- Copyright
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Getting Started with Unix
- Getting Unix or Access to a Unix System
- Connecting to The Unix System
- Logging In
- Changing Your Password with passwd
- Listing Directories and Files with ls
- Changing Directories with cd
- Finding Yourself with pwd
- Piping Input and Output
- Redirecting Output
- Using Wildcards
- Viewing File Contents with more
- Displaying File Contents with cat
- Exploring the System
- Getting Help with man
- Logging Out
- Using Directories and Files
- Creating Directories with mkdir
- Creating Files with touch
- Copying Directories and Files with cp
- Listing Directories and Files with ls (More Goodies)
- Moving Files with mv
- Removing Files with rm
- Removing Directories with rmdir
- Finding Forgotten Files with find
- Locating Lost Files with locate
- Linking with ln (Hard Links)
- Linking with ln -s(Soft Links)
- Working with Your Shell
- Discovering What Shell You’re Using
- Understanding Shells and Options
- Changing Your Shell with chsh
- Changing Your Shell Temporarily
- Using Completion in the bash Shell
- Viewing Session History in the bash Shell
- Using Completion in the zsh Shell
- Viewing Session History in the zsh Shell
- Using Completion in the ksh Shell
- Viewing Session History in the ksh Shell
- Viewing Session History in the csh Shell
- Changing Your Identity with su
- Fixing Terminal Settings with stty
- Exiting the Shell
- Creating and Editing Files
- Choosing an Editor
- Starting pico and Dabbling with It
- Saving in pico
- Cutting and Pasting Text Blocks in pico
- Checking Spelling in pico
- Getting Help in pico
- Exiting pico
- Starting vi and Dabbling with It
- Saving in vi
- Adding and Deleting Text in vi
- Importing Files into vi
- Searching and Replacing in vi
- Exiting vi
- Starting emacs and Dabbling with It
- Using emacs Menus to Spell-Check
- Saving in emacs
- Exiting emacs
- Controlling Ownership & Permissions
- Understanding File Ownership and Permissions
- Finding Out Who Owns What
- Finding Out Which Group You’re In
- Changing the Group Association of Files and Directories with chgrp
- Changing Ownership of Files and Directories with chown
- Changing Permissions with chmod
- Translating Mnemonic Permissions to Numeric Permissions
- Changing Permission Defaults with umask
- Manipulating Files
- Counting Files and Their Contents with wc
- Viewing File Beginnings with head
- Viewing File Endings with tail
- Finding Text with grep
- Using Regular Expressions with grep
- Using Other Examples of Regular Expressions
- Making Global Changes with sed
- Changing Files with awk
- Comparing Files with cmp
- Finding Differences in Files with diff
- Finding Differences in Files with sdiff
- Sorting Files with sort
- Eliminating Duplicates with uniq
- Redirecting to Multiple Locations with tee
- Changing with tr
- Formatting with fmt
- Preparing to Print with pr
- Splitting Files with split
- Getting Information about the System
- Configuring Your Unix Environment
- Understanding Your Unix Environment
- Discovering Your Current Environment
- Adding or Changing Variables
- Looking at Your zsh Configuration Files
- Adding to Your zsh Path
- Changing Your zsh Prompt
- Looking at Your bash Configuration Files
- Adding to Your bash Path
- Changing Your bash Prompt
- Looking at Your ksh Configuration Files
- Changing Your ksh Path
- Changing Your ksh Prompt
- Looking at Your csh Configuration Files
- Changing Your csh Path
- Changing Your csh Prompt
- Setting Aliases with alias
- Running Scripts and Programs
- Running a Command
- Scheduling One-Time Jobs with at
- Scheduling Regularly Occurring Jobs with cron
- Suspending Jobs
- Checking Job Status with jobs
- Running Jobs in the Background with bg
- Running Jobs in the Foreground with fg
- Controlling Job Priority with nice
- Timing Jobs with time
- Finding Out What Processes are Running with ps
- Deleting Processes with kill
- Writing Basic Scripts
- Sending and Reading Email
- Choosing an Email Program and Getting Started
- Reading Email with pine
- Sending Email with pine
- Customizing pine
- Reading Email with mutt
- Sending Email with mutt
- Reading Email with mail
- Sending Email with mail
- Creating a Signature File
- Automatically Forwarding Incoming Messages
- Announcing an Absence with vacation
- Configuring procmail
- Responding to Email with procmail
- Accessing the Internet
- Getting Familiar with Unix Internet Lingo
- Logging in to Remote Systems with ssh
- Logging in to Remote Systems with telnet
- Communicating with Other Users Using write
- Communicating with Other Users Using talk
- Getting Files from the Internet with ftp
- Sharing Files on the Internet with ftp
- Surfing the Web with links
- Surfing the Web with lynx
- Downloading Web Sites with wget
- Checking Connections with ping
- Tracing Connections with traceroute
- Matching Domain Names with IP Numbers
- Choosing a News Reader
- Reading News with pine
- Reading News with tin
- Working with Encoded &Compressed Files
- Encoding Files with uuencode
- Decoding Files with uudecode
- Archiving with tar
- Unarchiving Files with tar
- Compressing Files with compress
- Uncompressing Files with uncompress
- Zipping a File or Directory with gzip
- Unzipping a gzip File with gunzip
- Zipping Files and Directories with zip
- Unzipping Zipped Files with unzip
- Combining Commands
- Installing Your Own Software
- Using Handy Utilities
- Being Root
- Sensational Unix Tricks
- Cleaning Up HTML Documents with tidy
- Searching and Replacing Throughout Multiple Documents with Sed
- Generating Reports with awk
- Using Input to Customize Your Environment
- Using ROT13 Encoding with sed
- Embedding ROT13 Encoding in A Shell Script
- Making Backups with rsync
- Using Advanced Redirection with stderr
- Unix Reference
- What’s What and What’s Where
- Commands and Flags
Logging Out
When you finish your session, you need to log out of the system to ensure that nobody else accesses your files while masquerading as you.
To log out:
logout
That’s it! Just type logout, and the system will clean up everything and break the connection, and the SSH program might very well just vanish completely.
✓ Tip
On some Unix systems, you can type exit or quit instead of logout, or press
on your keyboard.
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