B, C, D
- boundary conditions, 142, 144
- closed-loop representation, 249, 257, 271, 274, 276, 277, 279
- commensurate order FDS, 289, 291
- conservative stability condition, 269
- controller
- CRONE, 99
- fractional PID, 99
- critical point, 174, 175, 179, 181, 186, 198, 200–204
- diffusive RC line, 139
- direct Lyapunov method, 344
- dissipation and
- regeneration of energy, 294
- distributed initial state, 67
E, F, G
- energy balance
- energy stored
- in a fractional integrator, 206, 219
- in the open-loop model, 243
- FDS state control, 131
- fractional
- energy, 206, 224, 226
- capacitor, 297, 299, 300, 306, 307, 312, 339
- inductor, 300, 338
- integrator state control, 100
- observer, 68, 71
- gradient algorithm, 84–88, 92, 95, 97
H, I, L
- history function approach, –5, 16, 26, 67
- improved initialization, 90
- incomplete gamma function, 19
- indirect Lyapunov method, 344
- infinite
- dimensional system, 62
- length RC line, 206, 297, 300
- state approach, , , 33
- initial
- conditions, , ,
- value problem, ,
- initialization
- initialization energy of the Caputo derivative, 235, 245
- invariance principle, 255–257, 266, 272
- least-squares technique, 68, 84, 96
- limit cycle, 344, 365, 366, 370–375
- LMI stability condition, 247, 248, 258, 269
- local stability, 344, 366
- Luenberger observer, 68, 71
- Lyapunov stability, 247, 249, 258, 269, 281, 293, 294, 320
M, N, O
- matrix Mittag-Leffler function, 15, 39, 45
- natural relaxation, 154–156, 165
- negative resistor, 300, 301, 322, 363, 367, 374
- non-commensurate order FDEs, 170,
- nonlinear fractional order system, 344
- numerical stability, 147
- Nyquist criterion, 169, 171, 173–175, 179, 181, 185, 186, 195, 196
- observability
- and controllability gramians, 38
- ODE state control, 102
- open-loop representation, 248, 254, 255, 257, 266, 270, 272, 273, 276
P, R, S
- pseudo-state
- recursive least-squares
- reset of the RC line, 134, 154, 158
- stability
- condition, 247, 248, 253, 265, 270, 274, 290, 292
- degree, 169–171, 175, 182, 195, 204
T, V
- theory of passivity, 294
- Van der Pol oscillator, 344, 363, 364, 369, 371
- Vandermonde matrix, 55, 57
- variable gradient method, 344, 353
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