Chapter 4
Understanding the WordPress.org Dashboard
In This Chapter
Signing on to the Dashboard
Finding your way around the Dashboard
Customizing the Dashboard
Applying your own settings
Personalizing your profile
Deciding how your website will look
With WordPress.org successfully installed, you can explore your new website software. This chapter guides you through the preliminary setup of your new WordPress site using the Dashboard.
When you create a website with WordPress, you spend a lot of time in the Dashboard, which is where you make all the exciting, behind-the-scenes stuff happen. In this panel, you find all the settings and options that enable you to set up your site just the way you want it. (If you still need to install and configure WordPress, check out Chapter 3.)
Feeling comfortable with the Dashboard sets you up for a successful entrance into the WordPress world. Expect to tweak your WordPress settings several times throughout the life of your website. In this chapter, as I go through the various sections, settings, options, and configurations available to you, understand that nothing is set in stone. You can set options today and change them at any time.
Logging In to the Dashboard
I find that the direct approach (also known as jumping in) works best when I want to get familiar with a new software tool. To that end, just follow these steps to log in to WordPress and take a look at the guts of the Dashboard:
Open your web browser and type the WordPress login-page address (or URL) in the address box.
The login-page address looks something like this (exchange that .com for an .org or a .net as needed):
http://www.yourdomain.com/wp-login.php
If you installed WordPress in its own folder, include that folder name in the login URL. If you installed WordPress in a folder ingeniously named wordpress, the login URL becomes Type your username in the Username text box and your password in the Password text box.
In case you forget your password, WordPress has you covered. Click the Lost Your Password? link (located near the bottom of the page), enter your username or email address, and then click the Get New Password button. WordPress resets your password and emails the new password to you.After you request a password, you receive an email from your WordPress installation. The email contains a link that you need to click to reset your password.
Select the Remember Me check box if you want WordPress to place a cookie in your browser.
The cookie tells WordPress to remember your login credentials the next time you show up. The cookie set by WordPress is harmless and stores your WordPress login on your computer. Because of the cookie, WordPress remembers you the next time you visit. Also, because this option tells the browser to remember your login, I don’t advise checking this option on public computers. Avoid selecting Remember Me when you’re using your work computer or a computer at an Internet café.
Note: Before you set this option, make sure that your browser is configured to allow cookies. (If you aren’t sure how to do this, check the help documentation of the Internet browser you’re using.)
- Click the Log In button.
After you log in to WordPress, you see the Dashboard page.
Navigating the Dashboard
You can consider the Dashboard to be a Control Panel of sorts because it offers several quick links and areas that provide information about your website, starting with the actual Dashboard page shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1: Log in to the WordPress Dashboard.
You can change how the WordPress Dashboard looks by changing the order of the modules that appear on it (for example, At a Glance and Activity). You can expand (open) and collapse (close) the individual modules by clicking the small gray arrow to the right of its title. This feature is really nice because you can use the Dashboard for just those modules that you use regularly.
The concept is simple: Keep the modules you use all the time open and close the ones that you use only occasionally — you can open those modules only when you really need them. You save space and can customize your Dashboard to suit your own needs. WordPress will remember the way you set your Dashboard, so if you close certain modules today, they will remain closed every time you visit the Dashboard until you open them again.
When you view your Dashboard for the first time, all the modules appear in the expanded (open) position by default (refer to Figure 4-1).
The navigation menu in the WordPress Dashboard appears on the left side of your browser window. When you need to get back to the main Dashboard page, click the Dashboard link at the top of the navigation menu found on any of the pages within your WordPress Dashboard.
In the following sections, I cover the Dashboard page as it appears when you log in to your WordPress Dashboard for the very first time; later in this chapter, I show you how to configure the appearance of your Dashboard so that it best suits how you use the available modules.
At a Glance
The At a Glance module in the Dashboard shows some details of what is going on in your website right now, right this very second! Figure 4-2 shows the expanded At a Glance module in my brand-spanking-new WordPress site.
Figure 4-2: The At a Glance module in the Dashboard expanded to see the available features.
The At a Glance module shows the following by default:
- The number of posts you have: This number reflects the total number of posts you have in your WordPress site; I have one post on my site. The number is blue, which means it’s a link that you can click. When you do, you go to the Edit Posts page, where you can edit the posts on your blog. I cover editing posts in Chapter 5.
The number of pages: This is the number of pages on your website, which will change as you add or delete pages. (Pages, in this context, refer to the static pages you have created in your blog.) Figure 4-2 shows that my site has one page.
Clicking this link takes you to the Edit Pages page, where you can view, edit, and delete your pages. (Find the difference between WordPress posts and pages in Chapter 5.)
The number of comments: This is the total number of comments on your blog. Figure 4-2 shows that I have only one comment, which makes sense since this is a brand new WordPress installation.
Clicking the comments link takes you to the Edit Comments page, where you can manage the comments on your blog. I cover the management of comments in the “Comments” section, later in this chapter.
The last section of the Dashboard’s At a Glance module shows the following information:
- The version of WordPress you’re using: Figure 4-2 shows that I’m using WordPress version 4.2. This version announcement changes if you are using an older version of WordPress. When WordPress software is upgraded, this statement tells you that you’re using an outdated version of WordPress and encourages you to upgrade to the latest version.
