NOTES

Chapter 1

1. “Driving an Ambitious Change Program at Pfizer Consumer Health Care,” in Gregg Bangs and Jim Reisler, eds., Booz Allen Hamilton Professional Excellence Awards 2002 (McLean, VA: Booz Allen Hamilton, 2002); and supporting documentation for the award.

2. Michael Porter, “What is Strategy?” Harvard Business Review, November– December 1996, 61–78.

3. C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, “The Core Competence of the Corporation,” Harvard Business Review, May–June 1990, 79–91.

4. Kim Warren, “Capability-Based Strategy: Beware Core Competencies,” Talking About Strategy with Kim Warren, Web page, December 14, 2008, www.kimwarren.com.

5. Andrew S. Grove, Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points That Challenge Every Company (New York: Doubleday, 1996).

6. Walter Kiechel III, The Lords of Strategy: The Secret Intellectual History of the New Corporate World (Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2010), 5–6.

Chapter 2

1. The Coca-Cola Company Web site, www.thecoca-colacompany.com.

2. A. G. Lafley, “What Only the CEO Can Do,” Harvard Business Review, May 2009; and Roger Martin, The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2009), chapter 4.

3. A. G. Lafley with Ram Charan, “P&G’s Innovation Culture,” strategy+business, Autumn 2008.

4. Lafley, “What Only the CEO Can Do.”

5. Steven Wheeler, Walter McFarland, and Art Kleiner, “A Blueprint for Strategic Leadership,” strategy+business, Winter 2007.

6. James B. Shein and Loredana Yamada, “Sara Lee: A Tale of Another Turnaround,” Case 5-108-009 (KEL353) (Evanston, IL: Kellogg School of Management, 2008).

7. “Sara Lee to Sell Personal Care Brands to Unilever,” Reuters, September 25, 2009; Brenda Barnes and Marcel Smits, Sara Lee, presentation to the Consumer Analyst Group of New York, February 16, 2010.

8. Arie P. de Geus, “Planning as Learning,” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1988, 70–74.

9. Gary Hamel and C. K. Prahalad, Competing for the Future (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1994), 205–206.

10. C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel, “The Core Competence of the Corporation,” Harvard Business Review, May–June 1990, 79–91.

11. Michael Porter, “The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, January 2008, 78–93.

12. Jürgen Ringbeck and Daniel Röska, “Flying Through Stormy Skies: How Airlines Can Navigate the Global Recession,” Booz & Company white paper, New York, 2009.

13. Jeremiah McNichols, “The True Story of Pampers Dry Max, Part 1: The Diaper Wars,” Z Recommends, May 15, 2010, www.zrecommends.com/detail/ the-true-story-of-pampers-dry-max-part-1-the-diaper-wars/.

14. Marcus Morawietz, Matthias Bäumier, Pedro Caruso, and Jayant Gotpagar, Future of Chemicals III: The Commoditization of Specialty Chemicals, Managing the Inevitable, Booz & Company white paper, New York, 2010.

15. Pankaj Ghemawat, Redefining Global Strategy (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2007), 27.

16. Gerald Adolph, Justin Pettit, and Michael Sisk, Merge Ahead: Mastering the Five Enduring Trends of Artful M&A (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009), 70–77.

17. Alfonso Martinez and Ronald Haddock, “The Flatbread Factor,” strategy+ business, Spring 2007.

18. Edward Tse, The China Strategy: Harnessing the Power of the World’s Fastest-Growing Economy (New York: Basic Books, 2010), 1–2; Kristian Foden-Vencil, “Chinese Sportswear Company Opens U.S. Store,” February 23, 2010, Morning Edition, NPR, February 23, 2010, transcript available at http://www.npr .org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123993826.

19. Andrew Dunn and Suresh Seshadri, “Motorola Accuses Huawei of Conspiring to Steal Trade Secrets,” BusinessWeek, July 22, 2010.

20. Richard Fletcher, “Turtles and Toads Boost Tesco,” Sunday Times, March 5, 2006. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/article737485.ece.

21. Tse, The China Strategy, 51.

22. Alexander V. Izosimov, “Managing Hypergrowth,” Harvard Business Review, April 2008, 121–127.

23. Ann Graham, “Too Good to Fail: The Tata Group,” strategy+business, Spring 2010.

24. Judd Kahn and Bruce C. Greenwald, Competition Demystified (New York: Portfolio, 2005), 368; Noel Tichy and Stratford Sherman, Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will (New York: HarperBusiness, 2001), 96.

