Contents

List of Figures and Tables

Acknowledgements

Foreword

Introduction: Goals of Property-Model Methodology

PART 1: Fundamentals

1 General Systems Theory

1.1. Introduction

1.2. What is a system?

1.3. Systems, subsystems and levels

1.4. Concrete and abstract objects

1.5. Properties

1.6. States, event, process, behavior and fact

1.7. Systems of interest

2 Technological Systems

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Definition of technological systems

2.3. Function, behavior and structure of a technological system

2.4. Intended and concomitant effects of a technological system

2.5. Modes, mode switching and states

2.6. Errors, faults and failures

2.7. “The human factor”

3 Knowledge Systems

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Knowledge and its bearers

3.3. Intersubjective knowledge

3.4. Concepts, propositions and conceptual knowledge

3.5. Objective and true knowledge

3.6. Scientific and technological knowledge

3.7. Knowledge and belief

4 Semiotic Systems and Models

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Signs and systems of signs

4.3. Nomological propositions and law statements

4.4. Models, object models, theoretical models and simulation

4.5. Representativeness of models and the expressiveness of languages

Part 2: Methods

5 Engineering Processes

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Systems engineering process

6 Determining Requirements and Specification Models

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Specifications and requirements

6.3. Text-based requirements and subjectivity

6.4. Objectifying requirements and assumptions through property-based requirements

6.5. Conjunction and comparison of property-based requirements

6.6. Interpreting text-based requirements

6.7. Conclusion: specification models and concurrent assertions

7 Designing Solutions and Design Models

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Deriving requirements

7.3. Basic system model of a type of systems

7.4. Dynamic design models of a type of systems

7.5. Derivation and allocation of the system’s behavioral requirements

7.6. Static design models

7.7. Derivation and allocation of system requirements

7.8. The end of the design process and the realization

8 Validating Requirements and Assumptions

8.1. Introduction

8.2. The validation process according to the ARP4754A

8.3. The validation process according to the property model methodology

8.4. Conclusion

9 Verifying the Implementation Step by Step

9.1. Introduction

9.2. The verification process according to the ARP4754A

9.3. The verification process according to the property model methodology

9.4. Conclusion

10 Safety Engineering

10.1. Introduction

10.2. The safety assessment process according to the ARP4754A

10.3. The safety assessment process according to the property model methodology (PMM)

10.4. Conclusion

11 Property Model Methodology Development Process

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Early phase of a system development, preliminary studies

11.3. Steps of the industrial development of a type of systems

11.4. Initial step: highest level system specification

11.5. Design steps: descending and iterative design of the building blocks down to the lowest level blocks

11.6. Realization step of the lowest level building blocks

11.7. Integration and installation steps

11.8. Conclusion

Appendix

A1.1. Introduction

A1.2. Roles and means

A1.3. Producing a specification model (SSM)

A1.4. Producing design models

A1.5. Producing a system model (SM)

Bibliography

Index