- Which WordPress theme you’re using: Figure 4-2 shows that I’m using the theme Twenty Fifteen. The theme name is a link that takes you to the Manage Themes page, where you can view and activate themes on your blog.
- Search Engines Discouraged: This is displayed only if you have indicated that you would like to block your blog from search engines in the privacy settings, covered later in this chapter.
Activity
Within the next module, called Activity, you find these sections:
- Recently Published: This area lists your most recently published posts and displays the date and title of the post. Clicking the title of the post takes you to the Edit Post screen in the Dashboard.
- Most recent comments published to your blog: WordPress displays a maximum of five comments in this area (in Figure 4-1 you see only one comment because that is a screenshot of a brand new installation).
- The author of each comment: The name of the person who left the comment appears above it. This section also displays the author’s picture (or avatar), if she has one (if she doesn’t, the default avatar appears).
- A link to the post the comment was left on: The post title appears to the right of the commenter’s name. Click the link and you go to that post in the Dashboard.
- An excerpt of the comment: This is a snippet of the comment this person left on your blog.
- Comment management links: When you hover your mouse pointer over the comment, five links appear underneath the comment. These links give you the opportunity to manage those comments right from your Dashboard: The first link is Unapprove, which appears only if you have comment moderation turned on. (Find out more about moderating comments in the “Comments” section, later in this chapter.) The other four links are Reply, Edit, Spam, and Trash.
- View links: These links appear at the bottom of the Recent Comments module, where you can click All, Pending, Approved, Spam, or Trash.
You find even more information on managing your comments in the “Comments” section, later in this chapter.
Quick Draft
The Quick Draft module is a handy form that allows you to write, save, and publish a blog post right from your WordPress Dashboard. The options are similar to the ones I cover in the section on writing posts in Chapter 5.
If you’re using a brand new WordPress blog and this is a new installation, the Drafts list in the Quick Draft module does not appear. That’s because you haven’t written any posts that are set to “Draft” status. As time goes on, however, and you’ve written a few posts in your blog, you may save some of those posts as Drafts — to be edited and published at a later date. Those drafts show up in the Drafts sections of the Quick Draft module.
WordPress displays up to five drafts and displays the title of the post and the date it was last saved. Click the post title to go to the Edit Post page where you can view, edit, and manage the draft post. Check out Chapter 5 for more information.
WordPress News
When you first install WordPress, the WordPress News module is by default populated with the five most recent updates from the official WordPress news blog at http://planet.wordpress.org. You see the title of the last post, the date it was published, and a short excerpt of the post. Click a title and you go directly to that post.
Following the updates of the WordPress news blog is very useful, and I highly recommend it because every single time you log in to your WordPress Dashboard, a glance at this section informs you about any news, updates, or alerts from the makers of WordPress. You can find out about any new versions of the software, security patches, or other important news regarding the software you are using to power your blog.
Arranging the Dashboard to Your Tastes
You can arrange the order of the modules in your Dashboard to suit your tastes. WordPress places a great deal of emphasis on user experience, and a big part of that effort results in your ability to create a Dashboard that you find most useful. Happily, changing the modules that are displayed, and the order in which they’re displayed, is easy.
In the following steps, I show you how to move the At a Glance module so that it displays on the right side of your Dashboard page:
Hover your mouse over the title bar of the At a Glance module.
When hovering over the box title, your mouse cursor changes to the Move cursor (a cross with arrows on a PC or the hand cursor on a Mac).
Click and hold your mouse button and drag the At a Glance module to the right side of the screen.
As you drag the box, a light gray line with a dotted border appears on the right side of your screen. That gray line is a guide that shows you where you should drop the module. See Figure 4-3.
Release the mouse button when you have the At a Glance module in place.
The At a Glance module is now positioned on the right side of your Dashboard page, at the top.
The other modules on the left shift up to fill the space left by the At a Glance module, and the modules on the right side shift down to make room for the At a Glance module.
(Optional) Click the gray arrow to the right of the At a Glance title.
The module collapses. Click the arrow again, and the module expands. You can keep that module opened or closed based on your own preference.
Figure 4-3: A light gray line appears as a guide when dragging and dropping modules in the WordPress Dashboard.
Repeat these steps with each module you see in the Dashboard by dragging and dropping them so that they appear in the order you prefer.
When you navigate away from the Dashboard, WordPress remembers the changes you’ve made. When you return, you still see your customized Dashboard and you don’t need to redo these changes.
If you find that your Dashboard contains a few modules you just never use, you can get rid of them altogether by following these steps:
Click the Screen Options button at the top of the Dashboard.
The Screen Options menu opens, displaying the title of each module with check boxes to the left of each title.
Deselect the module you want to hide in your Dashboard.
The check mark is removed from the box, and the module disappears from your Dashboard. Figure 4-4 shows my customized Dashboard, where I’ve removed the Quick Draft module and moved the At a Glance module to the top right.
Figure 4-4: My WordPress Dashboard after I customized it.
If you remove a module in the Screen Options panel and later find that you want it back, you can always revisit the Screen Options panel and re-enable the module by selecting the check box next to the name of the module you want to show in your Dashboard.
Finding Inline Documentation and Help
One thing I really appreciate about the WordPress software is the time and effort put in by the developers to provide users with tons of inline documentation that provides you with several tips and hints right inside the Dashboard. You can generally find inline documentation for just about every WordPress feature you use.
