NOTES
Chapter One
What Are Inclusive Conversations and Why Are They Important?
1. T. Agovino, “Toxic Workplace Cultures Are Costing Employers Billions,” Society for Human Resource Management, September 26, 2019, https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/employee-relations/pages/toxic-workplace-cultures-are-costing-employers-billions.aspx, accessed October 3, 2019.
2. Q. Fottrell and J. Settembre, “In the #MeToo Era, 60% of Male Managers Say They’re Scared of Being Alone with Women at Work,” June 16, 2019, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/men-are-afraid-to-mentor-female-colleagues-in-the-metoo-era-heres-what-not-to-do-2019-05-20, accessed January 13, 2020.
3. R. Thomas, M. Cooper, E. Konar, M. Rooney, M. Noble-Tolla, A. Bohrer, and N. Robinson, “Women in the Workplace,” McKinsey & Company, 2018, https://womenintheworkplace.com/, accessed October 1, 2019.
4. P. Thibodeau, “Employee Activism Challenges HR’s Employee Experience Strategy,” July 10, 2019, https://searchhrsoftware.techtarget.com/news/252466550/Employee-activism-challenges-HRs-employee-experience-strategy, accessed October 3, 2019.
5. C. Lecher, “Google Employees Protest Retaliation with International Sit-in,” The Verge, May 1, 2019, https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/1/18525473/google-employee-sit-in-retaliation-protest, accessed October 3, 2019.
6. N. Meyersohn and K. Trafeconte, “Wayfair Workers Plan Walkout in Protest of Company’s Bed Sales to Migrant Camps,” CNN, June 26, 2019, https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/25/business/wayfair-walkout-detention-camps-trnd/index.html, accessed October 1, 2019.
7. J. A. Kotler, T. Z. Haider, and M. H. Levine, Identity Matters: Parents’ and Educators’ Perceptions of Children’s Social Identity Development (New York: Sesame Workshop, 2019), https://www.sesameworkshop.org/what-we-do/research-and-innovation/sesame-workshop-identity-matters-study, accessed October 10, 2019.
8. A. Cooperman, “Many Americans Don’t Argue about Religion—Or Even Talk about It,” Pew Research, April 15, 2016, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/many-americans-dont-argue-about-religion-or-even-talk-about-it/, accessed January 13, 2020.
9. Y. Shimron, “ADL Study: Violence against Jews Doubled Last Year,” Religion News, April 30, 2019, https://religionnews.com/2019/04/30/adl-study-violence-against-jews-doubled-last-year/, accessed October 7, 2019.
10. M. Lillis, “New Zealand Mosque Killings Raise Fears among US Muslims,” The Hill, March 15, 2019, https://thehill.com/homenews/house/434340-new-zealand-mosque-killings-raise-fears-among-us-muslims, accessed October 10, 2019.
11. J. Steele, “United Methodists Vote to Keep Traditional Marriage Stance,” Christianity Today, February 26, 2019, https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2019/february/united-methodist-lgbt-vote-conference-plan.html, accessed October 7, 2019.
12. L. Kaye, “December 7: A Day of Dialogue to Take Collective Action on Workplace Inclusion,” Triple Pundit, October 9, 2018, https://www.triplepundit.com/story/2018/december-7-day-dialogue-take-collective-action-workplace-inclusion/11336, accessed October 7, 2019.
Chapter Two
Conditions for Inclusive Conversations
1. Federal Bureau of Prisons, “Inmate Race,” October 5, 2019, https://www.bop.gov/about/statistics/statistics_inmate_race.jsp, accessed October 17, 2019.
2. M. Smiley, “Collective Responsibility,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (summer 2017), https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/collective-responsibility/, accessed October 18, 2019.
3. R. Bishop, “MLK Day: What Martin Luther King, Jr. Taught Us about Working Around Life’s Obstacles,” HuffPost, 2011, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mlk-day-martin-luther-king-jr-workarounds_b_809749, accessed October 18, 2019.
