- Cover
- Title Page
- Contents
- About the Authors
- Foreword
- Preface
- 1 - Engineering Economy: A Prologue
- 1.1 - Consumer and Producer Goods and Services
- 1.2 - Necessities, Luxuries, and Relation between Price and Demand
- 1.3 - Competition or Market Structure
- 1.4 - Relation between Total Revenue and Demand
- 1.5 - Cost Concepts
- 1.6 - Relationship between Cost and Volume
- 1.7 - The Law of Supply and Demand
- 1.8 - The Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
- 2 - Fundamentals of Mathematics and Engineering Economics
- 3 - Elementary Economic Analysis
- 3.1 - Theory of the Firm
- 3.2 - Law of Supply
- 3.3 - Meaning of Production
- 3.4 - Concept of Isoquants
- 3.5 - Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution
- 3.6 - The Elasticity of Substitution
- 3.7 - Iso-cost Line
- 3.8 - Producer's Surplus
- 3.9 - Cost Minimization
- 3.10 - Returns to Scale and Returns to Factor
- 3.11 - Cost Theory and Estimation
- 3.12 - Profits
- 3.13 - Market Structure and Degree of Competition
- 4 - Interest Formulae and their Applications
- 4.1 - Introduction
- 4.2 - Why Return to Capital is Considered?
- 4.3 - Interest, Interest Rate and Rate of Return
- 4.4 - Simple Interest
- 4.5 - Compound Interest
- 4.6 - The Concept of Equivalence
- 4.7 - Cash Flow Diagrams
- 4.8 - Terminology and Notations/Symbols
- 4.9 - Interest Formula for Discrete Cash Flow and Discrete Compounding
- 4.10 - Interest Formulae Relating an Arithmetic Gradient Series to Its Present and Annual Worths
- 4.11 - Interest Formulae Relating a Geometric Gradient Series to Its Present and Annual Worth
- 4.12 - Uniform Series with Beginning-of-Period Cash Flows
- 4.13 - Deferred Annuities or Shifted Uniform Series
- 4.14 - Calculations Involving Uniform Series and Randomly Placed Single Amounts
- 4.15 - Calculations of Equivalent Present Worth and Equivalent Annual Worth for Shifted Gradients
- 4.16 - Calculations of Equivalent Present Worth and Equivalent Annual Worth for Shifted Decreasing Arithmetic Gradients
- 4.17 - Nominal and Effective Interest Rates
- 4.18 - Interest Problems with Compounding More Often than Once per Year
- 5 - Methods for Making Economy Studies
- 5.1 - Introduction
- 5.2 - Basic Methods
- 5.3 - Present Worth (P.W.) Method
- 5.4 - Future Worth (F.W.) Method
- 5.5 - Annual Worth (A.W.) Method
- 5.6 - Internal Rate of Return (I.R.R.) Method
- 5.7 - External Rate of Return (E.R.R. ) Method
- 5.8 - Explicit Reinvestment Rate of Return (E.R.R.R.) Method
- 5.9 - Capitalized Cost Calculation and Analysis
- 5.10 - Payback (Payout) Method
- 6 - Selection Among Alternatives
- 6.1 - Introduction
- 6.2 - Alternatives Having Identical Disbursements and Lives
- 6.3 - Alternatives Having Identical Revenues and Different Lives
- 6.4 - Alternatives Having Different Revenues and Identical Lives
- 6.5 - Alternatives Having Different Revenues and Different Lives
- 6.6 - Comparison of Alternatives by the Capitalized Worth Method
- 6.7 - Selection among Independent Alternatives
- 7 - Replacement and Retention Decisions
- 8 - Depreciation
- 9 - Economic Evaluation of Public Sector Projects
- 10 - Economy Study with Inflation Considered
- 11 - Make or Buy Decision
- 12 - Project Management
- 12.1 - Introduction
- 12.2 - Phases of Project Management
- 12.3 - Bar or Gantt Charts
- 12.4 - Network Analysis Technique
- 12.5 - Critical Path Method (CPM)
- 12.6 - Guidelines for Drawing Network Diagrams or Arrow Diagrams
- 12.7 - CPM Calculations
- 12.8 - Calculation of the Earliest Occurrence Time of Events
- 12.9 - Calculation of the Latest Occurrence Time of Events
- 12.10 - Activity Times
- 12.11 - Float
- 12.12 - Identification of Critical Path
- 12.13 - Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
- 12.14 - Project Crashing
- 13 - Value Engineering
- 14 - Forecasting
- Appendix A
- Appendix B
- Appendix C
- Bibliography
- Copyright
C Appendix
t-Table
Probabilities
Note: The probabilities given in the table are for two-tailed tests. Thus, a probability of 0.05 allows for 0.025 in each tail. For example, for the probability of 0.05 and 21 df, t = 2.080. This means that 2.5 percent of the area under the t distribution lies to the right of t = 2.080, and 2.5 percent to the left of t = –2.080.
Source: From table III of Fisher and Yatres, Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research, 6th ed., 1974, published by Longman Group Ltd., London (previously by Oliver & Boydm Edinburgh), by permission of the authors and publishers.
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