Index
A
Action Controller
communication with view, 104–105
controller specs, 526–529
filters, 105–111
around, 109
classes 107
conditions, 110
halting chain, 111
inheritance, 106
ordering, 108
skipping, 110
layouts, specifying, 101
post-backs, 357
rendering, 92–101
standard RESTful actions, 61–64
streaming content, 112–116
verify method, 111–112
Action Dispatch, 88–91
Action Mailer, 471–481
custom email headers, 473
generating URLs inside messages, 476
handing inbound attachments, 478
HTML messages, 474
mailer layouts, 476
models, 472
multipart messages, 475
preparing outbound messages, 472
raising delivery errors, 19
receiving, 477–479
sending, 477
server configuration, 479
SMTP, 471
testing with RSpec, 479–481
Action View, 293–308
conditional output, 296
customizing validation error output, 315
ERb, 293
filename conventions, 294
flash messages, 300–302
Haml, 293
instance variables, 297–302
layouts, 294–295
partials, see Partials.
view specs, 529–531
yielding content, 295
Active Model, 561–578
AttributeMethods module, 561–562
Callbacks module, 563
Conversion module, 563–564
Dirty module, 564
Errors class, 565
MassAssignmentSecurity module, 567
Naming module, 569
observers, 569–571
serialization, 571–573
testing compatibility of custom classes with Lint::Tests, 567
translation, 573
Validations module, 574–578
Active Resource 459–471
authentication, 465
customizing default URLs, 463
Active Record
abstract base models, 276
:counter_cache option, 190, 195
:counter_sql option, 187
:dependent option, 187, 188, 195
:finder_sql option, 187
AssociationProxy class, 228–229
belongs_to. See belongs_to associations
checking inclusion of records in collection, 189
class hierarchy, 181
destroying records, 188
extensions, 226–227
foreign-key constraints, 281
has_and_belongs_to_many. See has_and_belongs_to_many associations
has_many :through. See has_many :through associations
has_many. See has_many associations
indexing, 484
many-to-many relationships, 208–214
one-to-many relationships, 183–190
one-to-one relationships, 222–225
polymorphic, 277–281
size of, 190
unique sets, 190
unsaved objects, 225
attributes, 123–126
controlling access, 140
readonly, 141
reloading, 131
serialized, 125
typecasting, 131
updating, 136–1140
Base class, 120
basic object operations, 127–133
calculation methods, 265–267
callbacks, 256–265
list of, 258–259
cloning, 131
concurrency. See Database locking
configuration, 158
dynamic finder methods, 132
dynamic scopes, 133
find_by_sql method, 133–134
legacy naming schemes, 122–123
model specs, 526–528
migrations, 161–179
column type mappings, 168–172
creating, 161–172
magic timestamp columns, 172
schema.rb file, 174
sequencing, 162
pattern, 119
query caching, 135–136
querying, 146–152
exists, 152
from, 150
group, 150
having, 150
includes, 151
joins, 151
limit, 149
offset, 149
order, 148
readonly, 152
select, 149
where, 146–148
RecordInvalid exception, 187
RecordNotSaved exception, 187, 188
records
deleting, 141–142
random ordering, 148
touching, 139
scopes, 251–255
session store, 429
STI (Single-Table Inheritance), 269–276
validations, 231–250
common options, 242–243
conditional validation, 243–245
contexts, 245
custom macros, 247–248
enforcing uniqueness of join models, 240
reporting, 310–312
short-form, 245–246
skipping, 249
testing with Shoulda, 250
value objects, 281–285
Active Support, 579–686
Ajax, 409–425
changes in Rails 3, 410
CSS selectors, 418
HTML fragments, 421
JSON, 419–421
JSONP, 423–424
Unobtrusive JavaScript (UJS), 411–412
Array, extensions, 579–585
Asset timestamps, 323
Asynchronous processing, See Background processing.
Atom Feeds
autodetection, 316–317
atom_feed method, 324–326
Authentication, 433
Active Resource, 465
client-side certificates, 466
HTTP basic, 465
HTTP digest, 466
Authlogic, 434
configuration, 437–438
B
background processing, 549–559
Base64 class, 586
BasicObject class, 586–587
belongs_to associations, 191–199
building and creating related objects, 192
options, 192–199
polymorphic, 197
reloading, 191
touch, 198
with conditions, 193
benchmarking, 587
binary data storage, 170
breadcrumbs, 400–401
Builder::XmlMarkup class, 454
Bundler, 2–7
loading gems directly from Git repository, 4–5
C
Caching
action caching, 484–485
CacheHelper module, 326
controlling web caches and proxies, 497
disabling in development mode, 18
ETags, 498–500
expiration, 488–491
fetch, 496–497
fragment caching, 486–488
page caching, 484
query caching, 135–136
storage, 493
Store class, 590–595
view caching, 483–495
Callbacks. See also Active Record, callbacks
in Active Support, 595–597
CAS, 443
CDATA, 366
chars proxy, 645–648
Class, extensions, 598
Concern module, 602
Concurrency. See Database Locking
Configurable module, 603
const missing method, 644
Controllers. See Action Controller
convention over configuration, 119, 122
Cookies
:secure option, 432
integrity, 11–12
reading and writing, 431
session store, 429
signing, 432
CRUD (Create Read Update Delete), 119
CSS
linking stylesheets to template, 318–319
sanitizing, 365
Currency
formatting, 359
Money gem, 284
D
data migration, 173–174
Databases
connecting to multiple, 153–154
foreign-key constraints, 281
locking, 142–146
considerations, 145
optimistic, 143
pessimistic, 145
migrations. See ActiveRecord, Migrations.
