Table of Contents
1. Interactions of ion beams with polymers: the physical picture
Sheath dynamics in plasma immersion ion implantation
Plasma immersion ion implantation of insulators
Estimating fluence and practical process considerations
3. Interactions of energetic ions with polymers: chemical picture
4. Structure of polymers after ion beam treatment
Darkening as a measure of fluence
Carbonization of the surface layer
Raman spectroscopy analysis of the modified layer
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy analysis of structural changes
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of structural changes
X-ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis of structural changes
X-ray diffraction for crystalline fractions
Analysis of cross-linking by gel-fraction measurements
Effects of structural changes on mechanical properties
Wettability and surface energy: theory and measurement
Modification of wettability of polymers using ion implantation
Applications and relevant theoretical aspects of surface wetting
Applications of polymers benefit from improved surface hardness
Mechanisms for hardness improvement by ion implantation
9. Biological and medical applications
10. Protection in an aggressive environment
11. Polymerization of liquid polymer matrix in free-space environment