Architecture Forethought
by Bill English, Ben Curry
Microsoft® Office SharePoint® Server 2007 Best Practices
- Microsoft® Office SharePoint® Server 2007 Best Practices
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- A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- I. Planning and Designing
- 1. Introducing Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007
- 2. Change, Power, and Conflict
- 3. SharePoint Server 2007 Design Life Cycle
- 4. Defining Business Requirements
- Requirements
- Bridging the Gap Between Business Need and Technology Solution
- Characteristics of Good Requirements
- Implementing Requirements Traceability and a Requirements Matrix
- How Many Requirements per Project?
- Using Requirements to Solve Problems
- Negotiating Service Level Agreements
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 5. SharePoint Server 2007 and Governance
- Governance Best Practices
- Fit the Organization’s Existing Workflow and Culture
- Keep Technology Aligned with Business Objectives
- Define and Manage the Organization’s High-Level Information Taxonomy
- Simple Is Beautiful in the World of Taxonomies
- Keep the Organization Aware of the Financial and Performance Impacts of Its Technology Decisions
- Balance Long-Term and Short-Term Views When Making Technology Decisions
- Encourage Excellence and Innovation
- Guide Through Merit and Service
- Handle Questions and Issues Quickly, Concisely, and Effectively
- Maintain a Technology-Agnostic Viewpoint
- Start Small and Grow Over Time, Intentionally
- Standardize Enterprise-Wide Information with Minimal Intrusion
- Getting a Technology Governance Team Started
- Create an Effective Governance Team Site
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- Governance Best Practices
- 6. Project Plans for a SharePoint Server 2007 Deployment
- Understanding Microsoft’s SharePoint Server 2007 Deployment Plan
- The Envisioning Stage
- The Planning Stage
- Assemble Project Teams and Define Roles
- Review Technical Requirements
- Review Preliminary End-User and Business Requirements
- Determine Preliminary Design Objectives
- Identify Coexistence Strategies
- Establish Test Lab Environment
- Perform Risk Analysis
- Define Communication Strategy
- Define Education Strategy
- Review Client Hardware and Software
- Create Governance Plan with Mission, Vision, and Strategy
- Plan Server Configuration
- Plan Security
- Plan for Performance
- Plan Failover and Disaster Recovery
- Plan for Localization
- Plan Integration
- Plan Maintenance
- Plan Content and Navigation Structure
- Deployment, Implementation, and Configuration Management
- Post-Implementation Operations, Optimization, and Business Review
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 7. Developing an Information Architecture
- II. Building
- 8. Document Management
- What Is a Document?
- What Is Document Management?
- The Document Life Cycle
- Should SharePoint Replace File Servers?
- Other Best Practices Concerning Documents and Document Libraries
- Working with the SharePoint Server 2007 DoD 5015.2 Add-On Pack
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 9. Enterprise Content Management
- 10. Business Processes and Workflows
- Identifying Workflow Candidates
- Overview of Out-of-the-box Workflows
- Publishing Workflows
- Workflow Deployment Considerations
- The Other Side of the Coin: Code-free Custom Workflows
- Custom Workflow Considerations
- Workflow Deployment Options
- Workflows and Client Applications
- Security Considerations
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 11. Branding and Customization
- 12. Web Parts, Features, and Solutions Management
- Content and Infrastructure
- Developer’s Role in SharePoint
- Environments
- Web Parts
- Web Part Infrastructure
- Web Part Manager
- Web Part Zone
- Editor Zone and Tool Parts
- Web Parts
- ASP.NET and Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 Web Parts
- Legacy and ASP.NET Web Parts
- Web Part Connections
- Web Parts with User Controls
- Web Part Verbs
- Customization and Personalization with Web Parts
- Web Part Execution Environments
- Resource Locations
- Features
- Solutions
- Sample Web Part (Available Online)
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 13. Creating and Managing Publishing Sites
- 14. Understanding and Implementing Microsoft Search Server 2008
- Search Server 2008 Features and Benefits
- Understanding OpenSearch Standards
- OpenSearch Description Documents
- OpenSearchDescription Element
- ShortName Element
- LongName Element
- Description Element
- URL Element
- Contact Element
- Tags Element
- Image Element
- Query Element
- Developer Element
- Attribution Element
- SyndicationRight Element
- AdultContent Element
- Language Element
- InputEncoding Element
- OutputEncoding Element
- AutoDiscovery of RSS/Atom
- OpenSearch Response Elements
- totalResults Element
- startIndex Element
- itemsPerPage Element
- OpenSearch Description Documents
- Installing Search Server 2008
- Building Federated Location Definition Files and Integrating Search Server 2008 with Live Search
- Best Practices for Implementing Search Server 2008
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 8. Document Management
- III. Deploying
- 15. Implementing an Optimal Search and Findability Topology
- Findability: What Is It and Why Is It Important to You?