4. “Martin Luther King Jr. Quotes: In His Own Words,” January 2018, Birmingham Times, https://www.birminghamtimes.com/2018/01/some-of-dr-martin-luther-king-jr-s-profound-quotes/, accessed October 18, 2019.
5. Condé Nast Entertainment, prod., and A. Stapleton, dir., Hello, Privilege. It’s Me, Chelsea, 2019, distributed by Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/title/80244973.
Chapter Three
First Learn How to Talk to Yourself
1. Nicolosi as quoted in R. W. Gould, “Go Ahead, Talk to Yourself. It’s Normal—and Good for You,” October 9, 2018, https://www.nbcnews.com/better/health/talking-yourself-normal-here-s-how-master-it-ncna918091, accessed October 29, 2019.
2. Merriam-Webster, “Egocentrism,” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/egocentrism, accessed October 29, 2019.
3. S. Hall, Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies, edited by D. Morley and K.-H. Chen (reprint, 2005; London: Routledge, 1996).
4. A. Brookman-Byrne, “Thinking about thinking,” June 22, 2018, https://bold.expert/thinking-about-thinking/?gclid=CjwKCAjwusrtBRBmEiwAGBPgE3RTNekIlgk0CbUywCBOiruUBr9VmFIwch7ATN7Z3XHWZBlw2UCRkhoC3K8QAvD_BwE, accessed October 29, 2019.
5. J. T. Jost, A. W. Kruglanski, and T. O. Nelson, “Social Metacognition: An Expansionist Review,” Personality and Social Psychology Review 2, no. 2 (1998): 137–54, doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0202_6. ISSN 1088-8683. PMID 15647141.
6. H. Tajfel and J. C. Turner, “The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior,” in Psychology of Intergroup Relations, second edition, edited by W. G. Austin and S. Worchel, 7–27 (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1986).
7. M. A. Hogg and D. Abrams, “Social Motivation, Self-Esteem, and Social Identity,” in Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical Advances, edited by D. Abrams and M. A. Hogg, 28–47 (New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 2001). J. S. Mio, L. A. Barker, and J. S. Tumambing, Multicultural Psychology: Understanding Our Diverse Communities, third edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).
8. K. D. Williams, Ostracism: The Power of Silence (New York: Guilford Press, 2001).
9. Kimberle Crenshaw, “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics,” University of Chicago Legal Forum, no. 1 (1989): article 8, http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf, accessed October 20, 2019.
10. G. Corkingdale, “Overcoming Imposter Syndrome,” Harvard Business Review, May 7, 2008, https://hbr.org/2008/05/overcoming-imposter-syndrome.
11. Emergenetics International, “What Is Emergenetics?” https://www.emergenetics.com/emergenetics-explained/, accessed March 5, 2020.
12. Institute for Health and Human Potential, “What Is Emotional Intelligence?” https://www.ihhp.com/meaning-of-emotional-intelligence, accessed October 29, 2019.
13. Intercultural Development Inventory, “The Roadmap to Intercultural Competence Using the IDI,” https://idiinventory.com, accessed October 29, 2019.
14. ICS, “Resolving Conflict across Cultural Boundaries Using the Intercultural Conflict Style Inventory (ICS),” https://icsinventory.com, accessed October 29, 2019.
Chapter Four
Creating Brave, Psychologically Safe Spaces
1. M. Boykin, “An Introduction to Psychological Safety,” Range, https://www.range.co/blog/introduction-to-psychological-safety, accessed January 13, 2020.
2. A. C. Edmondson and Z. Lei, “Psychological Safety: The History, Renaissance, and Future of an Interpersonal Construct,” Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 1, no. 1 (2014): 23–43, doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091305.
3. A. Edmonson, “Team Learning and Psychological Safety Survey,” 1999, http://www.midss.org/content/team-learning-and-psychological-safety-survey, accessed October 11, 2019. A. Edmonson, “Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams,” Administrative Science Quarterly 44, no. 2 (1999): 350–83, http://web.mit.edu/curhan/www/docs/Articles/15341_Readings/Group_Performance/Edmondson Psychological safety.pdf, accessed October 11, 2019.
