List of Variables
| English Symbols | |
| C | number of columns in a contingency table; number of categories |
| CF | tie correction for the Friedman test |
| CH | tie correction for the Kruskal–Wallis H-test |
 | divergence between values from cumulative frequency distributions |
| Di | difference between a ranked pair |
| df | degrees of freedom |
| fe | expected frequency |
| fo | observed frequency |
 | empirical frequency value |
| Fr | Friedman test statistic |
| g | number of tied groups in a variable |
| h | correction for continuity |
| H | Kruskal–Wallis test statistic |
| HA | alternate hypothesis |
| HO | null hypothesis |
| k | number of groups |
| K | kurtosis |
| M | midpoint of a sample |
| n | sample size |
| N | total number of values in a contingency table |
| p | probability |
| Pi | a category's proportion with respect to all categories |
| rb | biserial correlation coefficient for a sample |
| rpb | point-biserial correlation coefficient for a sample |
| rs | Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient for a sample |
| R | number of runs; number of rows in a contingency table |
| Ri | sum of the ranks from a particular sample |
| s | standard deviation of a sample |
| Sk | skewness |
| SE | standard error |
| t | t statistic |
| ti | number of tied values in a tie group |
| T | Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic |
| U | Mann–Whitney test statistic |
 | sample mean |
| y | height of the unit normal curve ordinate at the point dividing two proportions |
| z | the number of standard deviations away from the mean |
| Z | Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic |
| Greek Symbols | |
| α | alpha, probability of making a type I error |
| αB | adjusted level of risk using the Bonferroni procedure |
| β | beta, probability of making a type II error |
| θ | theta, median of a population |
| μ | mu, mean value for a population |
| ρ | rho, correlation coefficient for a population |
| σ | sigma, standard deviation of a population |
| Σ | sigma, summation |
| χ2 | chi-square test statistic |
..................Content has been hidden....................
You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.