Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

The Author

Chapter 1    Data Warehouse ROI

A Data Warehouse Needs a Purpose

A Data Warehouse Needs an ROI

Gravitational Pull of a Data Warehouse

Purpose and ROI

Not Quite a Victim of Success

Performance

Relational Integrity

Data Quality

Purpose

Chapter 2    What Is Market Basket Analysis?

Analysis versus Reporting

Elements of Market Basket Analysis

Itemset

Object

Affinity

Statistics in Market Basket Analysis

Logic of Market Basket Analysis

Enterprise Relationships

Outside the Basket

What Market Basket Analysis Is Not

Affinity Is Not Causality

Affinity Is Not Intent

Market Basket Analysis as an Activity

Back to the Basket

Chapter 3    How Does Market Basket Analysis Produce ROI?

Analytic Structure

Analytic Skills

Actionable Knowledge

Complements

Substitutes

Independents

KPIs

ROI

Chapter 4    Why Is Market Basket Analysis Difficult?

Noise

Large Data Volumes

Time

Groups

Completeness and Data Sampling

Data Sample Integrity

Data Warehouse Data Structures

Flexibility of the Itemset

Lack of Control

Recursive Nature of Market Basket Analysis

On Your Mark...Get Set...Go!

Chapter 5    Market Basket Analysis Solution Definition

Market Basket Scope Statement

Definition of the Itemset

Definition of the Driver Object

Definition of the Correlation Object

Key Definitions

Itemset Key Definition

Object Key Definition

Attribute Definitions

Itemset Metric Definitions

Market Basket Table

Market Basket Query

Itemset

Driver Object

Correlation Object

Recursive Join

Single Object Itemset

Market Basket BI Table

Market Basket Analysis BI View

DRIVER_OBJECT_KEY

CORR_OBJECT_KEY

DRIVER_QUANTITY_SUM

DRIVER_DOLLARS_SUM

DRIVER_COUNT_SUM

CORR_QUANTITY_SUM

CORR_DOLLARS_SUM

CORR_COUNT_SUM

QUANTITY_RATIO

DOLLARS_RATIO

COUNT_RATIO

Additional Group by Data Elements

Beyond the Market Basket Analysis BI View

Object Groups

Market Basket Reporting in Batch

Chapter 6    Market Basket Architecture and Database Design

Market Basket Analysis Architecture

Data Warehouse

Market Basket Table

Market Basket BI Table

Analysts

Market Basket Reporting Architecture

Data Warehouse

Market Basket Table

Market Basket BI Table

Market Basket KPI Exception Reporting

Market Basket Data Definition Language (DDL)

Construction of the Market Basket Table

Teradata

Oracle

DB2

SQL Server

Product Join

Construction of the Market Basket BI Table

Datamart Architecture

Chapter 7    ETL into a Market Basket Datamart

Requirement: Populate the Market Basket BI Table

Singularity

Completeness

Identity

Metadata

Data Quality

Market Basket ETL Design

Step 1: Extract from a Fact Table and Load to a Market Basket Table

Step 2: Recursively Join the Market Basket Table and Load a Market Basket BI Table

Step 3: Arithmetic Juxtaposition of Driver Objects and Correlation Objects

Step 4: Load a Market Basket BI Table Using a Correlation Hierarchy

Step 5: Load a Market Basket BI Table Using a Driver Hierarchy

Step 6: Load a Market Basket BI Table Using the Same Hierarchy as Driver and Correlation

Chapter 8    What Is Time Variance?

Time

Periodicity

The More Things Change

The More They Stay the Same

Year, Quarter, Month, Week, Cycle, Day of Week, Time Zone, Date, and Time of Day

Ralph Kimball’s Variations of Time Variance

Type 1—All History Looks Like Now

Type 2—All History in Its Own Context

Type 3—Alternate History

Time Variant Data

Chapter 9    How Does Time Variance Produce ROI?

Cause and Effect

Cause and Effect Is Not Causal Analysis

Exceptions to the Rule

Rules to the Exception

Chapter 10  Why Is Time Variance Difficult?

Relational Set Logic

Sets—The Bane of Time Variance

Options

Stored Procedures

Temporal Databases

Time Variant Solution Design

Chapter 11  Time Variant Solution Definition

Time Variant Problem Reprise

The Goal of This Time Variant Solution Design

One Row at a Time

Not a Surrogate Key

Instance Key

Join to a Simple Instance Key

Join to a Compound Instance Key

Cascading Instance Keys

Which Tables Use Instance Keys?

Type 1 Time Variance

Type 1 and Type 2 Combined

Summary Tables

ETL Cycles

Instance Keys

Real Time and Time Variance

First Time Variant Subject Area

Chapter 12  Time Variant Database Definition

Tables of Types and Types of Tables

Type 2 Time Variant Dimension Tables

Type 1 and Type 2 Time Variant Dimension Tables in a Shared Environment

Type 1 Time Variant Dimension Tables

All the Same Columns

Only the Row in Effect Right Now

Entity Primary Keys

Entity Foreign Keys

Fact Tables

Time Summary Tables

Conclusion

Chapter 13  ETL into a Time Variant Data Warehouse

Changed Data Capture

Entities

Attributes

ETL Cycle and Periodicity

Time Variant Metadata

Back to the Original Problem

Instance Keys in Dimension ETL

New Row

Updated Row

Discontinued Row

Cascading Instance Keys

Dimension Load

Delete

Update

Insert

Data Quality

Metadata

Fact ETL

Instance Keys in Fact ETL

Data Quality in Fact ETL

Metadata in Fact ETL

Instance Keys—The Manufacturing Example

Type 1 Time Variance

Type 2 Time Variance

Summary ETL

Type 1 Summary ETL

Type 2 Summary ETL

Metadata, Data Quality, and the Like

Chapter 14  Market Basket Analysis in a Time Variant Data Warehouse

High-Level Review

Market Basket Analysis at a High Level

Time Variance at a High Level

Market Basket Analysis in a Time Variant Context at a High Level

Elements of Time Variant Market Basket Analysis

Itemset

Object

Forms of Time Variant Market Basket Analysis

Sample Data

Instance Driver Object and Instance Correlation Object

Instance Driver Object and Entity Correlation Object

Entity Driver Object and Instance Correlation Object

Entity Driver Object and Entity Correlation Object

Conclusion

References

Index

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