Index

A

Aim control, 219

AL (Audio Library), 269

Android activity, 21, 43–44, 46, 64, 81

Android class, 48

Android interface, 131

Android method, 141

Android toolbar, 11

Android Virtual Devices (AVDs), 10–14, 16

APK (Application Package), 263

applications

architecture of, 23–34

main activity file, 25–26

native interface, 26–27

native library, 27–34

signing, 261–263

key store, 262

manually or visually, 262–263

testing on device, 35–37

architecture, game

for Doom, 151

for Quake, 202–216

game startup activity, 214–216

handling audio independently of format, 207–210

handling keyboard events, 210–212

handling touch events, 212–214

Java OpenGL renderer architecture, 202–207

attaching, to shaders, 119

audio, handling, 38–43

for Doom, 164–165

for Quake, 207–210

Audio Library (AL), 269

AudioManager class, 161, 164

AVDs (Android Virtual Devices), 10–14, 16

B

Bluetooth controllers, Zeemote joystick, 53–58

BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter( ) method, 58

C

C arrays

converting Java arrays to, 268

converting Java string arrays into, 32

C/C++ event handling, Java wrappers for, 38–48

cascading video events, 43–48

handling audio, 38–43

C language

defining variable-arguments functions in, 33–34

invoking Java language within, 269

C to Java callbacks, for Doom, 167, 174–180

fatal errors, 180

graphics initialization, 174–175

sound and music callbacks, 176–177

video buffer callback, 176

Call method, 29

callback listener, for Doom, 165–166

callbacks, 269

cascading video events, 43–48

key events, 46

renderers

mixed or hybrid, 44

Pure Hardware, 44–45

Pure Software, 43–44

touch events, 47–48

cbb.asIntBuffer( ) method, 79

cbb.order.ByteOrder.nativeOrder( ) method, 79

cheat sheets, JNI, 267–269

converting Java array to C array, 268

invoking Java language within C language, 269

loading Java class as global reference, 268

method syntax, 268

chooseConfig( ) method, 131

Compilation file, 34

compiling, 19–34

Android project with native support, 21–22

application architecture, 23–34

main activity file, 25–26

native interface, 26–27

native library, 27–34

icosahedron project, 143

with NDK

Doom for Android, 187–189

Quake II, 252–255

ConfigChooser class, 128

config.getButtonCount( ) method, 57

config.getJoystickCount( ) method, 57

connect( ) method, 56

ContextFactory class, 128

ContextFactory( ) method, 128

controllerUi.startConnectionProcess( ) method, 56

CreateGlEsInterface( ) method, 200

creating AVDs, 11–14

Cube class, 75, 77–79

cube file, native, 93

Cube( ) method, 76, 78, 86

cube renderers, native, 87–93

drawing frames, 89–90

Java callback, 91–92

native interface function, 92–93

scene initialization, 87

Cube_draw( ) method, 88–91, 94

CubeRenderer class, 74–77

CubeRenderer.drawFrame( ) method, 87, 89

CubeRenderer.surfaceCreated( ) method, 87

Cygwin tool, 10

D

development, native, 19–58

Bluetooth controllers, Zeemote joystick, 53–58

compiling code, 19–34

Android project with native support, 21–22

application architecture, 23–34

Java wrappers for C/C++ event handling, 38–48

of audio, 38–43

cascading video events, 43–48

multitouch schemes, 48–53

MultiTouchGesture class, 48–50

MultiTouchScreen class, 50–51

TestActivity class, 52–53

Open GL API, 80–98

main activity, 82–84

native cube file, 93

native cube renderer, 87–93

native interface class, 84–85

sample, 85–87, 94–98

shared library, compiling, 34–35

testing app on device, 35–37

devices

configuring, 15–16

power of, 60–61

testing applications on, 35–37

Displayed activity, 97–98

doNativeDraw( ) method, 86

Doom for Android, 145–192

C to Java callbacks, 167, 174–180

fatal errors, 180

graphics initialization, 174–175

sound and music callbacks, 176–177

video buffer callback, 176