4. L. M. Landreman, ed., The Art of Effective Facilitation: Reflections from Social Justice Educators, 2013, accessed October 15, 2019.
5. E. McGirt, “An Inside look at What’s Keeping Black Men out of the Executive Suite,” Fortune, January 22, 2016, https://fortune.com/longform/black-executives-men-c-suite/, accessed October 16, 2019.
6. D. R. Hekman, S. K. Johnson, M.-D. Foo, and W. Yang, “Does Diversity-Valuing Behavior Result in Diminished Performance Ratings for Non-White and Female Leaders?” Academy of Management Journal, March 3, 2016, https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amj.2014.0538, accessed October 15, 2019.
7. S. K. Johnson and D. R. Hekman, “Women and Minorities Are Penalized for Promoting Diversity,” Harvard Business Review, March 23, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/03/women-and-minorities-are-penalized-for-promoting-diversity, accessed October 15, 2019.
8. G. B. White, “Black Workers Really Do Need to Be Twice as Good,” The Atlantic, October 7, 2015, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/10/why-black-workers-really-do-need-to-be-twice-as-good/409276/, accessed October 10, 2019.
9. Human Rights Campaign Foundation, “A Workplace Divided: Understanding the Climate for LGBTQ Workers Nationwide,” https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/AWorkplaceDivided-2018.pdf, accessed January 14, 2020.
10. L. Mackenzie, J. A. Wehner, and S. J. Correll, “Why Most Performance Evaluations Are Biased, and How to Fix Them,” Harvard Business Review, January 11, 2019, https://hbr.org/2019/01/why-most-performance-evaluations-are-biased-and-how-to-fix-them, accessed January 14, 2020.
11. “Allyship,” The Anti-Oppression Network, https://theantioppressionnetwork.com/allyship/, accessed October 15, 2019.
12. “Indicator 10: Bullying at School and Electronic Bullying,” National Center for Education Statistics, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/ind_10.asp, accessed October 9, 2019. “Suicide,” National Institute of Mental Health, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide.shtml, accessed October 7, 2019.
13. The Conscious Kid, https://www.theconsciouskid.org/about, accessed October 16, 2019.
Chapter Five
Seek Equity and Decenter Power
1. K. Putnam-Walkerly and E. Russell, “What the Heck Does ‘Equity’ Mean?” Stanford Social Innovation Review, September 15, 2016, https://ssir.org/articles/entry/what_the_heck_does_equity_mean, accessed October 10, 2019.
2. Z. Washington and L. M. Roberts, “Women of Color Get Less Support at Work: Here’s How Managers Can Change That,” Harvard Business Review, March 4, 2019, https://hbr.org/2019/03/women-of-color-get-less-support-at-work-heres-how-managers-can-change-that, accessed October 10, 2019.
3. Table 5.1 is based on Louise Diamond, “Dominant and Subordinate Group Membership,” Alliance for Peacebuilding, 2014, http://www.allianceforpeacebuilding.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Dominant-and-Subordinate-Group-Membership.pdf; and building on the work of Elsie Cross, Managing Diversity: The Courage to Lead (Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 2000).
4. “Non-Discrimination Laws,” Movement Advancement Project, October 8, 2019, https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/non_discrimination_laws, accessed October 10, 2019.
5. J. Hogeveen, M. Inzlicht, and S. S. Obhi, “Power Changes How the Brain Responds to Others,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143, no. 2 (2014): 755–62, doi: 10.1037/a0033477.
Chapter Six
Face Fear and Fragility
1. K. Albrecht, “The (Only) 5 Fears We All Share,” Psychology Today, March 2012, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/brainsnacks/201203/the-only-5-fears-we-all-share, accessed October 17, 2019.
2. K. Albrecht, Practical Intelligence: The Art and Science of Common Sense (New York: Wiley, 2007).
3. M. Bergmann, C. Kenney, and T. Sutton, “The Rise of Far-Right Populism Threatens Global Democracy and Security,” American Progress, November 2, 2018, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2018/11/02/460498/rise-far-right-populism-threatens-global-democracy-security/, accessed October 17, 2019.
