Chapter 12

Managing the Aftermath of Violence

Abstract

Even the most robust and comprehensive workplace violence prevention and response programs cannot ensure that no acts of serious violence will ever occur on your premises. It is for this reason that such a program must include a detailed thoughtful plan for managing the situation after violence. There are many considerations but paramount must be a strong desire and plan to take care of those affected by the violence whether they are employees, visitors, customers, or those not affiliated with your organization in any way. Acting with confidence and certainty at such critical times defines an organization and leaves a lasting impression on all. While the implementation of such planning forces the organization to consider and plan for the unthinkable, failure to do so will undoubtedly mean a flawed, fractured response, which will not be forgotten or go unnoticed by a critical media.

Keywords

aftermath
anger
business recovery
denial
emotional turmoil
grief
homicide
investigation
law enforcement
public communication
public information officer
shock
shooting
training
trauma
violence
witness interviews

“The best laid plans of mice and men often go awry.”

—Adapted from “To a Mouse” by Robert Burns

There may be a time when, despite your planning and vigilance, violence still comes to visit. A common weak link is that you must rely on other people (and sometimes a vast number of people) to alert you to a threat or other disturbing circumstances and unfortunately, human beings are not perfect. There may also be a situation where an external threat exists of which no one in your organization is cognizant. Similar to the shooting of Transportation Security Administration (TSA) personnel at the Los Angeles International Airport detailed in Chapter 7, no one within TSA, the airport police, the Los Angeles Police Department, or anyone else working at the airport had any idea who the shooter was or that he had a grievance against the government. Friends and family members knew but, having no training, did not know what to do with the information in a timely manner that would have prevented the shootings and the one homicide.
So the remaining part of your planning efforts should focus on managing the aftermath of violence. As mentioned so many times earlier, after the event has occurred is the wrong time to develop your plan. Based on the circumstances of your incident, your plan can certainly be amended as necessary but you need to have a basic framework of what needs to be done. The tasks within the framework should be preassigned to individuals or functional groups so that they may begin executing responsibilities as soon as possible.
The five components of your aftermath recovery are shown in below figure. These components should be executed simultaneously, not sequentially. We realize that it may not be possible or, depending on the circumstances, appropriate to do everything we discuss in the following sections. You will need to determine which of these makes sense for the situation to which you are responding.
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The Five Components of Aftermath Recovery

Victim and Family Care

The families of the victims will be going through many emotional phases, such as shock, denial, grief, and anger. They will be in an initial state of confusion and the family members may forget to take care of themselves. Additionally family members from outside of the area may be coming into town. So the first need they will have is lodging and food. If you have a corporate travel department or travel agent that you deal with, then this office or agent can be helpful in finding quality and economical lodging. Your travel department may even be able to negotiate a discount based on the circumstances and number of rooms needed. It would also be great if your organization could pick up a week or two of lodging for the immediate family. It is important to note that if you decided to pay for any of the lodging, you need to clearly set out the limitations on who you will be paying for (e.g. immediately family being mother, father, sister, and brother) and how long you will be picking up the tab.
Food will be the next thing with which you can be helpful. You can provide groceries for the in-town family and gift cards to local restaurants and fast food locations to those from out of town. Think of what the in-town families will need for the next two weeks, stock their pantries and don’t forget beverages. The stress that they will be under can promote dehydration so make sure plenty of bottled water is included. Also provide an occasional catered meal that would accommodate the in-town and out-of-town family members. Be a gracious host. Similarly, provide the catering for any memorial or funeral services.
The family’s emotional well-being should also be a priority. If the city or county does not provide victim counseling, then make counseling, via your employee assistance program provider, available to them and pick up the cost. They are going through a tremendous amount of stress, grief, and general emotional turmoil, so having the family meet with counselors through your program will be a huge benefit for them.
Money will be a large issue for them as well. You have picked up the tabs for meals, lodging, and counseling, but your employees may wish to help as well. Place donation jars at a few appropriate places around your facility and encourage your associates to donate the cost of a premium cup of coffee or the change from their lunch purchase.
If the victim has children, consider setting up a trust fund for them with a local bank; make a sizeable donation and publicize how the community can add to the fund. You might also consider other needs for the children, such as back-to-school clothing, school supplies, or holiday gifts if the incident took place prior to these events.
Have you ever called a health care insurance agency regarding a claim and the only result was personal frustration? If you haven’t, you’re in the minority. Prevent this additional frustration for the immediate family by providing a single point of contact within your benefits group. The family can then call that point of contact with any questions or general help in getting medical or death benefits related to the victim. This should be assigned during your planning stages so that the benefits department can be well prepared. The family should also be provided with a single point of contact within the human resource group in order to give any other assistance they need.