- Business Requirements and Search
- Designing Crawl and Query Topologies
- Scaling Out Your Index and Query Servers
- When to Use the Federated Query Features
- Scenario: You need to conserve bandwidth
- Scenario: You need to display the content in the results set, but the remote index’s robots.txt file blocks SharePoint’s crawler
- Scenario: You need to see results from a content source only when certain keywords and/or keyword patterns are entered by the user
- Scenario: Content at the content source changes very often, and those changes must immediately be reflected in the result set. You can crawl and index the content source
- Scenario: Content at the content source changes frequently, but those changes need not be reflected quickly in the result set. You can crawl and index the content source
- Scenario: You need to tightly define which URLs from the remote index will appear in the result set
- Scenario: You need to have queries executed under different security contexts to different remote indexes to receive security-trimmed results within the FLD’s result Web part
- Scenario: You need to have content in the result set that is not indexed locally at the remote site or server
- Scenario: The remote index is intermittently available when users execute queries. You are able to crawl and index the content source’s content
- Scenario: The remote index does not return results in RSS or Atom or the presentation of the results is not usable within the FLD Web part
- Scenario: The content needs to be available in the result set, but the query frequency of the content is not sufficient to justify the resources needed to crawl and index that content
- Scenario: You have more than 250,000 start addresses and/or 500 content sources that you need to include in the result set, and you do not want to or cannot build a second Shared Services Provider in
- Scenario: You have too many FLDs in your result set, and the usability of the result set interface has diminished significantly
- Scenario: Best Bet–type results have several content items and are easily displayed within either the Best Bet Web part or the FLD Web part
- Scenario: Scoping effects are needed on a remote content source that you are not crawling and indexing
- Scenario: You have created FLD files to federate queries in your SharePoint Server 2007 implementation, but the results are returned too slowly from the remote index and users are complaining
- Findability Tools in SharePoint Server 2007
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 16. Leveraging Shared Services Providers
- 17. Optimizing Information Security
- 18. Business Intelligence and Reporting
- 19. Extending Business Intelligence
- Reporting Services
- Integrating Reporting Services with SharePoint
- Other Reporting Services Features Within SharePoint
- Security Considerations
- Creating, Publishing, and Deploying Reports to SharePoint Sites
- Distributed Server Environment Consideration
- PerformancePoint Server 2007
- Working with Dashboard Designer
- Security and Dashboard Designer
- Deploying Dashboards to SharePoint Sites
- Interacting with Dashboards Within SharePoint Sites
- Saving a Dashboard Designer Workspace
- Business Intelligence Use Case Scenarios
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 20. Intranet, Extranet, and Internet Scenarios
- 15. Implementing an Optimal Search and Findability Topology
- IV. Operating
- 21. Data Protection, Recovery, and Availability
- 22. Upgrading from SharePoint Portal Server 2003 to SharePoint Server 2007
- Overview of the Four Migration Methods
- Pre-upgrade Tasks
- Upgrading SQL and Office Platforms
- SharePoint Tasks
- Deprecated Features
- Perform a Full Exam of Your SharePoint Portal Server 2003 Environment
- Decide Which Hardware You Will Use for Your SharePoint Server 2007 Implementation
- Upgrading from 32-Bit SharePoint Portal Server 2003 to 64-Bit SharePoint Server 2007
- Do You Need to Redo Your URL Topology in SharePoint Server 2007?