25. Tichy and Sherman, Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will, 83.

26. Claudia H. Deutsch, “A Chairman’s Fall: GE Magic Can Fade, After GE,” New York Times, January 4, 2007; Brian Hindo, “At 3M, A Struggle Between Efficiency and Creativity,” BusinessWeek, June 11, 2007.

Chapter 3

1. Paul Branstad and Chuck Lucier, “Zealots Rising: The Case for Practical Visionaries,” strategy+business, 1st Quarter, 2001.

2. Jeffrey Schwartz, Douglas Lennick, and Pablo Gaito, “That’s the Way We Do Things Around Here,” strategy+business, Spring 2011.

3. Mahatma Gandhi, quoted in Michel W. Potts, “Arun Gandhi Shares the Mahatma’s Message,” India—West 27, no. 13 (February 1, 2002): A34; and Mahatma Gandhi, indirectly quoted by Arun Gandhi, in Carmella B’Hahn, “Be the Change You Wish to See: An Interview with Arun Gandhi,” Reclaiming Children and Youth 10, no. 1 (spring 2001): 6.

Chapter 4

1. Reference for Business, Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed., s.v. “Walmart Stores, Inc.”; www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/M-Z/Walmart-Stores-Inc.html.

2. Michael Barbara, “It’s Not Only About Price at WalMart,” New York Times, March 2, 2007; John R. Wells and Travis Haglock, “The Rise of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. 1962–1987,” Case 9-707-439 (Boston: Harvard Business School, 2008); P. Fraser Johnson, “Supply Chain Management at Wal-Mart,” Case 907D01 (London, ON: Richard Ivey School of Buisness, 2006); Stephen P. Bradley and Pankaj Ghemawat, “Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,” Case 9-794-024 (Boston: Harvard Business School, 2002); Meg Marco et al, “Leaks: Walmart Powerpoint on ‘3 Consumer’ Plan,” The Consumerist, March 6, 2007, http://consumerist.com/ 2007/03/leaks-walmart-powerpoint-on-3-customer-plan.html; George Stalk, Jr., Philip Evans, and Lawrence E. Shulman, “Competing on Capabilities: The New Rules of Corporate Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, March–April 1992.

3. Mike Duff, “Why Walmart Should Be Worried: Target’s Cheap Chic Is Hitting the Bulls-Eye,” BNET, April 29, 2010; http://industry.bnet.com/retail/ 10009247/target-streaks-past-walmart-driven-by-cheap-chic-revival/.

4. Sears Holdings Corporation, “About Kmart” Web page; http://www .sears holdings.com/about/kmart/.

5. Harry Cunningham, quoted in James Champy and Nitin Nohria, The Arc of Ambition (New York: Basic, 2000), 69.

6. Gary Hamel and C. K. Prahalad, Competing for the Future (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1994; paperback edition 1996), 141.

7. Theodore Kinni, “What Experience Would You Like with That?”, strategy+business, Autumn 2010. The six books are: B. Joseph Pine II and James H. Gilmore, The Experience Economy: Work Is Theatre and Every Business a Stage (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1999); Bernd H. Schmitt, Experiential Marketing: How to Get Customers to Sense, Feel, Think, Act, and Relate to Your Company and Brands (New York: Free Press, 1999); Lewis P. Carbone, Clued In: How to Keep Customers Coming Back Again and Again (London: FT Press, 2004); Leonard L. Berry and Kent D. Seltman, Management Lessons from Mayo Clinic: Inside One of the World’s Most Admired Service Organizations (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008); Lior Arussy, Customer Experience Strategy: The Complete Guide from Innovation to Execution (New York: 4i, 2010); and Jeanne Bliss, Chief Customer Officer: Getting Past Lip Service to Passionate Action (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006).

8. Joe Wilcox, “Remembering Apple’s First Store,” eWeek AppleWatch, May 15, 2008; http://blogs.eweek.com/applewatch/content/channel/remembering_apples_ first_store.html.

9. Michael Porter, “The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, January 2008, 78–93; Theodore Levitt, “Marketing Myopia,” Harvard Business Review, July/August 1960, 45–56.

10. Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997).

Chapter 5

1. W. Brian Arthur, “Increasing Returns and the New World of Business,” Harvard Business Review, July 1996, 100–109.

2. Thomas A. Stewart and Julia Kirby, “The Institutional Yes: An Interview with Jeff Bezos,” Harvard Business Review, October 2007, 74–82.

3. Gary Hamel and C. K. Prahalad, Competing for the Future (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1994; paperback edition 1996), 199.