Inline documentation are those small sentences and/or phrases that you see alongside, or underneath, a feature in WordPress that give a short but very helpful explanation of what the feature is and serve as guiding tips that correspond with each feature. These tips sometimes even provide basic, recommended settings.
In addition to the inline documentation that you see scattered throughout the Dashboard, you’ll find a helpful tab in the upper-right corner of your Dashboard labeled Help. Click this tab and a panel drops down that contains a lot of text providing documentation relevant to the page you are currently viewing in your Dashboard.
For example, if you’re viewing the General Settings page, the Help tab drops down documentation relevant to the General Settings page, as shown in Figure 4-5. Likewise, if you’re viewing the Add New Post page, clicking the Help tab drops down documentation with topics relevant to the settings and features you find on the Add New Post page within your Dashboard. Just click the Help tab again to close the Help panel when you’re done reading it.
Figure 4-5: Help documentation shown on the General Settings page in the Dashboard.
The inline documentation and the topics and text you find under the Help tab exist to assist and support you as you experience the WordPress platform to help make it as easy to understand as possible. You can also find help and support for WordPress on the WordPress Support Forums at https://wordpress.org/support.
Throughout the different pages of your WordPress Dashboard, you can apply the customization features that I cover for the main Dashboard page earlier in this chapter. Every section of the WordPress Dashboard is customizable with drag-and-drop modules, screen options, and inline help and documentation.
Have a look at Figure 4-6, which displays the Posts page in the WordPress Dashboard (the Posts page is covered in greater detail in Chapter 5). In the figure, the Screen Options menu shows your options for customization, including the following:
- Check boxes that you can select to display the Author, Categories, Tags, Comments, and Date of the posts listed on the Posts page
- A text field for you to input the number of posts you want displayed on the Posts page
Figure 4-6: Screen Options on the Posts page.
Figure 4-7 displays the Help topics on the Posts page when you click the Help tab at the top of the screen to display the inline documentation for the page.
Figure 4-7: Click the Help tab on the Posts page to display inline documentation.
Another helpful feature in the Help menu on each page of the WordPress Dashboard is the links that lead you to other areas on the Internet that contain additional help, support topics, and resources for you to learn more about the various WordPress features.
Setting Options in the Dashboard
The navigation menu is located on the left side of every page within the WordPress Dashboard. You find it there everywhere you go; like a loyal friend, it’s always there for you when you need it!
The navigation menu is divided into nine different menus (not counting the Dashboard menu, mentioned previously). Hover your mouse over a menu, and another menu flies out to the right to reveal the submenu of items. The submenu items take you to areas within your Dashboard that allow you to perform tasks such as publishing a new post, configuring your site settings, or managing your comments.
The settings that allow you to personalize your blog are the first ones that I cover in the next part of this chapter. Some of the menu items, such as creating and publishing new posts, are covered in detail in other chapters, but they’re well worth a mention here as well so that you know what you’re looking at. (Sections with additional information contain a cross-reference telling you where you can find more in-depth information on that topic in this book.)
Configuring the Settings
At the bottom of the navigation menu is the Settings menu. Hover over the Settings link, and a submenu appears to the right that contains the following links, which I discuss in the sections that follow:
- General
- Writing
- Reading
- Discussion
- Media
- Permalinks
General
After you install the WordPress software and log in, you can put a personal stamp on your blog by giving it a title and description, setting your contact email address, and identifying yourself as the author of the blog. You take care of these and other settings on the General Settings page.
To begin personalizing your blog, start with your general settings by following these steps:
Click the General link in the Settings menu.
The General Settings page appears. See Figure 4-8.
Enter the name of your website in the Site Title text box.
The title you enter here is the one that you’ve given your website to identify it as your own. In Figure 4-8 I gave my new blog the title WordPress For Dummies, which appears on the site as well as in the title bar of the viewer’s web browser.
Give your blog an interesting and identifiable name. You can use Fried Green Tomatoes, for example, if your website covers that topic of Fried Green Tomatoes; the book, or the movie, or even anything remotely related to the lovely Southern dish.In the Tagline text box, enter a five- to ten-word phrase that describes your blog.
Figure 4-8 shows that my tagline is by Lisa Sabin-Wilson. So my website displays my site title followed by the tagline: WordPress For Dummies by Lisa Sabin-Wilson.
The general Internet-surfing public can view your website title and tagline, which various search engines (such as Google, Yahoo!, and MSN) grab for indexing, so choose your words with this fact in mind.In the WordPress Address (URL) text box, enter the location where you installed your WordPress software.
Be sure to include the
http://portion of the URL and the entire path to your WordPress installation — for example,http://yourdomain.com. If you installed WordPress in a folder in your directory — in a folder called wordpress, for example — you need to include it here. If I had installed WordPress in a folder called wordpress, the WordPress address would behttp://yourdomain.com/wordpress.In the Site Address (URL) text box, enter the web address where people can find your blog by using their web browsers.
Typically, what you enter here is the same as your domain name (
http://yourdomain.com). If you install WordPress in a subdirectory of your site, the WordPress installation URL is different from the blog URL. If you install WordPress athttp://yourdomain.com/wordpress/(WordPress URL), you need to tell WordPress that you want the blog to appear athttp://yourdomain.com(the blog URL).Enter your email address in the Email Address text box.
WordPress sends messages about the details of your website to this email address. When a new user registers for your site, for example, WordPress sends you an email alert.
Select a Membership option.
