211
A P P E N D I X A
Useful Formulas
A.1 POWERS, LOGS, AND EXPONENTIALS
RULES FOR POWERS
• a
n
D
1
a
n
• a
n
a
m
D a
nCm
•
a
n
a
m
D a
nm
•
.
a
n
/
m
D a
nm
LOG AND EXPONENTIAL ALGEBRA
• b
log
b
.c/
D c
• log
b
.b
a
/ D a
• log
b
.xy/ D log
b
.x/ C log
b
.y/
• log
b
x
y
D log
b
.x/ log
b
.y/
• log
b
.x
y
/ D y log
b
.x/
• log
c
.x/ D
log
b
.x/
log
b
.c/
• If log
b
.c/ D a, then c D b
a
A.2 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
TRIG FUNCTION DEFINITIONS FROM SINE AND COSINE
• tan./ D
sin./
cos./
• cot./ D
cos./
sin./
• tan./ D
1
cot./
• sec./ D
1
cos./
• csc./ D
1
sin./
PERIODICITY IDENTITIES
• sin.x C 2/ D sin.x/
• cos.x C 2/ D cos.x/
• sin.x/ D cos
x
2
• tan.x/ D cot
x
2
• sec.x/ D csc
x C
2
• cos.x/ D cos.x/
• sin.x/ D sin.x/
• tan.x/ D tan.x/
• sin.x C / D sin.x/
..................Content has been hidden....................
You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.