4. Edward Tse, The China Strategy: Harnessing the Power of the World’s Fastest-Growing Economy (New York: Basic Books, 2010), 137–138.

5. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Inventing the Electronic Century (New York: Free Press, 2001), 5.

6. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Shaping the Industrial Century: The Remarkable Story of the Evolution of the Modern Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries (Boston: Harvard University Press, 2005), 9; Art Kleiner, “Professor Chandler’s Revolution,” strategy+business, 2nd Quarter 2002.

7. Walter Kiechel III, “Seven Chapters of Strategic Wisdom,” strategy+ business, Spring 2010.

8. Chandler, Inventing the Electronic Century, 87–90 and 96–97.

9. Kaj Grichnik and Conrad Winkler, Make or Break: How Manufacturers Can Make the Leap from Decline to Revitalization (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008), 1–4.

Chapter 6

1. Lyla Adwan, “The Breath Strips Revolution,” EuroMonitor International, May 23, 2003; www.euromonitor.com/The_breath_strips_revolution.

2. Nat Ives, “Quirky Campaigns Vie for the Growing Market in Breath Strips, No Longer a One-Brand Novelty,” New York Times, May 27, 2003; “Best Inventions 2002,” Time, www.time.com/time/2002/inventions/med_breath .html.

3. Jane Larson, “Wrigley’s Big Play: The Breath Strip,” Phoenix Arizona Republic, February 23, 2003.

4. Adwan, “The Breath Strips Revolution; It’s on the Tip of Your Tongue,” BusinessWeek, July 31, 2006, http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/ 06_31/b3995059.htm; “Breath Strip Downturn Prompts Wrigley Production Changes,” Food Production Daily, October 22, 2004, www.foodproductiondaily .com/Processing/Breath-strip-downturn-prompts-Wrigley-production-changes; and Wrigley, “Wrigley Brands Woven into the Fabric of Everyday Life,” company Web page; www.wrigley-trade.co.uk/index.cfm?articleid=190.

5. Walter Kiechel, The Lords of Strategy: The Secret Intellectual History of the New Corporate World (Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2010), chapter 2.

6. Harry Quarls, Thomas Pernsteiner, and Kasturi Rangan, “Love Your Dogs,” strategy+business, Spring 2006.

7. Kiechel, The Lords of Strategy, 68.

Chapter 7

1. David Fairlamb and Laura Cohn, “A Bumpy Ride in Europe,” BusinessWeek, October 6, 2003.

2. Reuters, “In-Store Clinics Boost Wal-Mart’s Health,” May 30, 2007.

3. Ann Zimmerman, “Retail Sales Show Signs of Life,” Wall Street Journal, March 6, 2009.

4. Christopher Zook, Profit from the Core: A Return to Growth in Turbulent Times (Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2010), chapter 5.

5. John Varley, “Barclay’s Global Acceleration,” strategy+business, Summer 2007.

6. Robert Manor, “Busch Closing Eagle Snacks, but Rival Frito-Lay to Buy 4 of 5 Plants,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 8, 1996.

7. Richard Melcher, “How Anheuser’s Eagle Became Extinct,” BusinessWeek, March 4, 1996, 68.

8. Ibid.

9. Chris Dettro, “Is Frito-Lay Getting Overly Shelf-ish? Competition Tactics Called into Question,” The Springfield (IL) State Journal-Register, June 1, 1996; Mark L. Sirower, “Imagined Synergy: A Prescription for a No-Win Deal,” Mergers & Acquisitions, January–February 1998.

10. Ibid.

11. “P&G Buys Eagle Snacks Brand Name,” New York Times, May 7, 1996, D4.

12. Melcher, “How Anheuser’s Eagle Became Extinct.”

13. W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, Blue Ocean Strategy (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2005).

14. Randall Stross, “Failing Like a Buggy Whip Maker? Better Check Your Simile,” New York Times, January 9, 2010.

15. Matthew Egol, Harry Hawkes, and Greg Springs, “Reinventing Print Media,” strategy+business, Autumn 2009; and David Dobson, “Integrated Innovation at Pitney Bowes,” strategy+business, Winter 2009.

16. Gerald Adolph and Justin Pettit, Merge Ahead: Mastering the Five Enduring Trends of Artful M&A (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009), 20.

Chapter 8

1. Bob Hutchens and Justin Pettit, “Deal or No Deal? Outcomes from a Decade of Healthcare M&A,” working paper, Booz & Company, New York, September 22, 2009.

