Appendix A. Glossary

Abstract form

A form of a linguistic utterance of language L, which is a labeled graph typed over the abstract syntax model of L.

Abstract syntax graph

An instance of an abstract syntax model, which is the internal representation of a mogram in a tool.

Abstract syntax model

A model whose nodes represent the concepts in language L and whose edges represent relationships between these concepts.

Abstract syntax tree

A special form of abstract syntax graph, in which nodes that are references to other nodes, are not connected to the nodes they refer to.

Abstraction level

For a concept present in a software language, the amount of detail required to either represent (for data) or execute (for processes) a concept present in a software language in terms of computer hardware.

Concrete form

A form of a linguistic utterance of language L, which is a labeled graph typed over the concrete syntax model of L.

Concrete syntax model

A metamodel whose nodes represent elements that can be materialized to the human senses and whose edges represent spatial relationships between these elements.

Derivation tree

A tree in which each node represents the application of a production rule in a grammar.

Display format

A type of concrete syntax that is used to display a mogram.

Formalism

In this book, a language that is used to express (parts of) the language specification.

Grammar

A set of production rules used to either determine whether a sentence belongs to a language or to generate a sentence of that language.

Graphical language

A language whose primary concrete syntax is graphical. (Synonym: visual language)

Language

The set of all linguistic utterances that adhere to the language specification.

Language-design environment

An integrated development environment that supports the creation of language specifications.

Language engineer

A person who creates software languages.

Language user

A person who uses software languages to create applications.

Language specification

For language L, the set of rules according to which the linguistic utterances of the language are structured, optionally combined with a description of the intended meaning of the linguistic utterances.

Language workbench

An integrated development environment that supports not only the creation of language specifications but also the work of the language user of the created languages.

Linguistic utterance

A part of a language. A linguistic utterance is part of a language if and only if (1) both the linguistic utterance’s concrete and abstract form are instances of (one of) the concrete syntax model(s) and the abstract syntax model of the language, respectively, and (2) there exists a transformation that transforms the concrete form into the abstract form. (Synonym: mogram)

Metaclass

A class in a metamodel.

Metamodel

A model used to define a (software) language.

Model

A linguistic utterance of a modeling language.

Mogram

A more popular way of saying linguistic utterance.

Natural language

A nonartificial language used by humans to communicate.

Program

A linguistic utterance of a programming language.

Semantic domain model

A metamodel that specifies part of the meaning of mograms in a language, in particular the static structure that is described by the mogram.

Semantics description

A description of the semantics of a language L, which is a means to communicate a subjective understanding of the linguistic utterances of L to another person or persons.

Serialization syntax

A type of concrete syntax that is used to store a mogram and/or interchange a mogram between a number of tools.

Software language

An artificial language that is created to describe and/or create software systems.

Symbol table

A table that holds the information necessary to handle references in an abstract syntax tree.

Syntax mapping

A transformation between an abstract syntax model of a language and one of the language’s concrete syntax models that transforms an abstract form of a mogram into its concrete form and vice versa.

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