4. “Trauma,” American Psychological Association, https://www.apa.org/topics/trauma/index, accessed October 10, 2019.
5. “PTSD Basics,” US Department of Veterans Affairs, https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/what/ptsd_basics.asp, accessed October 10, 2019.
6. Quoted in Keep Talking: Black Minds Matter—Psychological Cost of Racial Justice, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=hP4Uj-vD0BA, accessed October 10, 2019.
7. S. Colino, “Fearing the Future: Pre-Traumatic Stress Reactions,” US News, May 24, 2017, https://health.usnews.com/wellness/mind/articles/2017-05-24/fearing-the-future-pre-traumatic-stress-reactions, accessed October 10, 2019.
8. “Historical Trauma and Cultural Healing,” University of Minnesota Extension, https://extension.umn.edu/mental-health/historical-trauma-and-cultural-healing#what-is-historical-trauma?-378610, accessed October 10, 2019.
9. “Perpetration Induced Traumatic Stress,” Metta Center for Nonviolence, https://mettacenter.org/definitions/pits/, accessed October 10, 2019.
10. R. DiAngelo, White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk about Racism (Boston: Beacon Press, 2018).
11. S. Towey, ed., “Impact of Fear and Anxiety,” University of Minnesota, https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/impact-fear-and-anxiety, accessed October 17, 2019.
12. R. DiAngelo, “White Fragility,” International Journal of Critical Pedagogy 3, no. 3 (2011): 54–70.
Chapter Seven
Extend Grace and Forgiveness
1. “Dr. Bernice King: Weatherman Who Said ‘Martin Luther Coon King’ Should Not Have Been Fired,” TMZ, January 10, 2019, https://www.tmz.com/2019/01/10/dr-bernice-king-weatherman-racial-slur-martin-luther-coon-fired-rehabilitation-second-chance/, accessed October 17, 2019.
2. T. Gabriel, J. Martin, and N. Fandos, “Steve King Removed from Committee Assignments over White Supremacy Remark,” New York Times, January 14, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/steve-king-white-supremacy.html, accessed October 17, 2019.
3. “What Is Forgiveness?” Greater Good Magazine, https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/topic/forgiveness/definition, accessed January 13, 2020.
4. Harriet Kimberly Foster [For Harriet], We Can’t Cancel Everyone [Video], June 9, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOwWsvUeDF0&feature=youtu.be, accessed October 30, 2019.
5. John Hopkins Medicine, “Forgiveness: Your Health Depends on It,” https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/forgiveness-your-health-depends-on-it, accessed October 17, 2019.
6. M. Volf, Free of Charge: Giving and Forgiving in a Culture Stripped of Grace (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010).
7. D. Tutu and M. A. Tutu, The Book of Forgiving: The Fourfold Path for Healing Ourselves and Our World, edited by D. C. Abrams (New York: Harper-Collins, 2014).
8. J. Brankovic, “Accountability and National Reconciliation in South Africa,” Ediciones InfoJus: Derechos Humanos, no. 4 (2013): 55–86, https://www.csvr.org.za/images/docs/Other/accountability_and_national_reconciliation_in_south_africa.pdf, accessed January 13, 2020.
9. R. Ali, “New Documentary ‘Emanuel’ Reveals the Power of Forgiveness after Charleston Church Massacre,” USA Today, June 17, 2019, https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2019/06/17/emanuel-explores-power-forgiveness-after-charleston-church-massacre/1478473001/, accessed October 17, 2019.
10. J. Culver, “‘I Want the Best for You’: Botham Jean’s Brother Hugs Amber Guyger in Emotional Courtroom Scene,” USA Today, October 2, 2019, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/10/02/amber-guyger-sentencing-botham-jeans-brother-embraces-guyger/3847967002/, accessed October 17, 2019.