Employee Care

Your employees, including the ones not present at the time of the violent act, will be in emotional distress. Counselors should be on-site, or if the facility will not be reopening soon, counselors should be brought into nearby hotel conference rooms to meet with employees. You should encourage your associates to take advantage of these services. Also, the effects of the emotional trauma may not immediately come to the surface, so even those who say that they are fine should be urged to have at least one meeting with a counselor.
Your management and human resource staff should stay close to the employees to determine if they are having psychological problems or do not feel safe working at your facility. In order to deal with their fears, this may also be the time to execute your enhanced security plan.
There are many reasons to keep the news media away from your employees. In the “Public Communication” section, we will cover the emotional effect the media may have on your employees. Many associates will feel uncomfortable with the throng of media trucks and reporters that will be descending on your premises after the event. Some will not want to rehash the events that have just occurred with a throng of reporters. Others will be in emotional trauma and it will be detrimental to their mental health to be approached by the members of the news media. Therefore you will want to let the media know that no one at the location will be talking to them. In most cities, counties, and states, you can keep the media off of your property if you can show law enforcement where the legal boundary lines are located. Again, the time to determine the boundary lines is during your planning stages, not once an event has occurred.
Immediately after the event, inquiries from the media should be referred to the public information officer from the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over the crime scene.

Police Relations

At some point shortly after the police have cleared the building, their investigation will commence. It will be best to set up points of contact between your organization and the investigating agency. You will want to have the office and mobile phone numbers for the police department’s public information officer and the numbers for a point of contact on the investigation team. As mentioned before, all media inquires should be referred to the public information officer. Any possible newly discovered evidence (e.g. an associate remembers something he or she did not tell the investigators during the official statement) should be forwarded to your investigation contact. The investigating team will want one point of contact to assist them with their needs such as:
Providing them with the names and contact information for all associates, highlighting those who were on-site at the time of the violent act.
Helping to ensure that all associates, who were on-site at the time of the incident, have been accounted for and are not injured.
Access to any personnel or other records as required for their investigation
Scheduling associate-witness interviews.
Determining if possible evidence belonged to the business or was brought in by the person who committed the crime (e.g. if a knife was found by the police, they will want to know if it was used in the course of business or if the killer brought the knife onto the premises).
A complete set of blueprints for the facility. This will help police confirm that they have cleared every part of the facility as well as being able to identify where all of the doors and other possible points of entry are located.
Access to your closed-circuit surveillance system. Whoever is the most knowledgeable about the system needs to be on call to assist the police. If the data on your surveillance system is encrypted, you will need to have the resources available to decrypt the data for them.
Information regarding the location of any hazardous, flammable, or explosive material that might be kept on the premises.
Any public statement that your organization is planning to release should be vetted with the investigating agency’s public information officer. This is done to insure that any statements supplied to the media do not relate information that the police department does not want made public.

Interim Business Recovery

Getting back to business should be a priority after the incident. Undoubtedly there will be a concern about how any business interruption will affect stability of the organization’s financials, but this is not a book about business—it is a book about survival and recovery. So let’s first focus on the surrounding community and your associates.
Getting back to business is important for both the healing of the community and your employees. The people in the surrounding area will be devastated that such a heinous deed has scarred their community. Seeing your business reopen will help their sense of feeling good about their neighborhood and the businesses in the community. Additionally your employees will very quickly want to get back to work so they can commiserate with their coworkers and return to a sense of normalcy. Everyone should have had several visits with your employee assistance counselors who have helped them overcome their grief and anxiety, readying them for a return to work. There will be those that are reluctant to return and you will probably find that many of them did not follow up with their counseling sessions. This is another reason why it is important to encourage everyone to take advantage of the counseling you are offering. The counselors should also be on hand during the first few days back in business to assist any of the employees who might be feeling any anxiety over returning to work.
But are you prepared to carry on if your business is closed as a police crime scene for a few hours, a few days, a few weeks, or a month or longer? The larger or more complex the crime scene, the longer it is going to take for the police to process the evidence and turn the facility back over to you. Your interruption may be even longer if you determine that remodeling the facility would be in the best interest of your returning staff.
Every organization should have a business recovery plan in the event that a hurricane, tornado, or earthquake takes the facility off-line for an extended period of time. After a shooting is another time to execute your business recovery plan. If you have not yet developed one, answering the following questions is a great way to get one started:
If your main facility is going to be closed for a period of time, do you have a temporary facility that can be used?
If not, where will employees go to get the business back up and running?
What job functions can be performed by people working from home?
How will you provide the information technology infrastructure necessary to do business, including communication systems?
What supplies will you need in your temporary facility and how can you get them ordered and delivered quickly?
What items still at the crime scene are necessary for conducting business and how can you replicate them at your interim facility?
How will you communicate to your employees that they are needed back and tell them where to go and what time to be there?