changes to game, 181–187

commenting SDL occurrences, 182–183

inserting fatal error callback, 182

renaming main, 181–182

sound system changes, 183

video buffer changes, 184–187

compiling with NDK, 187–189

game architecture for, 151

handling audio independently of format, 164–165

and Java/C combo, 146–147

Java main activity, 151–163

audio request handlers, 161

creation handler, 152

fatal error handler, 160–161

game layout, 152–155

graphics initialization handler, 159

image update handler, 159–160

key and touch event handlers, 157–158

menu and selection handlers, 155–156

message updates, 160

navigation controls, 162–163

native interface class, 165–167

callback listener, 165–166

native methods, 166

native method implementations, 170–180

key and motion events, 173

native game loop, 171

overview, 149

testing in emulator, 189–191

draw( ) method, 66, 78

drawFrame( ) method, 75, 86–87, 89–90, 93

drawing, zooming and, 107–111

E

EAS (Enhanced Audio System), 269

Eclipse platform, configuring, 2–9

e.getAction( ) method, 50, 139, 212

e.getPointerCount( ) method, 50–51, 139

e.getX( ) method, 212

e.getY( ) method, 212

EGL (Embedded OpenGL), 72

eglChooseConfig( ) method, 121

EGLContext class, 80

EGLContext.getEGL( ) method, 80

egl.eglGetError( ) method, 129

EglHelper( ) method, 73

Embedded OpenGL (EGL), 72

Embedded System (ES), 60

emulators

overview, 189–191

running in Quake II, 255–258

Enhanced Audio System (EAS), 269

environments, 1–17

AVDs, 10–14

devices, configuring, 15–16

Eclipse platform, configuring, 2–9

NDK, installing, 9–10

SDK, downloading and installing, 2

setting up machine, 1–2

e.printStackTrace( ) method, 25, 68, 82

ES (Embedded System), 60

ES interface, 201

e.toString( ) method, 40, 157–158, 161, 163, 168, 211

event.getAction( ) method, 47, 158

event.getButtonID( ) method, 57

event.getController( ) method, 56–57

event.getCurrentLevel( ) method, 56

event.getMaximumLevel( ) method, 56

event.getMinimumLevel( ) method, 56

event.getWarningLevel( ) method, 56

evt.getAction( ) method, 162–164

ex.printStackTrace( ) method, 73

F

fatal errors, handling for Quake II, 245–248

FPS (frames per second), 45

Fragment Shader Language (FSL), 115–117

fragment shaders, 114

frames, drawing, 89–90

frames per second (FPS), 45

FSL (Fragment Shader Language), 115–117

G

game architecture

for Doom, 151

for Quake, 202–216

game startup activity, 214–216

handling audio independently of format, 207–210

handling keyboard events, 210–212

handling touch events, 212–214

Java OpenGL renderer architecture, 202–207

Game file, 149, 156

game layout, for Doom, 152–155

GameFileDownloader class, 151

G_CheckDemoStatus( ) method, 182

geometry shaders, 115

getConfigSpec( ) method, 75–76

geteuid( ) method, 239

getEvent( ) method, 73

getHolder( ) method, 68–69, 71

getSurfaceHolder( ) method, 69

getWindow( ) method, 52, 152, 215

getWindowManager( ) method, 52, 127, 215

glClear( ) method, 76, 89–90

glCreateProgram( ) method, 118, 135–136

glEnableClientState( ) method, 89

GLES interface, 197

glFlush( ) method, 218

gl.glLoadIdentity( ) method, 74, 76–77, 89

glLoadIdentity( ) method, 74, 89–90

global references, loading Java classes as, 268

gl*Pointer( ) method, 78

GLSL (OpenGL ES 2.0 Shading Language), 115

GLSwapBuffers( ) method, 84–85, 87

GLThread class, 71–74

GLThread.surfaceCreated( ) method, 68

GLThread.surfaceDestroyed( ) method, 69

gl_unimplemented( ) method, 197

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), 43, 60

g.reset( ) method, 51

guardedRun( ) method, 71–73

H

handling audio, 38–43

for Doom, 164–165

for Quake, 207–210

hybrid renderers, 44

hybrid scaling, with Open GL API, 99–111

drawing into texture, 103–106

initializing surface, 102

reasons for, 99–102

when image is not power of two, 106–111

