Chapter 7

Searching amidst iMac Chaos

In This Chapter

Mastering basic Spotlight searching skills

Selecting text and keywords for best results

Displaying results in the Spotlight window

Customizing Spotlight settings in System Preferences

What would you say if I told you that you could search your entire system for virtually every piece of data connected with a person — and in only the short time it takes to type that person’s name? And I’m not just talking about files and folders that might include that person’s name. I mean every e-mail message and every iCal calendar or event that references that person — and even that person’s Address Book card, to boot? Heck, how about if that search could dig up every occurrence of the person’s name inside PDF documents? What if it could even search folders shared on other Macs across your network?

You’d probably say, “That makes for good future tech — I’ll bet I can do that in five or ten years. It’ll take Apple at least that long to do it . . . and just in time for me to buy a new iMac! (Harrumph.)”

Don’t be so hasty: You can do all this right now. The technology is the Mac OS X feature named Spotlight, built right into Lion. In this chapter, I show you how to use it like an iMac power guru.

Basic Searching 101

Figure 7-1 illustrates the Spotlight search field, which is always available from the Finder menu bar. Click the magnifying glass icon once (or press +spacebar), and the Spotlight search box appears.

To run a search, simply click in the Spotlight box and begin typing. You see matching items appear as soon as you type, and the search results are continually refined while you type the rest of your search criteria. As with the Search box in earlier Finder window toolbars, you don’t need to press Return to begin the search.

The results of your Spotlight search are presented in the Spotlight menu, which is updated automatically in real time while you continue to type. The top 20 most relevant items are grouped into categories right on the Spotlight menu. Categories include Messages, Definitions, Documents, Folders, Images, and Contacts. Spotlight takes a guess at the item that’s the most likely match (based on your Search Results list in System Preferences, which I cover later in the chapter) and presents it in the special Top Hit category that always appears first.

Hover your cursor over an item in the Spotlight menu, and — shazam — Spotlight uses the Quick Look technology built into Lion to display information on the item! If the item is a song, you can even move your cursor on top of the thumbnail in the Quick Look display and click to play it (without leaving the Spotlight menu).

To open the Top Hit item like a true Lion power user, just press Return. (My brothers and sisters, it just doesn’t get any easier than that.)

Literally any text string is acceptable as a Spotlight search. However, here’s a short list of the common search criteria I use every day:

Names and addresses: Because Spotlight has access to Lion’s Address Book, you can immediately display contact information using any portion of a name or address.

E-mail message text: Need to open a specific e-mail message, but you’d rather not launch Mail and spend time digging through the message list? Enter the person’s e-mail address or any text string contained in the message you’re looking for.

File and folder names: This is the classic search favorite. Spotlight searches your system for that one file or folder in the blink of an eye.

Events & To Do items: Yep, Spotlight gives you access to your iCal calendars and those all-important To Do lists you’ve created.

System Preferences: Now things start to get really interesting! Try typing the word background in the Spotlight field. Some of the results will actually be System Preference panes! That’s right, every setting in System Preferences is referenced in Spotlight. (For example, the Desktop background setting is on the Desktop & Screen Saver pane in System Preferences.)

Web pages: Whoa. Stand back, Google. You can use Spotlight to search the web pages you’ve recently displayed in Safari! (Note, however, that this feature doesn’t let you search through all the Internet as Google does . . . only the pages stored in your Safari web cache and any HTML files you’ve saved to your iMac’s hard drive.)

Metadata: That’s a pretty broad category, but it fits. If you’re not familiar with the term metadata, think of the information stored by your digital camera each time you take a photo — things like the exposure setting, time and date, and even the location where the photo was taken, which are also transferred to iPhoto when you import. Here’s another example: I like to locate Microsoft Word documents on my system using the same metadata that’s stored in the file, such as the contents of the Comments field in a Word document. Other supported applications include Adobe Photoshop images, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, Keynote presentations, iTunes media, and other third-party applications that offer a Spotlight plug-in.

To reset the Spotlight search and try another text string, click the X icon that appears on the right side of the Spotlight box. (Of course, you can also backspace to the beginning of the field, but that’s a little less elegant. Instead, press +A to select the entire contents; then press Delete.)

After you find the item that you’re looking for, you can click it once to launch it (if the item is an application), open it in System Preferences (if it’s a setting or description on a Preferences pane), open it within the associated application (if the item is a document or a data item), or display it within a Finder window (if the item is a folder).

Here’s another favorite time saver: You can display all the files of a particular type on your system by using the file type as the keyword. For example, to provide a list of all images on your system, just use images as your keyword. The same goes for movies and audio, too. You can use common extensions like JPG and DOC to search for certain types of files as well.

Is Spotlight Really That Cool?

Don’t get fooled into simply using Spotlight as another file-’n-folder-name search tool. Sure, it can do that, but Spotlight can also search inside PDF, Word, Pages, and HTML files, finding matching text that doesn’t appear in the name of the file! To wit: A search for Lion on my system pulls up all sorts of items with Lion in their filenames, but also files with Lion in the files themselves, such as a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation with slides containing the text Lion or an iCal event pointing to a conference call with my editor about upcoming Lion book projects. Notice that not one of these three examples actually has the words Lion occurring anywhere in the title or filename, yet Spotlight found them because they all contain the text Lion therein.

Heck, suppose that all you remember about a file is that you received it in your mail last week or last month. To find it, you can actually type in time periods, such as yesterday, last week, or last month, to see every item that you saved or received within that period. (Boy, howdy, I love writing about TGIs — that’s short for Truly Good Ideas.)