Public Communication

After an incident has occurred, the news media will respond to your facility. It is important to understand that their job is to get a good story on the air. Here’s what you can expect:
They will want a company representative to go on camera and give a statement.
They will try to approach your employees as they leave the building to get on-camera statements.
They may show up at the homes of the victims or the victim’s families to get them to appear on camera.
They may want an exclusive interview with a company executive.
If you do not make a statement to the news media, it may get turned into an issue; for example, the story could read, “The company is keeping mum about what happened. They have not returned our numerous calls.” Suddenly the fact that you haven’t made a statement becomes the story, which may be perceived as if your company has something to hide.
You also want to avoid creating an adversarial relationship with the news media. Respond to their calls, treat them with courtesy and respect, and be open and honest about which topics you can discuss.

Statement Preparation

If your company does not have an experienced media relations representative, then you should hire a reputable public relations firm. As always, it is best to develop this relationship before you actually need them.
Your company should have a policy forbidding employees from talking to the news media or providing them with any policy manuals, video recordings (either from the company closed-circuit TV system or from their personal smartphone), and so forth. The employees need to understand that these actions could be detrimental to law enforcement’s investigation of the incident. After an incident occurs, the employees should be reminded that all media requests must be referred to your media relations representative.
Statements should be drafted by your communications or media relations groups and vetted with your public relations firm, legal counsel, and the police department’s public information officer. The law enforcement agency must be made aware that you are going to give a statement to the news media and be given the opportunity to vet the information to insure that details crucial to the investigation will not be divulged to the public.
If a senior company executive is going to give the statement, the news media should be informed that the executive will not be taking any questions. Senior executives often feel that they should answer the media’s questions, however, they are usually not well prepared. This can cause negative perceptions that should be avoided.

What Should Be in the Company Statement

The following should always be in the company statement to the press:
Expressions of sympathy for the victims and their families
Explanations of services or benefits that the company is providing such as:
Counseling services for your employees as well as the families of the victims
Victim and family financial assistance or trust fund arrangements
Expressions of appreciation to the law enforcement and the emergency service agencies who have responded
The following should not be in the statement to the press:
Information or commentary regarding law enforcement’s investigation
Discussions about liability for the incident

Handling Questions

All questions relating to the incident and the investigation should be referred to the law enforcement public information officer with this disclaimer: “It would be inappropriate for us to comment while this matter is under investigation by the authorities.”
The media may ask your representative a question about a political issue, such as “Do you think this would have happened if the legislature had passed the tougher gun laws that were proposed last year?” These types of questions are designed to provide a controversial sound bite for the next newscast and can polarize public opinion toward your company. We recommend that you avoid a direct response and say something along these lines: “Right now we are focused on the victims and their families, and speculating on the impact that some proposed public policy may or may not have had is not something that I can address.”

Requests for Exclusive Interviews

We do not recommend giving exclusive interviews for the following reasons:
If you do not provide every media outlet the same opportunity, you may make enemies at a time when you do not need any aggravation from the press.
Your interview will be edited, spliced, and possibly aired with your comments taken out of context. You should only consider exclusive interviews if:
There is a specific and important message that needs to be communicated to the public.
The news organization grants you approval over how they edit and comment on the interview. This is very tough but a good public relations firm can help negotiate these points with the news organization.

Helping Victims and Their Families Deal with the News Media

Victims and/or their families may turn to you for assistance if they have been contacted for an interview by the news media. In order to protect against the perception that you are influencing their statements, it is best to refer them to their own attorney.
The information presented in this chapter has been intended to be as inclusive as we can make it, but you must choose what to do based on the situation with which you are dealing. Also remember, even as we discuss these topics in sequential order, the preassigned people or functions need to begin executing all components as soon as possible.
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