB emission power level (maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density) is authorised. A zone is defined by a range of isolation between a device/system of a victim radio service and the UWB device. These zones and associated range of isolation correspond to the maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density levels specified in table 1 (Table 4.14).

   In the first zone, the UWB device shall operate at an emission level applied in the avoidance bandwidth as defined in table 1 (Table 4.14). In the last zone, the UWB device can operate without restriction up to the maximum permitted power level of -41.3 dBm/MHz or as defined in a future DAA regulation for the corresponding operational frequency range except in road and rail vehicles where additional restrictions apply. Between these extreme zones, a transition zone is defined for the band 3.4-4.8 GHz.

   Before initiating UWB communications, the UWB device shall perform a monitoring of the RF environment during a minimum time to detect any actively operating victim signal (minimum initial channel availability check time value given in table 1 [Table 4.14]. “Based on the result of this detection process, the UWB device has to determine the corresponding zone it occupies and react accordingly. This function shall be able to detect victim systems signals and measure if this power level in a given bandwidth is above or below a detection threshold in any of the frequency bands denoted here after. This detection threshold is specified at the antenna connector assuming a 0dBi antenna gain for each detection operation and may be based on multiple levels. This detection threshold can alternatively be expressed as a field strength limit.

   TABLE 4.15
   EU ETSI Table of Sensor References and Harmonized Standards

   Application	System Reference Document	Harmonized Standard
   Object discrimination and characterization applications operating in the frequency band from 2.2-8 GHz	TR 102 495-2 (under development)	EN 302 498 (under development)
   Object identification for surveillance applications operating in the frequency band from 2.2-8 GHz	TR 102 495-4 (under development)	EN 302 499 (under development)
   Location tracking applications operating in the frequency band from 6-9 GHz	TR 102 495-3 (published) TR 102 495-5 (under development)	EN 302 500
   Location tracking (3.1-10.6 GHz)		EN 302 501 (under development)

   Source: European Technical Standards Institute, Ultra Wide Band. Online: www.etsi.org/WebSite/Technologies/UltraWideBand.aspx.

   TABLE 4.16
   Frequently Referenced ETSI Standards

   

   The DAA UWB devices shall be able to continuously detect any change of the RF configuration (e.g. modification of operating zone) and switch to corresponding emission level within a maximum detect and avoid time according to the victim service and procedural tests Harmonized European defined in relevant standards (e.g. relevant versions of ETSI EN 302 065, including Harmonised European Standards adopted under Directive 1999/5/EC).

   The content of this annex is meant to be respected by ETSI in the development of harmonised standards.