Select the Anyone Can Register check box if you want to keep registration on your site open to anyone who wants to register. Keep the check box deselected if you’d rather not have open registration on your website.
From the New User Default Role drop-down menu, choose the role that you want new users to have when they register for user accounts in your website.
You need to understand the differences among the user roles because each user role is assigned a different level of access to your website, as follows:
- Subscriber: Subscriber is the default role. Assigning this role to new users is a good idea, particularly if you don’t know who’s registering. Subscribers are given access to the Dashboard page and they can view and change the options in their profiles on the Your Profile and Personal Options page. (They don’t have access to your account settings, however — only to their own.) Each user can change his username, email address, password, bio, and other descriptors in his user profile. Subscribers’ profile information is stored in the WordPress database, and your site remembers them each time they visit so that they don’t have to complete the profile information each time they leave comments on your website.
- Contributor: In addition to the access Subscribers have, Contributors can upload files and write, edit, and manage their own posts. Contributors can write posts, but they can’t publish the posts; the administrator reviews all Contributor posts and decides whether to publish them. This setting is a nice way to moderate content written by new authors.
- Author: In addition to the access Contributors have, Authors can publish and edit their own posts.
- Editor: In addition to the access Authors have, Editors can moderate comments, manage categories, manage links, edit pages, and edit other Authors’ posts.
- Administrator: Administrators can edit all the options and settings in the WordPress website. Simply put, Administrators have access to everything, so use caution when handing out Administrator access to your website.
In the Timezone section, choose your UTC time from the drop-down menu.
This setting refers to the number of hours that your local time differs from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). This setting ensures that all your posts and comments left on your blog are time-stamped with the correct time. If you’re lucky enough, like me, to live on the frozen tundra of Wisconsin, which is in the Central time zone (CST), you would choose –6 from the drop-down menu because that time zone is six hours off UTC. WordPress also gives you the names of some of the major cities across the world to make it easier. Just select the name of the major city you live closest to, and chances are, you’re in the same time zone as that city.
If you’re unsure what your UTC time is, you can find it at the Greenwich Mean Time website (wwp.greenwichmeantime.com). GMT is essentially the same thing as UTC.In the Date Format text box, enter the format in which you want the date to be displayed in your website.
This setting determines the style of the date display. The default format is already selected and displayed for you: F j, Y (F = the full month name; j = the two-digit day; Y = the four-digit year), which gives you the date output. This default date format displays the date like this: February 16, 2015.
Select a different format by clicking the circle to the left of the option. You can also customize the date display by selecting the Custom option and entering your preferred format in the text box provided. If you’re feeling adventurous, you can find out how to customize the date format by clicking the Documentation on Date and Time Formatting link between the date and time options, which takes you to this page in the WordPress Codex:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Formatting_Date_and_Time.In the Time Format text box, enter the format in which you want the time to be displayed in your website.
This setting is the style of the time display. The default format is already inserted for you: g:i a (g = the two-digit hour; i = the two-digit minute; a = lowercase as a.m. or p.m.), which gives you the output of 12:00 a.m.
Select a different format by clicking the circle to the left of the option. You can also customize the date display by selecting the Custom option and entering your preferred format in the text box provided; find out how at
http://codex.wordpress.org/Formatting_Date_and_Time. You can format the time and date in several ways. Go to http://us3.php.net/manual/en/function.date.phpto find potential formats at the PHP website.From the drop-down menu, choose the day the week starts in your calendar.
Displaying a calendar in the sidebar of your website is optional. If you choose to display a calendar, you can select the day of the week you want your calendar to start with.
Set your site language preference.
The Site Language drop-down menu gives you several different language options to choose from. The default setting is English; however, the WordPress software is available in approximately 45 different languages. If your website should be in Spanish, then use the drop-down menu here to change it from English to Spanish.
Figure 4-8: Personalize the settings of your WordPress blog on the General Settings page.
Click the Save Changes button at the bottom of any page where you set new options. If you don’t click Save Changes, your settings aren’t saved, and WordPress reverts to the preceding options. Each time you click the Save Changes button, WordPress reloads the current page, displaying the new options that you just set.
Writing
Click the Writing link in the Settings menu; the Writing Settings page opens. See Figure 4-9.
Figure 4-9: The Writing Settings page.
This page lets you set some basic options for writing your posts. Table 4-1 gives you some information on choosing how your posts look and how WordPress handles some specific conditions.
Table 4-1 Writing Settings Options
Option |
Function |
Default |
Formatting |
Determines whether WordPress converts emoticons to graphics and whether WordPress corrects invalidly nested XHTML automatically. In general, I recommend selecting this option. (You can find more information about valid XHTML code at |
Convert emoticons is selected. XHTML is deselected. |
Default Post Category |
Lets you select the category that WordPress defaults to any time you forget to choose a category when you publish a post. |
Uncategorized |
Default Post Format |
Lets you select the post format that WordPress defaults to any time you publish a post to your blog. |
Standard |
Press This |
A small application to use in your browser that lets you post information and content you find on the web to your website in a quick and easy fashion. Just drag and drop the Press This button to your browser’s bookmark toolbar to use. |
N/A |
Post via E-mail |
Lets you publish posts from your email account by letting you enter the email and server information for the account you’ll be using to send posts to your WordPress website. |
N/A |
Update Services Note: This option is available only if your website is made public in the Privacy settings. |
Lets you indicate which ping service you want to use to notify the world that you’ve made updates, or published new posts. These update services include blogrolling.com and weblogs.com. The default, rpc.pingomatic.com, updates all the popular services simultaneously. |
rpc.pingomatic.com |
After you set your options, be sure to click the Save Changes button; otherwise, the changes won’t take effect.
