Introduction
Welcome to CCNA Routing and Switching Portable Command Guide! The success of the previous editions of this book prompted Cisco Press to approach me with a request to update the book with the necessary new content to help both students and IT professionals in the field study and prepare for the CCNA Routing and Switching exam. For someone who originally thought that this book would be less than 100 pages in length and limited to the Cisco Networking Academy program for its complete audience, I am continually amazed that my little engineering journal has caught on with such a wide range of people throughout the IT community.
I have long been a fan of what I call the “engineering journal,” a small notebook that can be carried around and that contains little nuggets of information—commands that you forget, the IP addressing scheme of some remote part of the network, little reminders about how to do something you only have to do once or twice a year (but is vital to the integrity and maintenance of your network). This journal has been a constant companion by my side for the past 15 years; I only teach some of these concepts every second or third year, so I constantly need to refresh commands and concepts and learn new commands and ideas as Cisco releases them. My journals are the best way for me to review because they are written in my own words (words that I can understand). At least, I had better understand them because if I can’t, I have only myself to blame.
My first published engineering journal was the CCNA Quick Command Guide; it was organized to match the (then) order of the Cisco Networking Academy program. That book then morphed into the Portable Command Guide, the fourth edition of which you are reading right now. This book is my “industry” edition of the engineering journal. It contains a different logical flow to the topics, one more suited to someone working in the field. Like topics are grouped together: routing protocols, switches, troubleshooting. More complex examples are given. IPv6 has now been integrated directly into the content chapters themselves. IPv6 is not something new that can be introduced in a separate chapter; it is part of network designs all around the globe, and we need to be as comfortable with it as we are with IPv4. The popular “Create Your Own Journal” appendix is still here (blank pages for you to add in your own commands that you need in your specific job). We all recognize the fact that no network administrator’s job can be so easily pigeonholed as to just working with CCNA topics; you all have your own specific jobs and duties assigned to you. That is why you will find those blank pages at the end of the book. Make this book your own; personalize it with what you need to make it more effective. This way your journal will not look like mine.
Networking Devices Used in the Preparation of This Book
To verify the commands in this book, I had to try them out on a few different devices. The following is a list of the equipment I used when writing this book:
C2821 ISR with PVDM2, CMME, a WIC-2T, FXS and FXO VICs, running 12.4(10a) IPBase IOS
WS-C2960-24TT-L Catalyst switch, running 12.2(25)SE IOS
WS-C2950-12 Catalyst switch, running Version C2950-C3.0(5.3)WC(1) Enterprise Edition software
C1941 ISRG2 router with WIC 2T and HWIC-4ESW, running Version 15.1(1)T Cisco IOS with a technology package of IPBaseK9
Those of you familiar with Cisco devices will recognize that a majority of these commands work across the entire range of the Cisco product line. These commands are not limited to the platforms and Cisco IOS Software versions listed. In fact, these devices are in most cases adequate for someone to continue his or her studies into the CCNP level.
Private Addressing Used in This Book
This book uses RFC 1918 addressing throughout. Because I do not have permission to use public addresses in my examples, I have done everything with private addressing. Private addressing is perfect for use in a lab environment or in a testing situation because it works exactly like public addressing, with the exception that it cannot be routed across a public network.
Who Should Read This Book
This book is for those people preparing for the CCNA Routing and Switching exam, whether through self-study, on-the-job training and practice, or study within the Cisco Networking Academy program. There are also some handy hints and tips along the way to make life a bit easier for you in this endeavor. This book is small enough that you will find it easy to carry around with you. Big, heavy textbooks might look impressive on your bookshelf in your office, but can you really carry them around with you when you are working in some server room or equipment closet somewhere?
Optional Sections
A few sections in this book have been marked as optional. These sections cover topics that are not on the CCNA Routing and Switching certification exam, but they are valuable topics that should be known by someone at a CCNA level. Some of the optional topics might also be concepts that are covered in the Cisco Networking Academy program courses.
