Chapter 5, Container and Cloud Environments with Java EE, introduced the approaches of 12-factor and cloud native applications. They heavily support microservice architectures.

In particular, the shared-nothing approach of having interdependent, distributed applications is well realizable with the principles of containerized, stateless, and scalable enterprise applications.

The 12-factor principles and the effective nature of cloud and container environments support teams in developing microservices with manageable overhead and high productivity.

However, an enterprise system doesn't not have to be distributed in order to comply with the 12-factor or cloud native principles. The approaches are certainly advisable for building monolithic applications as well.