Go to http://codex.wordpress.org/Update_Services for comprehensive information on update services.
Reading
The third link in the Settings menu is Reading (see Figure 4-10).
Figure 4-10: The Reading Settings page.
You can set the following options in the Reading Settings page:
- Front Page Displays: Choose what you want to display on the front page of your website: your latest posts or a static page. You can find detailed information about using a static page for your front page in Chapter 12.
- Blog Pages Show at Most: Type the maximum number of posts you want to display on each content page. The default is set to 10.
- Syndication Feeds Show the Most Recent: In the Posts box, type the maximum number of posts you want to show in your RSS feed at any time. The default is set to 10.
- For Each Article in a Feed, Show: Select either Full Text or Summary. Full Text publishes the entire post to your RSS feed, whereas Summary publishes only an excerpt. By default, Full Text is selected. (Check out Chapter 5 for more information on WordPress RSS feeds.)
- Search Engine Visibility: By default, the Discourage Search Engines from Indexing This Site option is not checked. If you are one of those rare bloggers who doesn’t want search engines to be able to visit and index your website in their search directories, check the Discourage Search Engines from Indexing This Site option.
Generally, you want search engines to be able to find your website. However, if you have special circumstances, you may want to enforce your privacy settings. I would block search engines, for example, because the site I’m using for the figures in this book is one that I don’t want search engines to find. On the main Dashboard, in the At a Glance box, is a note that says Search Engines Discouraged. This note exists only when you have your privacy settings set to block search engines. When you have Search Engine Visibility selected, search engines and other content bots can’t find your website.
Be sure to click the Save Changes button when you’ve set all your options in the Reading Settings page to make the changes take effect.
Discussion
Discussion is the fourth link in the Settings menu; click it to open the Discussion Settings page (see Figure 4-11). The sections on this tab let you set options for handling comments and publishing posts to your blog.
Figure 4-11: The Discussion Settings page.
The following sections cover the options available to you in the Discussion Settings page, which deals mainly with how comments and trackbacks are handled in your blog.
Default Article Settings
In the Default Article Settings section, you can tell WordPress how to handle post notifications. Here are your options:
- Attempt to Notify Any Blogs Linked To from the Article: Select this check box and your blog sends a notification (or ping) to any site you have linked to in your blog posts. This notification is also commonly referred to as a trackback (I discuss trackbacks in Chapter 2). Deselect this check box if you don’t want these notifications to be sent.
- Allow Link Notifications from Other Blogs (Pingbacks and Trackbacks): By default, this check box is selected and your blog is open to be notified via a ping or trackback from another blog that has linked to yours. Any trackbacks or pings sent to your blog are listed on your site in the comments section of the blog post. If you deselect this check box, your blog won’t accept pings or trackbacks from other blogs.
- Allow People to Post Comments on New Articles: By default, this check box is selected, and people can leave comments on your blog posts. If you deselect this check box, no one can leave comments on your blog. (You can override these settings for individual articles — find more information about this in Chapter 5.)
Other Comment Settings
The Other Comment Settings tell WordPress how to handle comments:
- Comment Author Must Fill Out Name and E-mail: Enabled by default, this option requires all commenters on your blog to fill in the Name and E-mail field when leaving a comment. This option is very helpful in combating comment spam. (See Chapters 2 and 7 for information on comment spam.) Deselect this check box to disable this option.
- Users Must Be Registered and Logged In to Comment: Not enabled by default, this option allows you to accept comments on your blog from only those people who have registered and are currently logged in as a user on your blog. If the user is not logged in, he sees a message that says You must be logged in in order to leave a comment.
Automatically Close Comments on Articles Older Than X Days: Select the check box next to this option to tell WordPress that you want comments on older articles to be automatically closed. Fill in the text box with the number of days you want to wait before WordPress closes comments on older articles.
This feature is a very effective anti-spam technique that many bloggers use to keep down the comment and trackback spam on their blogs.- Enable Threaded (Nested) Comments X Levels Deep: The drop-down menu allows you to choose the level of threaded comments you’d like to have on your blog. The default is 5; you can choose up to 10 levels. Instead of all comments being displayed on your blog in chronological order (as they are by default), nesting them allows you and your readers to reply to comments within the comment itself.
- Break Comments into Pages with X Top Level Comments Per Page and the Last/First Page Displayed by Default: Fill in the text box with the number of comments you want to display on one page. This is very helpful for blogs that receive a large number of comments. It enables you to break the long string of comments into several pages, which makes those comments easier to read and helps speed up the load time of your site because the page isn’t loading such a large number of comments at one time. Also, select from the drop-down menu whether you want the first or last page displayed by default.
- Comments Should Be Displayed with the Older/Newer Comments at the Top of Each Page: Use the drop-down menu to select Older or Newer. Selecting Older displays the comments on your blog in the order of oldest to newest. Selecting Newer does the opposite: displays the comments on your blog in the order of newest to oldest.
E-mail Me Whenever
The two options in the E-mail Me Whenever section are enabled by default:
- Anyone Posts a Comment: This option lets you receive an email notification whenever anyone leaves a comment on your blog. Deselect the check box if you don’t want to be notified by email about every new comment.