I

I (integer), 31

icosahedron project, 121–139

activity, 127

compiling, 143

configuration chooser, 131–133

manifest, 126–127

pinching to zoom, 139–142

project shaders, 134

scene initialization, 135–137

scene rendering, 137–138

setting rotation speed, 138–139

shape defined, 121–123

surface renderer, 130–131

surface view, 128–129

swiping to change rotation speed, 139–142

images, hybrid scaling when not power of two, 106–111

ImageView.getLayoutParams( ) method, 159

immediate mode drawing, OpenGL ES vs. OpenGL, 195–196

init( ) method, 69

InitGLStructs( ) method, 197, 199

init_scene( ) method, 87, 93

integer (I), 31

I_ShutdownGraphics( ) method, 182

isRunning( ) method, 40–41

item.getItemId( ) method, 156

J

jargon, for Quake, 193–194

Java activity, 21, 47, 58, 82

Java arrays

converting string of into C array, 32

converting to C array, 268

getting size of, 33

Java/C combo, and Doom for Android, 146–147

Java callbacks, 91–92

Java class, 20, 27, 40, 61, 92, 180, 221, 236, 247, 268

Java heap, and Quake II, 234–235

Java language

invoking static void method, 33

invoking within C language, 269

Open GL API in, 61–79

Cube class, 77–79

CubeRenderer class, 74–77

example project, 62–66

GLThread class, 71–74

Java main activity, 67–68

Surface View class, 68–71

Java main activity, for Doom, 151–163

audio request handlers, 161

creation handler, 152

fatal error handler, 160–161

game layout, 152–155

graphics initialization handler, 159

image update handler, 159–160

key and touch event handlers, 157–158

menu and selection handlers, 155–156

message updates, 160

navigation controls, 162–163

Java method, 19, 23, 33, 46, 89, 103, 169, 176, 237, 245

Java Native Interface. See JNI

Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 30

Java wrappers, for C/C++ event handling, 38–48

of audio, 38–43

cascading video events, 43–48

JavaGLActivity.onCreate( ) method, 67

JIT (Just in Time), 38

JNI class, 43, 176

JNI (Java Native Interface), cheat sheet, 267–269

converting Java array to C array, 268

invoking Java language within C language, 269

loading Java class as global reference, 268

method syntax, 268

JNI method, 92, 178, 255

jni.Natives.LibMain( ) method, 33

jni.Natives.OnMessage( ) method, 37

Just in Time (JIT), 38

JVM (Java Virtual Machine), 30

K

key events, 46

key stores, 262

L

libraries

compiling shared, 34–35

native, 27–34

listener.GLSwapBuffers( ) method, 85

loading, shaders, 118–119

M

MAC (message authentication code), 54

main activity

files, 25–26

Java, 67–68

Open GL API, 82–84

main( ) method, 31, 181

mEglHelper.finish( ) method, 73–74

mEglHelper.swap( ) method, 74, 87

message authentication code (MAC), 54

method syntax, JNI, 268

mGLSurfaceView.onPause( ) method, 68, 83

mGLSurfaceView.onResume( ) method, 68, 83

mGLThread.onPause( ) method, 70

mGLThread.onResume( ) method, 70

mGLThread.requestExitAndWait( ) method, 71

mGLThread.start( ) method, 70–71, 86

mGLThread.surfaceCreated( ) method, 70

mGLThread.surfaceDestroyed( ) method, 70

mixed renderers, 44

MotionEvent type, 141

mRenderer.getConfigSpec( ) method, 73

mTrack.play( ) method, 40, 208

multitouch schemes, 48–53

MultiTouchGesture class, 48–50

MultiTouchScreen class, 50–51

TestActivity class, 52–53

MultiTouchGesture class, 48–50

MultiTouchGesture.eGestureType type, 49

MultiTouchScreen class, 50–52

mView.getLayoutParams( ) method, 159

MyApp( ) method, 20

N

NanoGL, for Quake, 197–202

NanoGL interface, 200

nanoGL_Destroy( ) method, 199–200

nanoGL_Init( ) method, 199–200, 217, 249

Native activity, 83

native cube file, 93

native cube renderers, 87–93

drawing frames, 89–90

Java callback, 91–92

native interface function, 92–93

scene initialization, 87

native development, 19–58