Be careful, however, when you’re considering a search string. Don’t forget that (by default) Spotlight matches only those items that have all the words you enter in the Spotlight box. To return the highest number of possible matches, use the fewest number of words to identify the item; for example, use horse rather than horse image, and you’re certain to be rewarded with more hits. (On the other hand, if you’re looking specifically for a picture of a knight on horseback, a series of keywords, such as horse knight image, shortens your search considerably. It all depends on what you’re looking for and how widely you want to cast your Spotlight net.)

To allow greater flexibility in searches, Apple also includes those helpful Boolean friends that you may already be familiar with: AND, OR, and NOT. For example, you can perform Spotlight searches such as

Horse AND cow (which collects all references to both those barnyard animals)

Batman OR Robin (which returns all references to either Batman or Robin)

Apple NOT PC (which displays all references to Apple that don’t include any information on dastardly PCs)

Because Spotlight functions are a core technology of Mac OS X Lion — in other words, all sorts of applications can make use of Spotlight throughout the operating system, including the Finder — the Finder window’s Search box now shares many of the capabilities of Spotlight. In fact, you can use the time-period trick that I mention earlier (entering yesterday as a keyword) in the Finder window Search box.

Okay, parents, listen closely: Here’s a (somewhat sneaky) tip that might help you monitor your kids’ computer time as well as what your kids are typing/reading in iChat:

1. Enable the iChat transcript feature.

a. From within iChat, choose iChat⇒Preferences.

b. Click Messages.

c. Select the Save Chat Transcripts To check box and choose a destination folder in a location you can access.

2. Click the Close button to return to iChat.

Now you can use Spotlight to search for questionable words, phrases, and names within those iChat transcripts.

Expanding Your Search Horizons

I can just hear the announcer’s voice now: “But wait, there’s more! If you click the Show in Finder menu item at the beginning of your search results, we’ll expand your Spotlight menu into the Spotlight window!” (Fortunately, you don’t have to buy some ridiculous household doodad.)

Keyboard mavens will appreciate the Spotlight window shortcut key (by default, +Option+spacebar), and I show you where to specify this shortcut in the final section of this chapter.

Figure 7-2 illustrates the Spotlight window (which is actually a Finder window with extras). To further filter the search, click one of the buttons on the Spotlight window toolbar or create your own custom filter. Click the button with the plus sign to display the search criteria bar and then click the pop-up menus to choose from criteria, such as the type of file, the text content, or the location on your system (for example, your hard drive, your Home folder, or a network server). You can also filter your results listing by the date the items were created or last saved. To add or delete criteria, click the plus and minus buttons at the right side of the search criteria bar. To save a custom filter that you’ve created, click the Save button.

Images appear as thumbnail icons, so you can use that most sophisticated search tool — the human eye — to find the picture you’re looking for. (If you don’t see thumbnail images, click the Icon view button on the toolbar.) Don’t forget that you can increase or decrease the size of the icons by dragging the slider at the bottom right of the window.

To display the contents of an item in the list (without leaving the comfortable confines of the Spotlight window), click the icon to select it and click the Quick Look icon in the toolbar (or press the spacebar) for a better view.

Again, when you’re ready to open an item, just double-click it in the Spotlight window.

As I mention earlier, Spotlight can look for matching items on other Macs on your network — but only if those remote Macs are configured correctly. To allow another Mac running Mac OS X Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard, or Lion to be visible to Spotlight on your system, enable File Sharing on the other Mac. (Oh, and remember that you need an admin-level account on that Mac — or access to a good friend who has an admin-level account on that Mac.)

Follow these steps to enable File Sharing on the other Mac:

1. Click the System Preferences icon in the Dock.

2. Click the Sharing pane.

3. Select the On check box next to the File Sharing item in the service list to enable it.

4. Click the Close button on the System Preferences window.

Remember, you can search only items that you have rights and permissions to view on the remote Mac (such as the contents of the Public folders on that computer). I discuss more about these limitations earlier in this chapter, in the “Is Spotlight secure?” sidebar.

Customizing Spotlight to Your Taste

You might wonder whether such an awesome Mac OS X feature has its own pane within System Preferences — and you’d be right again. Figure 7-3 shows off the Spotlight pane within System Preferences: Click the System Preferences icon (look for the gears) in the Dock and then click the Spotlight icon (under Personal) to display these settings.

Click the Search Results tab to

Determine which categories appear in the Spotlight menu and Results window. For example, if you don’t use any presentation software on your iMac, you can clear the check box next to Presentations to disable this category (thereby making more room for other categories that you will use).

Determine the order that categories appear in the Spotlight menu and Results window. Drag the categories to the order in which you want them to appear in the Spotlight menu and window. For example, I like the Documents and System Preferences categories to appear higher in the list because I use them most often.

Specify the Spotlight menu and Spotlight Results window keyboard shortcuts. You can enable or disable either keyboard shortcut and choose the key combination from the pop-up menu.

Click the Privacy tab (as shown in Figure 7-4) to specify disks and folders that should never be listed as results in a Spotlight search. I know, I know, I said earlier that Spotlight respects your security, and it does. However, the disks and folders that you add on this list won’t appear even if you are the one performing the search. (This is a great idea for folders and removable hard drives that you use to store sensitive information, such as medical records.)

To add locations that you want to keep private, click the Add button (bearing a plus sign) and navigate to the desired location. Click the location to select it and then click Choose. (Alternatively, you can drag folders or disks directly from a Finder window and drop them into the pane.)