- A Comment Is Held for Moderation: This option lets you receive an email notification whenever a comment is awaiting your approval in the comment moderation queue. (See Chapter 5 for more information about the comment moderation queue.) Deselect this check box if you don’t want this notification.
Before a Comment Appears
The two options in the Before a Comment Appears section tell WordPress how you want WordPress to handle comments before they appear in your blog:
- Comment Must Be Manually Approved: Disabled by default, this option keeps every single comment left on your blog in the moderation queue until you, the administrator, log in and approve it. Select this check box to enable this option.
- Comment Author Must Have a Previously Approved Comment: Enabled by default, this option requires comments posted by all first-time commenters to be sent to the comment moderation queue for approval by the administrator of the blog. After comment authors have been approved for the first time, they remain approved for every comment thereafter. WordPress stores their email addresses in the database, and any future comments that match any stored emails are approved automatically. This feature is another measure that WordPress has built in to combat comment spam.
Comment Moderation
In the Comment Moderation section, you can set options to specify what types of comments are held in the moderation queue to await your approval.
To prevent spammers from spamming your blog with a ton of links, select the Hold a Comment in the Queue If It Contains X or More Links check box. The default number of links allowed is 2. Give that setting a try and if you find that you’re getting lots of spam comments with multiple links, you may want to revisit this page and increase that number. Any comment with a higher number of links goes to the comment moderation area for approval.
The large text box in the Comment Moderation section lets you type keywords, URLs, email addresses, and IP addresses in comments that you want to be held in the moderation queue for your approval.
Comment Blacklist
In this section, type a list of words, URLs, email addresses, and/or IP addresses that you want to flat-out ban from your blog. Items placed here don’t even make it into your comment moderation queue; the WordPress system filters them as spam. Let me just say that the words I have placed in my blacklist are not family-friendly and have no place in a nice book like this.
Avatars
The final section of the Discussion Settings page is Avatars. (See the previous sidebar, “Avatars and gravatars: How do they relate to WordPress?” for information about avatars.) In this section, you can select different settings for the use and display of avatars on your site:
- In the Avatar Display section, select the Show Avatars option if you would like your site to display avatars beside comment authors’ names.
In the Maximum Rating section, set the rating for the avatars that do display on your site.
This feature works similarly to the movie rating system you’re used to. You can select G, PG, R, and X ratings for the avatars that appear on your site. If your site is family-friendly, you probably don’t want it to display R- or X-rated avatars.
Choose a default avatar in the Default Avatar section; see Figure 4-12:
- Mystery Person
- Blank
- Gravatar Logo
- Identicon (Generated)
- Wavatar (Generated)
- MonsterID (Generated)
- Retro (Generated)
Click the Save Changes button.
Figure 4-12: Default avatars you can display in your blog.
Avatars appear in a couple places:
- The Comments page in the Dashboard: In Figure 4-13, the comment displays the commenter’s avatar next to it.
- The comments on individual blog posts to your blog: Figure 4-14 shows a list of comments on my own personal blog.
Figure 4-13: Authors’ avatars appear in the Comments page in the WordPress Dashboard.
Figure 4-14: Comments on a post, showing the comment authors’ avatars.
To enable the display of avatars in comments on your blog, the Comments Template (comments.php) in your active theme has to contain the code to display them. Hop on over to Chapter 9 to find out how to do that.
Click the Save Changes button after you’ve set all your options on the Discussion Settings page to put the changes into effect.
Media
The next link in the Settings menu is Media; click the Media link and the Media Settings page opens. See Figure 4-15.
Figure 4-15: The Media Settings page.
On the Media Settings page, you can configure the options for how your image files (graphics and photos) are resized for use in your website.
The first set of options on the Media Settings page deals with images. WordPress automatically resizes your images for you in three different sizes. The dimensions are referenced in pixels by width and then height. (For example, 150 x 150 means 150 pixels in width by 150 pixels in height.)
- Thumbnail Size: The default is 150 x 150; enter the width and height of your choice. Select the Crop Thumbnail to Exact Dimensions check box to resize the thumbnail exactly to the width and height you specified. Deselect this check box and WordPress resizes the image proportionally.
- Medium Size: The default is 300 x 300; enter the width and height numbers of your choice.
- Large Size: The default is 1024 x 1024; enter the width and height numbers of your choice.
Finally, the last set of options on the Media Settings page is the Uploading Files section. By default, the Organize My Uploads into Month- and Year-Based Folders check box is selected and WordPress organizes your uploaded files in folders by month and by year. Files you upload in February 2015, for example, would be in the following folder: /wp-content/uploads/2015/02/. Likewise, files you upload in December 2014 would be in /wp-content/uploads/2014/12/. Deselect this check box if you do not want WordPress to organize your files by month and year.
In Chapter 6, I go into much greater detail on how to insert images into your WordPress posts and pages.
Be sure to click the Save Changes button after you set all your options on the Privacy Settings page to make the changes take effect.
Permalinks
The next link on the Settings menu is Permalinks. Clicking this link loads the Permalink Settings page (see Figure 4-16).
Figure 4-16: The Permalink Settings page.
Each of the posts you create on your blog has a unique URL called a permalink, which is a permanent link (URL) for all your website posts, pages, and archives. I cover permalinks extensively in Chapter 5 by explaining what they are, how you can use them, and how you set the options in this page.