seeding, 175–76
using directly, 154–158
Date, extensions, 603–609
Date input tags, 328–331
DateTime, extensions, 609
Decent Exposure gem, 105, 297–298
Delayed Job gem, 550–553
Deprecation, 617
Devise gem, 439
Domain-Specific Languages, 291
Drag and Drop, 415
Duration class, 617–618
E
Email. See Action Mailer
Enumerable, extensions, 619–620
ETags, 498–500
Excerpting text, 370
F
Facebook, 443
favicon.ico file, 317
Files
extensions by Active Support, 621–622
reporting sizes to users, 359
Firebug, 410
floats, 171
Forms
_destroy checkbox, 345
_method hidden field, 64
accepts_nested_attributes_for method, 344–345
attributes not typecasted, 343
automatic view creation, 313–314
button_to helper method, 391
custom builder classes, 347
dynamically adding rows of child records, 338
helper methods, 333–358
input, 348–358
updating multiple objects at once, 337
G
Gemfile, 3
Geocoding, 260–261
H
has_and_belongs_to_many associations, 208–214
bidirectional, 210
custom SQL, 211–213
extra columns, 213
making self-referential, 209
has_many :through associations, 214–221
and validations, 218
join models, 215
options, 219–221
usage, 216
has_many associations, 199–208
:class_name option, 202
:conditions option, 202
:include option, 204–206
callbacks, 200–201
has_one associations, 222–225
options, 224–225
together with has_many, 223
Hash, extensions, 622–627
HashWithIndifferentAccess class, 627
Heckle, 534
Helper methods,
helper specs, 531
writing your own 398–407
HTML
escaping, 367
sanitizing, 364–365
tags
a, 392–394
audio, 319
label, 348
form. See Forms.
option, 353–355
password, 349
select, 350–351
script, 359
submit, 349
video, 320
HTTP
basic authentication, 465
foundation of REST, 55–56
stateless, 427
status codes, 99–101
verbs (GET, POST, etc.), 60–64, 393
I
IMAP, 443
Image tags, 320
Initializers, 11–14
backtrace_silencers.rb, 11
cookie_verification_secret.rb, 11–12
inflections.rb, 12–13
mime_types.rb, 14
Inflections. See Pluralization
Integer, extensions, 632–633
Internationalization (I18n), 372–391
Active Model, 573
Active Record, 386
default locale, 10
exception handling, 391
interpolation, 385
locale files, 382–383
process, 380–390
setting user locales, 377–380
setup, 374–380
J
JavaScript, 97, 317–318, 358–259, 409–425
escaping, 358
including in template, 317–318
link_to method enhancements, 392–393
using to insert HTML into pages, 338
JQuery framework, 410–411, 418, 421, 423–424
JSONP, 423–424
K
Kernel, extensions, 634–635
L
LDAP, 443
link_to helper methods, 392–394
Locale files, 382–383
Logging, 23–28
BufferedLogger class, 588–590
colorization, 27
level override, 15
levels, 23–24
log file analysis, 26–27
Logger, extensions, 635–637
Syslog, 28
M
Memcache, session store, 428
MessageEncryptor class, 636–637
MessageVerifier class, 637–638
Middleware (Rack), 86–88
MIME types, 13–14
Module, extensions, 638
MongoDB, 444
MVC (Model-View-Controller), 85
N
Named scopes. See Active Record, scopes.
