Contents

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Preface

 

Chapter 1 Introduction to convergent systems

1.1 What this book is about

1.2 Why binary?

1.3 Conversion

1.4 Integrated circuits

1.5 Storage technology

1.6 Noise and probability

1.7 Time compression and expansion

1.8 Error correction and concealment

1.9 Channel coding

1.10 Compression, JPEG and MPEG

1.11 Convergence and commercial television

1.12 Electronic cinema

References

 

Chapter 2 Digital processing principles

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Logic elements

2.3 Storage elements

2.4 Binary coding

2.5 Gain control

2.6 Floating-point coding

2.7 Modulo-n arithmetic

2.8 The Galois field

2.9 The phase-locked loop

2.10 Timebase correction

2.11 Programmers

2.12 The computer

2.13 The processor

2.14 Interrupts

2.15 Programmable timers

2.16 Memory management

2.17 The human interface

2.18 DSP

2.19 Multiplexing principles

2.20 Packets

2.21 Statistical multiplexing

2.22 Networks

 

Chapter 3 Filters and transforms

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Transforms

3.3 Convolution

3.4 FIR and IIR filters

3.5 FIR filters

3.6 Sampling-rate conversion

3.7 Transforms and duality

3.8 The Fourier transform

3.9 The discrete cosine transform (DCT)

3.10 The wavelet transform

References

 

Chapter 4 Sampling

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Sampling

4.3 Reconstruction

4.4 Aperture effect

4.5 Sampling clock jitter

4.6 Quantizing

4.7 Quantizing error

4.8 Introduction to dither

4.9 Requantizing and digital dither

4.10 Dither techniques

4.11 Basic digital-to-analog conversion

4.12 Basic analog-to-digital conversion

References

 

Chapter 5 Sound

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The deciBel

5.3 Audio level metering

5.4 The ear

5.5 Level and loudness

5.6 Frequency discrimination

5.7 Music and the ear

5.8 The physics of sound

5.9 How sound is radiated

5.10 Acoustics

5.11 Directionality in hearing

5.12 Microphone principles

5.13 Microphone mechanisms

5.14 Stereo and surround sound

5.15 Stereo and surround microphones

5.16 M–S stereo

5.17 Digitizing audio

5.18 Audio convertors

5.19 Oversampling in audio

5.20 Noise shaping

References

 

Chapter 6 Light

6.1 Introduction

6.2 What is light?

6.3 Sources of light

6.4 Optical principles

6.5 Photometric units

6.6 MTF, contrast and sharpness

6.7 The human visual system

6.8 The eye

6.9 Gamma

6.10 Motion portrayal and dynamic resolution

6.11 Background strobing and frame rate

6.12 Colour

6.13 Colour vision

6.14 Colorimetry

6.15 The CIE chromaticity diagram

6.16 Whites

6.17 Colour matching functions

6.18 Choice of primaries

References

 

Chapter 7 Image portrayal

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Film

7.3 Spatial sampling

7.4 Spatial aperture effect

7.5 Spatial oversampling

7.6 Temporal aperture effects

7.7 Analog video

7.8 Synchronizing

7.9 Bandwidth and definition

7.10 Interlace

7.11 Colour television

7.12 Constant luminance

7.13 Analog colour television signals

7.14 Digital colour signals

7.15 Digital colour space

7.16 Telecine

7.17 Conversion between television and computer formats

7.18 The importance of motion compensation

7.19 Motion-estimation techniques

7.20 Motion-compensated picture rate conversion

7.21 Motion-compensated telecine system

7.22 Camera shake compensation

7.23 Motion-compensated de-interlacing

7.24 Aspect ratios

References

 

Chapter 8 Presentation

8.1 Display principles

8.2 The monochrome CRT

8.3 The colour CRT

8.4 The projection CRT

8.5 Plasma displays

8.6 Scanning lasers

8.7 Micromirror projectors

8.8 Temporal effects

8.9 Display processors

8.10 Optical filtering

8.11 Loudspeaker principles

8.12 Loudspeaker mechanisms

8.13 Directivity

8.14 The moving-coil speaker

8.15 Low-frequency reproduction

8.16 Crossover networks

8.17 Enclosures

8.18 Active loudspeakers

8.19 Loudspeaker criteria for stereo and surround sound

References

 

Chapter 9 Compression

9.1 Introduction to compression

9.2 Compression standards

9.3 Profiles, levels and layers

9.4 Spatial and temporal redundancy in MPEG

9.5 I and P coding

9.6 Bidirectional coding

9.7 Coding applications

9.8 Spatial compression

9.9 Scanning and run-length/variable-length coding

9.10 A bidirectional coder

9.11 Slices

9.12 Handling interlaced pictures

9.13 An MPEG-2 coder

9.14 The elementary stream

9.15 An MPEG-2 decoder

9.16 Coding artifacts

9.17 Processing MPEG-2 and concatenation

9.18 Audio compression

9.19 Sound quality measurement

9.20 Audio compression tools

9.21 Sub-band coding

9.22 Compression formats

9.23 MPEG Audio compression

9.24 MPEG Layer I

9.25 MPEG Layer II

9.26 MPEG Layer III

9.27 MPEG-2 AAC

9.28 Dolby AC-3

References

 

Chapter 10 Digital coding principles

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Types of transmission channel

10.3 Transmission lines

10.4 Types of recording medium

10.5 Magnetic recording

10.6 Azimuth recording and rotary heads

10.7 Optical and magneto-optical disks

10.8 Equalization and data separation

10.9 Slicing and jitter rejection

10.10 Channel coding

10.11 Simple codes

10.12 Group codes

10.13 Randomizing and encryption

10.14 Partial response

10.15 Synchronizing

10.16 Basic error correction

10.17 Concealment by interpolation

10.18 Parity

10.19 Block and convolutional codes

10.20 Cyclic codes

10.21 Introduction to the Reed–Solomon codes

10.22 Correction by erasure

10.23 Interleaving

10.24 Product codes

Appendix 10.1 Calculation of Reed–Solomon generator polynomials

References

 

Chapter 11 Storage devices

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Disk storage

11.3 Magnetic disks

11.4 Accessing the blocks

11.5 Servo-surface disks

11.6 Winchester technology

11.7 The disk controller

11.8 Defect handling

11.9 RAID arrays

11.10 Disk servers

11.11 Optical disk principles

11.12 Focus and tracking systems

11.13 Structure of a DVD player

11.14 Digital video tape

11.15 The rotary head tape transport

11.16 Digital video cassettes

11.17 DVTR block diagram

11.18 Picture in shuttle

11.19 DV and DVCPRO

 

Chapter 12 Communication systems

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Production-related interfaces

12.3 SDI

12.4 SDTI

12.5 ASI

12.6 AES/EBU

12.7 Telephone-based systems

12.8 Digital television broadcasting

12.9 MPEG packets and time stamps

12.10 Program clock reference

12.11 Program Specific Information (PSI)

12.12 Transport stream multiplexing

12.13 Remultiplexing

12.14 Broadcast modulation techniques

12.15 OFDM

12.16 Error correction in digital television broadcasting

12.17 DVB

12.18 The DVB receiver

12.19 ATSC

12.20 Networks

12.21 Network arbitration

12.22 FireWire

12.23 Broadband networks and ATM

12.24 ATM AALs

References

 

Index