Creating Your Personal Profile
The next place to visit to really personalize your blog is your profile page in your WordPress Dashboard.
To access your profile page, click the Your Profile link in the Users menu. You’re taken to the Profile page. See Figure 4-17.
Figure 4-17: Establish your profile details here.
Here are the settings on this page:
- Personal Options: The Personal Options section is where you can set four preferences for your website:
- Visual Editor: This selection enables you to use the Visual Editor when writing your posts. The Visual Editor gives you the formatting options you find in the Write Post page (discussed in detail in Chapter 5). By default, the Visual Editor is on. To turn it off, select the Disable the Visual Editor When Writing check box.
- Admin Color Scheme: These options set the colors in your Dashboard. The default is a black and gray color scheme with blue as a highlight color; you can also select more colorful schemes for your Dashboard display, like Light, Blue, Coffee, Ectoplasm, Midnight, Ocean, and Sunrise.
- Keyboard Shortcuts: This enables you to use keyboard shortcuts for comment moderation. To learn more about keyboard shortcuts, click the More Information link; you’re taken to the Keyboard Shortcuts page (
http://codex.wordpress.org/Keyboard_Shortcuts) in the WordPress Codex. - Toolbar: The Toolbar displays at the top of your WordPress website, but it displays only to the user who is logged in to the site; it cannot be seen by regular viewers of your website. The Toolbar contains helpful links that allow you to get to different sections of your Dashboard quickly and easily with a single click. You can choose to display the Toolbar while you are viewing your site or the Dashboard, or both.
- Name: This section is where you can input personal information such as your first name, last name, and nickname, and specify how you want your name to be displayed publicly. Fill in the text boxes with the requested information and choose your display name from the drop-down list.
Contact Info: In this section, you provide your email address and website URL to tell your visitors who you are and where they may find you on the web.
Note that your email address is the only required entry here. This is the address WordPress uses to notify you when you have new comments or new user registrations on your website. Make sure to use a real email address so that you get these notifications.
About Yourself: This section is where you can provide a little bio about yourself and change the password for your website.
When your profile is published to your website, it not only can be viewed by anyone, but also gets picked up by search engines such as Yahoo! and Google. Always be careful with the information in your profile. Think hard about the information you want to share with the rest of the world!- Biographical Info: Type a short bio in the Biographical Info text box. This information can be shown publicly if you are using a theme that displays your bio, so be creative!
- New Password: When you want to change the password for your website, type your new password in the first text box in the New Password section. To confirm your new password, type it again in the second text box.
Directly below the two text boxes is a little password helper. WordPress helps you create a secure password. It alerts you if the password you’ve chosen is too short or not secure enough by calling it Very Weak, Weak, or Medium. When creating a new password, use a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols to make it hard for anyone to guess (for example, aty89!#4j). When you create a password that WordPress thinks is a good one, it lets you know by calling it Strong.
Change your password frequently. I can’t recommend this practice strongly enough. Some people on the Internet make it their business to attempt to hijack blogs for their own malicious purposes. If you change your password monthly, you lower your risk by keeping hackers guessing.- Log Out of All Other Sessions: Click this button if you have logged into your website from another computer to ensure that you are logged out everywhere except for the current browser you are logged in with. This is an extra security measure to make sure no one else can access the Dashboard of your website from any other location.
When you finish setting all the options on the Profile page, don’t forget to click the Update Profile button to save your changes.
Setting Your Site’s Format
In addition to setting your personal settings in the Dashboard, you can manage the day-to-day maintenance of your website. This next section takes you through the links to these sections in the navigation menu, directly underneath the Dashboard link.
Posts
Hover your mouse over the Posts menu and a submenu appears with four links: All Posts, Add New, Categories, and Tags. Each link gives you the tools you need to publish content to your blog:
- All Posts: This link opens the Posts page, where you see a listing of all the saved posts you’ve written on your site. On this page, you can search for posts by date, category, or keyword. You can view all posts, only posts that have been published, or just posts that have been saved but not yet published (drafts). You can also edit and delete posts from this page. Check out Chapter 5 for more information on editing posts on your website.
Add New: This link opens the Add New Post page, where you compose your posts, set the options for each post (such as assigning a post to a category, or making it a private or public post), and publish the post to your blog. You can find more information on posts, post options, and publishing in Chapter 5.
You can also get to the Add New Post page by clicking the Posts menu.- Categories: This link opens the Categories page, where you can view, edit, add, and delete categories on your site. Find more information on categories in Chapter 5.
- Tags: This link opens the Tags page, where you can view, add, edit, and delete tags on your site. Chapter 5 provides you with more information about what tags are and why you use them on your website.
Media
Hover your mouse pointer over the Media menu link to expand the submenu of links for this section:
- Library: This link opens the Media Library page. On this page, you view, search, and manage all the media files you’ve ever uploaded to your WordPress site.
Add New: This link opens the Upload New Media page, where you can use the built-in uploader to transfer media files from your computer to the media directory in WordPress. Chapter 6 takes you through the details of how to upload images, videos, audio, and other media files (such as Microsoft Word or PowerPoint documents) using the WordPress upload feature.
You can also get to the Upload New Media page by clicking the Media menu.
Pages
People use this feature to create pages on their sites such as an About Me or Contact Me page. Click the Pages menu to reveal the submenu links:
- All Pages: This link opens the Pages page, where you can search, view, edit, and delete pages in your WordPress site.
