In (high) school we sit together with other students, and learn together, but we are not supposed to work together during the exam. The reason is, of course, that teachers want to know what we have learned, and if we just copy exam answers from friends, we may have not learned anything. Later in life we discover that teamwork is important. For example, this book is the product of a whole team, or possibly a group of teams.

Clearly a team can produce better results than a single person. However, this goes against Occam's razor, since a single person can come up with simpler theories compared to what a team will produce. In machine learning we nevertheless prefer to have our models cooperate with the following schemes:

• Bagging
• Boosting
• Stacking
• Blending
• Voting and averaging