11. “Man Who Survived Attack on New Zealand Mosque Says He Can Forgive Suspected Killer,” CBC Radio, March 22, 2019, https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thecurrent/the-current-for-march-22-2019-1.5066427/man-who-survived-attack-on-new-zealand-mosque-says-he-can-forgive-suspected-killer-1.5066443, accessed October 17, 2019.
12. G. Lopez, “Ta-Nehisi Coates Has an Incredibly Clear Explanation for Why White People Shouldn’t Use the N-Word,” Vox, November 9, 2017, https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/11/9/16627900/ta-nehisi-coates-n-word, accessed October 30, 2019.
13. C. L. Aguilar, Ouch! That Stereotype Hurts: Communicating Respectfully in a Diverse World (Bedford, TX: The Walk the Talk Company, 2006).
Chapter Eight
Facilitate Trust and Empathy
1. D. Cox, J. Navarro-Rivera, and R. P. Jones, “Race, Religion, and Political Affiliation of Americans’ Core Social Networks,” Public Religion Research Institute, August 3, 2016, https://www.prri.org/research/poll-race-religion-politics-americans-social-networks/, accessed October 3, 2019.
2. “Dr Brené Brown: Empathy vs Sympathy,” Twenty One Toys, https://twentyonetoys.com/blogs/teaching-empathy/brene-brown-empathy-vs-sympathy, accessed October 30, 2019.
3. E. McGirt, “An Inside Look at What’s Keeping Black Men out of the Executive Suite,” Fortune, January 22, 2016, https://fortune.com/longform/black-executives-men-c-suite/, accessed October 10, 2019.
4. B. G. White, “Black Workers Really Do Need to Be Twice as Good,” The Atlantic, October 7, 2015, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/10/why-black-workers-really-do-need-to-be-twice-as-good/409276/, accessed October 10, 2019.
Chapter Nine
Foster Belonging and Inclusion
1. M. Huppert, “Employees Share What Gives Them a Sense of Belonging at Work,” October 25, 2017, https://business.linkedin.com/talent-solutions/blog/company-culture/2017/employees-share-what-gives-them-a-sense-of-belonging-at-work, accessed October 18, 2019.
2. Quoted in K. Reilly, “How LinkedIn’s HR Chief Is Changing the Diversity Conversation with ‘Belonging,’” January 9, 2017, https://business.linkedin.com/talent-solutions/blog/diversity/2017/how-linkedins-hr-chief-is-changing-the-diversity-conversation-with-belonging, accessed October 18, 2019.
3. R. Thomas, M. Cooper, E. Konar, M. Rooney, M. Noble-Tolla, A. Bohrer, and N. Robinson, “Women in the Workplace,” 2018, McKinsey & Company, https://womenintheworkplace.com/, accessed October 1, 2019.
4. Culture Amp, “6 Ways to Foster Belonging in the Workplace,” https://hello.cultureamp.com/hubfs/1703-Belonging/Culture-Amp_6-ways-to-foster-belonging.pdf, accessed October 18, 2019.
5. C. H. Emrich, M. H. Livingston, D. H. Pruner, L. H. Oberfeld, and S. H. Page, “Creating a Culture of Mentorship,” December 27, 2017, https://www.heidrick.com/Knowledge-Center/Publication/Creating_a_culture_of_mentorship, accessed October 18, 2019.
6. L. M. Shore, A. E. Randel, B. G. Chung, M. A. Dean, K. H. Ehrhart, and G. Singh, “Inclusion and Diversity in Work Groups: A Review and Model for Future Research,” Journal of Management 37, no. 4 (2011): 1262-89, doi: 10.1177/0149206310385943, accessed October 18, 2019.
7. Figure 9.2 drawn by The Winters Group, Inc., based on content from L. M. Shore et al., “Inclusion and Diversity in Work Groups: A Review and Model for Future Research,” Journal of Management 37 (2011), doi 10.1177/0149206310385943.
8. H. A. Krishnan and D. Park, “A Few Good Women—On Top Management Teams,” Journal of Business Research 58 (2005): 1712–20.
