As mentioned earlier, the INCLUDE LOD expression, computes values using the specified dimensions in addition to whatever dimensions are present in the view. These expressions are most useful when including a dimension that is not part of our view as the results are computed at a lower granularity than the visualization's level of detail.
The syntax of using an INCLUDE LOD expression is { INCLUDE [Dimension] : aggregate expression}.
The preceding syntax shows how one can use an INCLUDE expression for a single dimension, however, if there is more than one dimension that we want to include in our calculation, then the syntax can be modified as { INCLUDE [Dimension1], [Dimension2], [Dimension3] : aggregate expression}.
Let us see how we can use the INCLUDE LOD expression in the following recipe.
Let's use the Sub-Category and Sales fields from the Orders sheet of Sample - Superstore.xlsx data.
- Let us create a new sheet by pressing Ctrl + M and rename it
INCLUDE LOD. - Let us then drag Sub-Category from the Dimensions pane and drop it into the Rows shelf.
- We will then create a new calculation called Average Sales and the formula will be AVG([Sales]).
- Let us drag the Average Sales field from the Measures pane and drop it into the Text shelf. Our view will update, as shown in the following screenshot:
- Next we will create another calculation called Include Region-Average Sales and we will type the formula as AVG({INCLUDE [Region]:SUM([Sales])}).
- We will click OK and then double click on the new calculated field to fetch it into our view. Our view will then be updated, as shown in the following screenshot:
In the preceding recipe, we created two calculations called Average Sales and Include Region-Average Sales. The first calculation, that is, Average Sales looks at the sum of sales for all records under each sub category and then takes an average at a sub-category level.
However, the second calculation, that is, Include Region-Average Sales looks at the sum of sales at region level even though the region is not part of our view and then takes an average at a sub category level.
To know more about INCLUDE LOD, refer to https://onlinehelp.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/calculations_calculatedfields_lod_include.html.