- Develop a Communication Plan to Inform Users and Management About Migration Activities
- Understand When and How to Use Prescan.exe
- Ensure Your SharePoint Portal Server 2003 and SQL Backups Are Working
- If You Choose to Perform a Gradual Upgrade, Ensure You Have Enough SQL Disk Space
- Be Sure that You Have Removed All Orphaned Objects from the SQL Database
- Increase the Web Site and ASP.NET Timeout Settings
- Plan for Broken Links
- Increase the SQL Transaction Log File Size
- Upgrading Customizations
- Post-upgrade Tasks
- Upgrading Shared Services
- Combining Migration Methods
- Upgrading Between Active Directory Forests
- When to Use the Different Upgrade Methods
- Summary
- Additional Resources
- 23. Capacity Planning and Performance Monitoring
- Glossary
- About the Authors
- Additional Resources for IT Professionals from Microsoft Press
- More Great Resources for IT Professionals from Microsoft Press
- Index
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Information architecture provides necessary alignment between the organization, the users, and the arrangement of data in a way that is rigid enough to provide consistency of user experience, yet flexible enough to endure reasonable change over time. A sound foundation-based approach to information architecture includes defining how the building blocks, data, and end-user activities come together to provide a meaningful experience. Additionally, the details of your information architecture provide the manageable back-end administrative and supportable delivery of the technologies used.
Time spent up front defining a comprehensive information architecture provides a basis for controlled, gradual change over time and limits evolution-oriented "learn-as-you-go" change, which can lead to an inconsistent and unpleasant user experience.
When starting down the path toward an initial pass at your information architecture, consider the following basic questions:
Who will be visiting a given site?
What will they be doing within the site?
What level of information security is necessary within the site?
These questions create a paradigm of sorts that can be used as a basis for framing the initial architecture. This paradigm can be viewed as having both horizontal capabilities and vertical segments. Each horizontal capability symbolizes a primary activity that is performed in sites of a given type. Often, each of the identified capabilities are performed by most, if not all, site participants. Vertical segments subdivide or span across capabilities to form groupings of specific capabilities that are related through application. To apply this theory in practice, imagine the common capability of collaboration and its practical vertical application among salespeople who need information about new products or calling scripts, for example. The next section, "Information Architecture Foundations," describes these categories in more detail.
Inside Track: Who Owns Information Architecture in a SharePoint Deployment?
The information architect can be a single person or a group of people, possibly the same group that designed your Active Directory directory services organizational unit (OU) structure. Has that taxonomy worked out? Maybe the group that designed the public folder hierarchy should own information architecture. Is that a touchy subject? Even Distributed File System (DFS) has a namespace with DFS roots and targets, which have limitations and choices with usability considerations. Did you go with product lines, functional, organizational, regional, or simple buckets?
SharePoint consultants stay very busy helping customers figure out this space. Hopefully, you won’t just throw it over the fence and hope someone gets it right. They probably won’t, and a year or two down the road, someone in IT will be researching how to split databases and move site collections to sites or vice versa. They may even need to tell departments that they no longer have their own Web application—it has been consolidated into a single portal through which they have their own site collection, or they have a site on the portal (a tab in the navigation with the powerful inheritance model).
In a world where SharePoint was growing in leaps and bounds and was even exponential in growth the first year, having site creation go through IT added little value. Many chose to allow employees to create sites for projects and teams and, later on for document and meeting workspaces. These types of sites were ad hoc in nature. However, portals, knowledge management, and document management structured sites required an approval process. The business needed to show it was committed by allocating budget and resources for business development, design, and business processes. Once a business commitment has been made, you can begin to talk about how IT can help meet business goals and where you’ll put a portal in the development queue.
At Microsoft, a software development company with nearly 100 percent information workers, it made sense to enable self-service creation (SSC) on a namespace with a defined quota, where ownership, secondary ownership, site descriptions, and other metadata were captured during site creation. Search would later be driven by this list of sites and URLs.
Joel Oleson, Senior Technical Product Manager, Microsoft
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