9. E. Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (United Kingdom: Touchstone, 2009).
10. K. Yoshino, Covering: The Hidden Assault on Our Civil Rights (New York: Random House, 2006).
11. E. Blad, “Students’ Sense of Belonging at School Is Important: It Starts with Teachers,” Education Week, June 21, 2017, https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2017/06/21/belonging-at-school-starts-with-teachers.html, accessed October 18, 2019.
12. K. Legette, “School Tracking and Youth Self-Perceptions: Implications for Academic and Racial Identity,” Child Development 89, no. 4 (2018): 1311–27.
Chapter Ten
Acknowledge and Own Whiteness
1. “Translating the Past: Inspired by Shakespeare, Race, and Colonialism and Sir John Davies ‘A Discovery,’” Early Modern British Isles Blog, October 10, 2015, https://publish.illinois.edu/canderson/2015/10/10/translating-the-past-inspired-by-shakespeare-race-and-colonialism-and-sir-john-davies-a-discovery/.
2. DB, “Full Text of Charleston Suspect Dylann Roof’s Apparent Manifesto,” TPM, June 20, 2015, https://talkingpointsmemo.com/muckraker/dylann-roof-manifesto-full-text, accessed October 21, 2019.
3. J. M. Horowitz, A. Brown, and K. Cox, “Race in America 2019,” Pew, April 9, 2019, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2019/04/09/race-in-america-2019/, accessed October 21, 2019.
4. D. Hartmann, J. Gerteis, and P. R. Croll, “An Empirical Assessment of Whiteness Theory: Hidden from How Many?” Social Problems 56, no. 3 (2009): 403–24, doi:10.1525/sp.2009.56.3.403. JSTOR 10.1525/sp.2009.56.3.403.
5. P. McIntosh, “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack,” Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College Center for Research on Women, 1988, https://www.racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/mcintosh.pdf, accessed October 21, 2019.
6. S. Sullivan, Good White People: The Problem with Middle-Class White Anti-Racism (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2014), https://www.hypatiareviews.org/reviews/content/301, accessed October 21, 2019.
7. T. Jones, “The Positive Power of Whiteness?” Inclusion Solution, October 6, 2016, http://www.theinclusionsolution.me/a-point-of-view-the-positive-power-of-whiteness/, accessed October 21, 2019.
8. R. DiAngelo, What Does It Mean to Be White?: Developing White Racial Literacy, revised (New York: Peter Lang Pub, 2016).
9. A. Mansbach and K. W. Bell, “‘Whites against Trump’: Kamau Bell Tells White People—Yes, Even You Good Liberals—to ‘Come Get Your Boy,’” Salon, December 15, 2015, https://www.salon.com/2015/12/15/whites_against_trump_kamau_bell_tells_white_people_yes_even_you_good_liberals_to_come_get_your_boy/, accessed October 21, 2019.
10. Jones, “Positive Power of Whiteness?”
Chapter Eleven
Mind Your Words
1. D. W. Sue, Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010).
2. C. Pierce, J. Carew, D. Pierce-Gonzalez, and D. Willis, “An Experiment in Racism: TV Commercials,” in Television and Education, edited by C. Pierce, 62–88 (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1978).
3. Pierce et al., “Experiment in Racism.”
4. J. Elder and B. Iron, “Distancing Behaviors among White Groups Dealing with Racism,” handout.
5. “Definitions of Diversity, Equity, Accessibility, and Inclusion,” American Alliance of Museums, 2018, https://www.aam-us.org/programs/diversity-equity-accessibility-and-inclusion/facing-change-definitions/, accessed January 14, 2020.
6. “Understanding Non-Binary People: How to Be Respectful and Supportive,” National Center for Transgender Equality, October 5, 2018, https://transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-non-binary-people-how-to-be-respectful-and-supportive, accessed January 14, 2020.
7. Quoted in C. Cillizza, “What Barack Obama Gets Exactly Right about Our Toxic ‘Cancel’ Culture,” CNN, October 30, 2019, https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/30/politics/obama-cancel-culture/index.html, accessed October 31, 2019.