Nonces, 430
Notifications, 651–652
Numbers
delimiters, 360
extensions to Numeric class, 650–653
conversion, 359–361
O
Object, extensions, 653
Observers, 10
OpenID, 443
OpenSSL Digests, 431
P
params hash, 336–338
passing variables to, 305
rendering collections, 306
reuse, 303
shared, 304
wrapping and generalizing, 401–407
Plugins, 535–548
as RubyGems, 536
extending Rails classes, 540
installation and removal, 542–543
load order, 9–10
plugin script, 536
rake tasks, 543–544
testing, 545–546
writing your own, 537–548
Pluralization
i18n, 385
Inflector class, 12–13
Inflections class, 628–632
pluralize helper method, 370
helper methods, 361
Prototype Legacy Helper plugin, 413
R
Rack::Sendfile middleware, 114
RACK_ENV variable, 1
routes as Rack endpoints, 41–42
rails.js file, 411
Rails
Class loader and reloading, 16–18, 613–617
console, 12
reloading, 92
Engines, 549
lib directory, 17
root directory, 9
runner, 559
scaffolding, 311–314
settings, 1–29
application.rb file, 8–11
autoload paths, 9
boot.rb file, 8
cherry-picking frameworks used, 8
custom environments, 20
development mode, 15–19
environment.rb file, 8
generator defaults, 11
initializers. See Initializers
production mode, 20–23
test mode, 19–20
RAILS_ENV variable, 1
Rake tasks (selected),
log:clear 24
routes, 53
spec, 521
Random
ordering of records, 148
SecureRandom generator class, 661–662
Range, extensions, 658–659
RecordNotFound exception, 128
Regexp, extensions, 660
Rendering views, 92–101
another actions’s template, 93
implicit, 92–93
inline templates, 96
JSON, 97
nothing, 97
options, 98
partials, see Partials.
text, 96
XML, 97
Request handling
in routing, 89
verification, 111–112
Rescuable module, 662
Resque gem, 553–557
REST and RESTful design, 55–83
action set, 78–82
collection routes, 72
controller-only resources, 74
forms, 335
member routes, 70–71
HTTP verbs, 60–64
nested resources, 65–69
resources and representations, 40–41, 56–57, 76–77
singular resource routes, 64–65
standard controller actions, 61–64
Roy T. Fielding. See also REST and RESTful design, 55–58
Routing, 31–54
constraining by request method, 38–39
formats, 40
globbing, 45–46
listing, 53
match method, 34–37
named, 46–50
:format parameter, 76
collection, 72
member, 70–71
nested, 65–69
singular, 64–65
redirecting, 39–40
root routes, 44–45
routes.rb file, 33–34
scopes, 50–53
RJS, 412–419
templates, 413
RSS autodetection, 316–317
RPX authentication, 445
RSpactor, 531
RSpec, 501–533
assertions, 510
custom expectation matchers, 514
generator settings, 11
grouping related examples, 504
let methods, 504–506
mocking and stubbing, 517–520
pending, 509–510
predicate matchers, 513–514
running specs, 520
runtime options, 522
shared behaviors, 517
spec_helper.rb file, 515, 522–524
subjects, 511–513
testing email, 449–481
Ruby
hashes, 450
macro-style methods, 121
Marshal API, 425
modules for reusing common behavior, 285–289
RubyGems
as plugins, 536
Bundler, 2–7
Git repository, loading directly from, 4
installing, 5–7
packaging, 7
using pre-release gems, 4
S
Scopes, see Active Record, scopes
Security
CSRF attacks, 336
replay attacks, 429
SQL injection, 134
Session Management, 425–432
cleaning old sessions, 430
storage
RESTful considerations, 75
turning off sessions, 427
Settings, 1–29
Specjour, 532
Spork, 532
SSL
OpenSSL digests, 429
serving protected assets, 323
X.509 certificates, 465–466
Static content, 116
Streaming, 112–116
String,
extensions, 662–671
usage versus symbols, 130
StringInquirer class, 671
SOAP, 457
Symbol,
extensions, 671
usage versus strings, 130
T
Templates. See View templates.
Thread safety, 22–23
extensions, 673–680
input tags, 328–331
reporting distances in time, 332–333
storing in database, 170
Time Zones
DateTime conversions, 612
default, 10
option tags helper, 354–355
TimeZone class, 681
TimeWithZone class, 680
Truncating text, 372
U
Unobtrusive JavaScript (UJS), 411–412
URL
generation, 395–398
patterns in routing, 35–36
segment keys, 36–38
V
Validation. See Active Record, validations
Value objects, 281–285
View templates. See also Action View, 293–308
capturing block content, 326–327
concat method, 368
cycling content, 369
debugging output, 333
encapsulating logic in helper methods, 399
highlighting content, 370
localization, 373
raw output, 361
record identification, 362–364
transforming text into HTML, 371
translation. See Internationalization.
word wrap, 372
Visual effects, 419
W
Watchr, 532
Web architecture, 55–56
Whiny nils, 18
X
XML, 445–457
parsing, 456
to_xml method, 445–454
Active Record associations, 448
customizing output, 446–448
extra elements, 452
overriding, 453–455
Ruby hashes, 450
typecasting, 457
XML Builder, 454–456
XMLHttpRequestObject, 409
XMLMini module, 684–686