Bluetooth controllers, Zeemote joystick, 53–58

compiling code, 19–34

Android project with native support, 21–22

application architecture, 23–34

Java wrappers for C/C++ event handling, 38–48

of audio, 38–43

cascading video events, 43–48

multitouch schemes, 48–53

MultiTouchGesture class, 48–50

MultiTouchScreen class, 50–51

TestActivity class, 52–53

Open GL API, 80–98

main activity, 82–84

native cube file, 93

native cube renderer, 87–93

native interface class, 84–85

sample, 85–87, 94–98

shared library, compiling, 34–35

testing app on device, 35–37

Native Development Kit (NDK), installing, 9–10

native interface class

for Doom, 165–167

callback listener, 165–166

native methods, 166

overview, 84–85

native interface function, 92–93

native interfaces, 26–27

native libraries, 27–34

defining variable-arguments function in C language, 33–34

invoking Java static void method, 33

Java arrays

converting string of into C array, 32

getting size of, 33

Native method, 169

NativeAudio class, 209

NativeAudio.start( ) method, 204, 209, 245, 252

NativeRender( ) method, 84–85

Natives class, 28, 30, 33, 91, 170–171, 205

Natives.EventListener interface, 158

Natives.java class, 237

Natives.NativeRender( ) method, 86

Natives.OnMessage method, 33

Natives.RenderFrame( ) method, 203

navigation controls, for Doom, 162–163

NDK, compiling with, Doom for Android, 187–189

NDK (Native Development Kit), installing, 9–10

O

OnCloseAudio( ) method, 40, 42

onCreate( ) method, 72, 152

onDestroy( ) method, 72

onDetachedFromWindow( ) method, 70–71

OnImageUpdate( ) method, 172

OnLockAudio( ) method, 40–41

onPause( ) method, 68, 70, 83

onResume( ) method, 68, 70, 83

OnUnLockAudio( ) method, 41

Open GL API

hybrid scaling with, 99–111

drawing into texture, 103–106

initializing surface, 102

reasons for, 99–102

when image is not power of two, 106–111

in Java language, 61–79

Cube class, 77–79

CubeRenderer class, 74–77

example project, 62–66

GLThread class, 71–74

Java main activity, 67–68

Surface View class, 68–71

native development, 80–98

main activity, 82–84

native cube file, 93

native cube renderer, 87–93

native interface class, 84–85

sample, 85–87, 94–98

power of devices, 60–61

OpenGL ES

vs. OpenGL, 195–196

floating point issues, 196

immediate mode drawing, 195–196

OpenGL ES 1.x, vs. OpenGL ES 2.0, 120–121

OpenGL ES 2.0, 113–120

fragment shaders, 114

FSL, 115–117

geometry shaders, 115

GLSL, 115

icosahedron project, 121–139

activity, 127

compiling, 143

configuration chooser, 131–133

manifest, 126–127

pinching to zoom, 139–142

project shaders, 134

scene initialization, 135–137

scene rendering, 137–138

setting rotation speed, 138–139

shape defined, 121–123

surface renderer, 130–131

surface view, 128–129

swiping to change rotation speed, 139–142

vs. OpenGL ES 1.x, 120–121

shaders, 114–120

attaching to shader, 119

creating program, 117–118

getting link status, 119

linking shader program, 119

loading shader, 118–119

program validation and status, 120

using program, 120

vertex shaders, 114

VSL, 115

OpenGL ES 2.0 Shading Language (GLSL), 115

OpenGL immediate mode, and Quake II, 248

OpenGL interface, 200

opengl.jni.Natives.NativeRender( ) method, 92

P

performance, of Quake II, 258–259

pinching to zoom, icosahedron project, 139–142

PixelFormat class, 69

preloadSounds( ) method, 164

projects, icosahedron, 121–139

activity, 127

compiling, 143

configuration chooser, 131–133

manifest, 126–127

pinching to zoom, 139–142

project shaders, 134

scene initialization, 135–137

scene rendering, 137–138

setting rotation speed, 138–139

shape defined, 121–123

surface renderer, 130–131

surface view, 128–129

swiping to change rotation speed, 139–142

Pure Hardware renderers, 44–45

Pure Software renderer, 43–44