Add New: This link opens the Add New Page page, where you can compose, save, and publish a new page on your blog. Table 4-2 describes the differences between a page and a post — it’s subtle, but the two are very different from one another!
You can also get to the Add New Page page by clicking the Pages menu.
Table 4-2 The Differences Between a Page and a Post
WordPress Options |
Page |
Post |
Appears in blog post listings |
No |
Yes |
Appears as a static page |
Yes |
No |
Appears in category archives |
No |
Yes |
Appears in monthly archives |
No |
Yes |
Appears in Recent Posts listings |
No |
Yes |
Appears in site RSS feed |
No |
Yes |
Appears in search results |
Yes |
Yes |
Comments
The Comments menu doesn’t have a submenu of links. You simply click the Comments menu title to open the Comments page, where WordPress gives you the options to view:
- All: Shows all comments that currently exist on your blog. This includes approved, pending, and spam comments.
- Pending: Shows comments that are not yet approved by you but are pending in the moderation queue.
- Approved: Shows all comments that have been previously approved by you.
- Spam: Shows all the comments that are marked as spam.
- Trash: Shows comments that you have marked as Trash, but have not yet been deleted permanently from your blog.
You can find information in Chapter 2 about the purpose of comments. Also, in Chapter 5 I give you details on how to use the Comments section of your WordPress Dashboard.
Appearance
When you click the Appearance menu in the navigation menu, a submenu drops down with the following links to click:
- Themes: This link opens the Themes page, where you can manage the themes available on your website. Check out Chapter 9 to learn about using themes on your WordPress blog and how to manage those themes on this page.
- Customize: Some themes have a Customize page, where you can configure different settings for the theme, such as the default Twenty Fifteen theme. The Customize link appears under the Appearance menu only if the theme you’re currently using has options available for configuration; if it doesn’t, you won’t see the Customize link here.
- Widgets: The Widgets page allows you to add, delete, edit, and manage the widgets you use on your blog.
- Menus: This link opens the Menus page, where you can build navigation menus to display on your site. Chapter 10 provides information on creating menus using this feature.
- Header: In the Custom Header page you can upload an image to use in the header (or top) of your WordPress website; however, this menu item and page exist only if you have the Twenty Fifteen theme activated, or any other theme that supports the Custom Header feature (more about that in Chapter 10). The Twenty Fifteen theme is activated by default on all new WordPress blogs, which is why I’ve included this menu item in this list. Not all WordPress themes use the Custom Header feature, so you don’t see this menu item if your theme doesn’t take advantage of that feature.
- Background: This link opens the Background Image page, where you can upload an image to use as the background of your WordPress website design; as with the Custom Header option, the Custom Background option exists in the Appearance menu only if you have the default Twenty Fifteen theme activated, or any other theme that supports the Custom Background feature. Not all WordPress themes use the Custom Background feature.
- Editor: This link opens the Theme Editor page, where you can edit your theme templates. Chapters 9–11 have extensive information on themes and templates.
Uploading header images and customizing the background of your site helps you to individualize the visual design of your website. You can find more information on tweaking and customizing your WordPress theme in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 gives you a great deal of information about how to use WordPress themes (including where to find, install, and activate them in your WordPress website) as well as detailed information on using WordPress widgets to display the content you want.
Part IV provides information about WordPress themes and templates. You can dig deep into WordPress template tags and tweak an existing WordPress theme by using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to customize your theme a bit more to your liking.
Plugins
The next menu in the navigation menu is Plugins. Click the Plugins menu to expand the submenu of links:
- Installed Plugins: This link opens the Plugins page, where you can view all the plugins currently installed on your website. On this page, you also have the ability to activate, deactivate, and delete plugins on your site.
- Add New: This link opens the Install Plugins page, where you can search for plugins from the official WordPress Plugin Directory by keyword, author, or tag. You can also install plugins directly to your site from the WordPress Plugin Directory.
- Editor: The Edit Plugins page allows you to edit the plugin files in a text editor. I strongly advise against editing plugin files unless you know exactly what you’re doing — that is, you are familiar with PHP and WordPress functions.
See Chapter 7 for more on plugins.
Users
The Users menu has three links:
- All Users: Click this link to go to the Users page, where you can view, edit, and delete users on your WordPress website. Each user has a unique login name and password, as well as an email address assigned to her account. You can view and edit a user’s information on the Users page.
- Add New: This link opens the Add New User page, where you can add new users to your WordPress site. Simply type the user’s username, first name, last name, email (required), website, and a password into the fields provided and then click the Add User button. You can also select whether you want WordPress to send login information to the new user by email. If you like, you can also assign a new role for the new user. Turn to the earlier section, “General,” for more info about user roles.
- Your Profile: Turn to the “Creating Your Personal Profile” section, earlier in this chapter, for more information about creating a profile page.
Tools
The last menu item in the navigation menu (and subsequently in this chapter!) is Tools. Click the Tools menu to drop down the submenu of links that includes:
- Available Tools: WordPress comes packaged with two extra features that you can use on your blog: Press This and Category/Tag Conversion.
- Import: WordPress gives you the ability to import from a different content management system. This feature is covered in depth in Chapter 14.
- Export: WordPress also allows you to export your content from WordPress so that you can import it into a different platform or another WordPress site. This information is also covered in Chapter 14.