2. Gerald Adolph, Justin Pettit, and Michael Sisk, Merge Ahead: Mastering the Five Enduring Trends of Artful M&A (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009), 36–38.

3. Jonathan Wheatley, “Shares Soar As Brazilian Banks Merge,” London, Financial Times, November 3, 2008.

4. Pallavi Gogoi, “A Bittersweet Deal for Wrigley,” BusinessWeek, May 1, 2008.

5. Dean Best, “Mars, Wrigley Look to a Sweeter Future,” Just-food.com, April 29, 2008, http://www.just-food.com/analysis/mars-wrigley-look-to-a-sweeter-future_id102165.aspx.

Chapter 9

1. Vinay Couto, Ashok Divakaran, Mahadeva Matt Mani, and Cheri Lantz, “Survival vs. Success: How Companies Are Responding to the Recession, and Why It’s Not Enough,” Booz & Company white paper, March 26, 2009.

2. James H. Keyes, “Letter to Shareholders” (Milwaukee, WI: Johnson Controls, Inc. Annual Report, 1995), 2.

3. Lehman Brothers Industry Report (New York: Lehman Brothers, October 1995).

4. “R.J. Reynolds Professional Excellence Award,” in Booz Allen Hamilton Annual Report (New York: Booz Allen Hamilton, 2004).

Chapter 10

1. William Duggan, ”How Aha Really Happens,” strategy+business, Spring 2011.

2. George S. Day, “Is It Real? Can We Win? Is It Worth Doing? Managing Risk and Reward in an Innovation Portfolio,” Harvard Business Review, December 2007, 110–120.

3. Noel Tichy and Stratford Sherman, Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will (New York: HarperBusiness, 2001), 113.

Chapter 11

1. PCH Growth of 8 percent in 2005 versus industry growth of 4 percent, from the supporting documentation to: “Driving an Ambitious Change Program at Pfizer Consumer Health Care,” in Gregg Bangs and Jim Reisler, eds., Booz Allen Hamilton Professional Excellence Awards 2002 (McLean, VA: Booz Allen Hamilton, 2002).

2. Ken Favaro, interview with authors, October 19, 2009.

3. Carlos Ghosn, quoted in Gary Neilson and Bruce Pasternack, Results: Keep What’s Good, Fix What’s Wrong, and Unlock Great Performance (New York: Crown Business, 2005), 227.

4. Carlos Ghosn, “Saving the Business Without Losing the Company,” Harvard Business Review, January 2002, 37–45.

5. Ibid.

6. For more on the idea of tracking financial returns and investment in innovation, see Alexander Kandybin, “Which Innovation Efforts Will Pay?” Sloan Management Review, Fall 2009.

7. Jon Katzenbach and Zia Khan, Leading Outside the Lines: How to Mobilize the (in)Formal Organization, Energize Your Team, and Get Better Results (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010).

8. Ibid., chapter 1.

9. DeAnne Aguirre, Laird Post, and Sylvia Ann Hewlett, “The Talent Innovation Imperative,” strategy+business, Autumn 2009.

10. Dave Ulrich and Norm Smallwood, Leadership Brand: Developing Customer-Focused Leaders to Drive Performance and Build Lasting Value (Boston, Harvard Business School Press, 2007).

11. Jeffrey Pfeffer, “Are There Stars in Banking—or Anywhere Else?” August 5, 2009, BNet, http://blogs.bnet.com/ceo/?p=2611.

12. Ken Favaro, interview with authors, October 19, 2009.

Chapter 12

1. A. G. Lafley, “Ongoing Transformation: Leading Change to Sustain Growth and Leadership” (transcript of speech given to Academy of Management, Philadelphia, August 5, 2007).

2. Michael Porter, “What Is Strategy?” Harvard Business Review, November– December 1996, 61–78.

3. Mahatma Gandhi, quoted in Michel W. Potts, “Arun Gandhi Shares the Mahatma’s Message,” India—West 27, no. 13 (February 1, 2002): A34; and Mahatma Gandhi, indirectly quoted by Arun Gandhi, in Carmella B’Hahn, “Be the Change You Wish to See: An Interview with Arun Gandhi,” Reclaiming Children and Youth 10, no. 1 (spring 2001): 6.

4. Paul Branstad and Chuck Lucier, “Zealots Rising: The Case for Practical Visionaries,” strategy +business, 1st Quarter 2001.

5. “Johnson Controls Elects Stephen Roell Chief Executive Officer; John M. Barth to Retire After 38 Years of Service,” Auto Channel Web site, July 26, 2007, www.theautochannel.com/news/2007/07/26/056247.html.