Q

qglFlush( ) method, 252

Quake for Android, 193–232

changes to game, 216–225

audio handler changes, 220–221

fixing game loop, 223–225

handling forward and side movement, 220

handling pitch and yaw, 219–220

video handler changes, 216–218

game architecture, 202–216

game startup activity, 214–216

handling audio independently of format, 207–210

handling keyboard events, 210–212

handling touch events, 212–214

Java OpenGL renderer architecture, 202–207

jargon for, 193–194

NanoGL for, 197–202

OpenGL vs. OpenGL ES, 195–196

floating point issues, 196

immediate mode drawing, 195–196

running on device, 225–229

Quake II for Android, 233–260

code reusability, 236–245

audio handling, 243–245

game startup, 237–238

handling key events, 241

moving in 3D space, 241–243

rendering single frame, 238–241

compiling with NDK, 252–255

handling fatal errors, 245–248

and Java heap needed, 234–235

OpenGL immediate mode issues, 248

performance of, 258–259

running on device or emulator, 255–258

video handlers, 248–252

setting video mode and size, 249–252

video initialization, 249

when rendering completes, 252

QuakeRenderer( ) method, 203

QuakeView class, 248, 255

R

Renderer interface, 63–64, 67, 74

renderers

mixed or hybrid, 44

Pure Hardware, 44–45

Pure Software, 43–44

RenderFrame( ) method, 205–206, 224–225, 237–240

requestFocus( ) method, 203

reset( ) method, 49

r.run( ) method, 73

run( ) method, 40, 46, 72, 129, 160–161, 208, 210–212

Runnable( ) method, 40, 46, 129, 160–161, 208, 210–212

running

on device, Quake II, 255–258

in emulator, Quake II, 255–258

Quake for Android, 225–229

S

scaling, hybrid, 99–111

drawing into texture, 103–106

initializing surface, 102

reasons for, 99–102

when image is not power of two, 106–111

scenes, initializing, 87

SD Card, 13

SDKs (Software Development Kits), downloading and installing, 2

sEglSemaphore.acquire( ) method, 71–72

sEglSemaphore.release( ) method, 71, 73

seteuid.getuid( ) method, 239

setGameUI( ) method, 152

setRenderer( ) method, 71

setupPanControls( ) method, 152, 163

shaders, 114–120

attaching to, 119

creating program, 117–118

getting link status, 119

linking program, 119

loading, 118–119

program validation and status, 120

using program, 120

ShadersActivity class, 139

ShadersView object, 127

Software Development Kits (SDKs), downloading and installing, 2

start( ) method, 208–209

static void method, Java language, invoking, 33

stop( ) method, 39, 41–42

string arrays, Java, converting into C array, 32

super( ) method, 72

super.onDetachedFromWindow( ) method, 70

super.onPause( ) method, 68, 83

super.onResume( ) method, 68, 83

Surface View class, 68–71

surfaceCreated( ) method, 69

SurfaceHolder.addCallback( ) method, 68

surfaces, initializing, 102

swapBuffers( ) method, 74

SysError( ) method, 206

System class, 207

System.currentTimeMillis( ) method, 130

T

TestActivity class, 52–53

testing in emulator, Doom for Android, 189–191

textures, drawing into, 103–106

touch events, 47–48

t.start( ) method, 41

U

UI (user interface), 192

USB driver, 15–16

user interface (UI), 192

V

variable-arguments functions, defining in C language, 33–34

vbb.asIntBuffer( ) method, 79

vbb.order.ByteOrder.nativeOrder( ) method, 78

Vertex Shader Language (VSL), 115

vertex shaders, 114

video, cascading events, 43–48

key events, 46

renderers, 43–45

touch events, 47–48

video handlers, for Quake II, 248–252

setting video mode and size, 249–252

video initialization, 249

when rendering completes, 252

View.OnTouchListener( ) method, 162–163

ViewRenderer( ) method, 128–129

VSL (Vertex Shader Language), 115

W

wait( ) method, 73

X, Y

XML file, 126

Z

zee.connect( ) method, 58

Zeemote class, 58

Zeemote joystick, 53–58

zooming, and drawing, 107–111