Index
Note: Page numbers followed by “f” and “t” refer to figures and tables, respectively.
A
Accellerase Duet product,
23–24
Actinobacillus succinogenes,
26–27
Advanced biohydrocarbons,
28
Agricultural and Fisheries Council of the European Union,
81–82
Agricultural residues-based supply chains,
106–108
corn and wheat residue costs at farm gate,
106–107
crop residue costs delivered at conversion plant,
107–108,
107f
American Association of Cost Engineers,
43
Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process,
19–20,
173
Anaerobic digestion (AD),
14–15
Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens,
26–27
Annual capital costs (ACC),
46,
47
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
Ash content, role in biochemical conversion process,
16,
16–17
B
Biochemical conversion,
57–58
bioethanol production,
58
Biochemical pretreatment,
18–20
defined,
in IEA Bioenergy member countries, status of,
3–7
Bioethanol
Biofuels, value chain of,
74f
Biomass
conversion technologies for,
14f
preprocessing methods,
15–18
supply and demand centers,
92–95
Bio-oil
wood-derived crude, properties of,
34t
Biopower markets, development of,
95–96
demonstration and full-scale plants,
53–63
starch/sugar-based biorefineries,
58–61,
61t
economic considerations for,
43–49
lignocellulosic biomass, bioethanol and bio-oil derived from,
49–53,
50f,
52f
BTG BioLiquids BV (BTG-BTL),
57
C
Capital expenditures (CAPEX),
43
Carbohydrate content, role in biochemical conversion process,
17
Cellulose, saccharification of,
20–24
Chemical pretreatment,
18–20
Circular Economy Plan,
84–85
Clostridium beijerinckii,
27
Commoditization of biomass markets,
139
international market integration,
155–156
obstacles to
Commodity-scale biomass trade,
115
leveraging gas handling infrastructure,
132–135
leverage liquids handling infrastructure,
129–132
leveraging solids handling infrastructure,
122–129
forest biomass, shipping of,
128–129
residue bundling system integration with forest industry,
125–128,
127f
wood pellets, conventional and torrefied,
122–125,
125t
Composite residue logs (CRL),
126–127
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP),
25–26
Corn residue costs
Council on Sustainable Biomass Production (CSBP),
73
D
Depot
configurations and evolvement,
172–174
mobilization gridlock via merchandisable intermediates for multiple markets, overcoming,
174–175,
174b
vertical supply chain, separating,
175–176
market challenges and opportunities for,
178t,
182t
Dilute acid hydrolysis,
19
E
Energy crop-based supply chains,
99–104
Energy-driven biorefineries,
70
Enterobacter aerogenes,
27
European Commission (EC)
bioeconomy strategies,
European Committee for Standardization (ECN),
73–74
Action Plan for the Circular Economy,
81
Renewable Energy Directive (RED),
73
Exponential method,
45–49
F
demonstration and full-scale plants,
53–57
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,
55,
56f
Feedstock supply chains, challenges within large-scale,
167,
168t
Final conversion facility, location of,
98–99
First-generation biofuels and bioenergy crops,
75–77
Fixed capital investment,
43
Food-grade
L-methionine,
30
Forest biomass, shipping of,
128–129
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC),
73
Fossil fuels, value chain of,
74f
G
Global Bioenergy Partnership,
73
Glycerol
catalytic dehydration of,
30
Hemicellulose
saccharification of,
20–24
Herbaceous biomass,
94–95
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC),
91,
96
3-Hydroxypropionicacid,
58–60
I
IEA Bioenergy Implementing Agreement,
3–7,
bioeconomy strategies across,
Inside battery limits (IBL),
43
Integrated lifecycle sustainability assessment (ILCSA),
74–75
Intermediate goods, commodity for,
148–150
International Maritime Organization (IMO),
123
International market integration,
155–156
International Organization for Standardization (ISO),
73–74,
134
International trade of biomass,
95–104
biopower markets, development of,
95–96
energy crop-based supply chains,
99–104
final conversion facility, location of,
98–99
K
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
55,
56f
Klebsiella pneumoniae,
27
L
Lactobacillus delbrueckii,
27
Leverage liquids handling infrastructure,
129–132
Leveraging gas handling infrastructure,
132–135
Leveraging solids handling infrastructure,
122–129
forest biomass, shipping of,
128–129
residue bundling system integration with forest industry,
125–128,
127f
wood pellets, conventional and torrefied,
122–125,
125t
Lignin content, role in biochemical conversion process,
17
Local/regional trade of biomass,
104–108
M
supply chain opportunities,
179–182
Minimum fuel selling price (MFSP),
167
N
New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX),
147,
157
O
Operating expenditure (OPEX),
43
Organic Farming Regulation,
15
Outside battery limits (OBL),
43
P
Paenibacillus polymyxa,
27
Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD),
28
Physical pretreatment,
18–20
Preprocessed biomass for power generation, biomass supply and trade opportunities of,
91
biopower markets, development of,
95–96
energy crop-based supply chains,
99–104
final conversion facility, location of,
98–99
local/regional trade of biomass,
104–108
hydrothermal carbonization,
91
Product-driven biorefineries,
70
R
REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization & restriction of Chemicals),
124–125
Residue bundling system integration with forest industry,
125–128,
127f
S
Saccharification, of cellulose/hemicelluloses,
20–24
Second-generation biorefineries, development of,
11
anaerobic digestion,
14–15
bioethanol, (bio)-catalytic production of,
24–30,
25f,
26t
cellulose/hemicelluloses, saccharification of,
20–24
preprocessing technologies,
15–18
thermochemical conversion,
30–36
Selling price (SP),
46,
46
Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF),
25–26
Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF),
25–26
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF),
25–26,
27
Starch/sugar-based biorefineries,
58–61,
61t
Step accounting method,
45
first-generation biofuels and bioenergy crops,
75–77
future assessment considerations in bioeconomy sector,
82–85
methodologies and frameworks, overview of,
72–75
recommendations for,
85–86
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI),
73
T
Transportable biomass, properties of,
125t
Trichoderma longibrachiatum,
23
U
UN Sustainable Development Goals,
82
U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE),
23–24,
26,
26t
US Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2),
120–121
V
Vertical supply chain, separating,
175–176
W
Wheat residue costs, at farm gate,
106–107
Wood pellets, conventional and torrefied,
122–125,
125t
X
Z