Organization of This Book
This book follows a logical approach to configuring a small to mid-size network. It is an approach that I give to my students when they invariably ask for some sort of outline to plan and then configure a network. Specifically, this approach is as follows:
Part I: Network Fundamentals
Chapter 1, “How to Subnet”—An overview of how to subnet, examples of subnetting (both a Class B and a Class C address), the use of the binary AND operation, the Enhanced Bob Maneuver to Subnetting
Chapter 2, “VLSM”—An overview of VLSM, an example of using VLSM to make your IP plan more efficient
Chapter 3, “Route Summarization”—Using route summarization to make your routing updates more efficient, an example of how to summarize a network, necessary requirements for summarizing your network
Chapter 4, “Cables and Connections”—An overview of how to connect to Cisco devices, which cables to use for which interfaces, and the differences between the TIA/EIA 568A and 568B wiring standards for UTP
Chapter 5, “The Command-Line Interface”—How to navigate through Cisco IOS Software: editing commands, keyboard shortcuts, and help commands
Part II: LAN Switching Technologies
Chapter 6, “Configuring a Switch”—Commands to configure Catalyst 2960 switches: names, passwords, IP addresses, default gateways, port speed and duplex, configuring static MAC addresses
Chapter 7, “VLANs”—Configuring static VLANs, troubleshooting VLANs, saving and deleting VLAN information, Voice VLAN configuration with and without trust
Chapter 8, “VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Communication”—Configuring a VLAN trunk link, configuring VTP, verifying VTP, inter-VLAN communication, router-on-a-stick, subinterfaces, and SVIs
Chapter 9, “Spanning Tree Protocol”—Verifying STP, setting switch priorities, working with the STP Toolkit, enabling Rapid Spanning Tree
Chapter 10, “EtherChannel”—Creating and verifying Layer 2 and Layer 3 EtherChannel groups between switches
Part III: Routing Technologies: IPv4 and IPv6
Chapter 11, “Configuring a Cisco Router”—Commands needed to configure a single router: names, passwords, configuring interfaces, MOTD and login banners, IP host tables, saving and erasing your configurations
Chapter 12, “Static Routing”—Configuring IPv4 and IPv6 static routes in your internetwork
Chapter 13, “RIP Next Generation (RIPng)”—Implementing, verifying, and troubleshooting RIPng
Chapter 14, “EIGRP and EIGRPv6”—Configuring and verifying EIGRP and EIGRPv6
Chapter 15, “OSPFv2 and OSPFv3”—Configuring and verifying OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 in both single-area and multiarea networks
Part IV: WAN Technologies
Chapter 16, “Understanding Point-to-Point Protocols”—Configuring PPP, authenticating PPP using CHAP, compressing in PPP, Multilink PPP, troubleshooting PPP, returning to HDLC encapsulation, configuring a DSL connection using PPPoE
Chapter 17, “External Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP)”—Configuring and verifying eBGP, multihop
Chapter 18, “Configuring Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnels”—Configuring and verifying GRE tunnels
Chapter 19, “Quality of Service (QoS)”—Configuring and verifying basic QoS, configuring and verifying auto-QoS
Part V: Infrastructure Services
Chapter 20, “DHCP”—Configuring and verifying DHCP on a Cisco IOS router, using Cisco IP phones with a DHCP server
Chapter 21, “First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP): Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)”—Configuring and verifying Hot Standby Routing Protocol (HSRP) on a Cisco device
Chapter 22, “Network Address Translation (NAT)”—Configuring and verifying NAT and PAT
Part VI: Infrastructure Security
Chapter 23, “Switch Port Security”—Setting passwords on a switch, switch port security, sticky MAC addresses
Chapter 24, “Managing Traffic Using Access Control Lists (ACL)”—Configuring standard ACLs, wildcard masking, creating extended ACLs, creating named ACLs, using sequence numbers in named ACLs, verifying and troubleshooting ACLs, IPv6 ACLs
Chapter 25, “Device Hardening”—Configuring and encrypting passwords, configuring and verifying SSH, restricting virtual terminal access, disabling unused services
Part VII: Infrastructure Management
Chapter 26, “Backing Up and Restoring Cisco IOS Software and Configurations”—Boot commands for Cisco IOS Software, backing up and restoring Cisco IOS Software using TFTP, Xmodem, and ROMmon environmental variables, Secure Copy
Chapter 27, “Password-Recovery Procedures and the Configuration Register”—The configuration register, password recovery procedure for routers and switches
Chapter 28, “Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)”—Customizing and verifying CDP, configuring and verifying LLDP
Chapter 29, “IOS Tools”—Commands for both ping and extended ping, the traceroute command
Chapter 30, “Device Monitoring”—Configuring SNMP, working with syslog, severity levels, configuring NetFlow, Network Time Protocol (NTP), using the clock and time stamps
Chapter 31, “Cisco IOS Licensing”—Differences between licensing pre- and post-Cisco IOS Version 15, installing permanent and evaluation licenses, backing up and uninstalling licenses, Cisco Smart Software Manager
Chapter 32, “Basic Troubleshooting”—Various show commands used to view the routing table, interpreting the show interface command, verifying your IP settings using different operating systems
Part VIII: Appendixes
Appendix A, “Binary/Hex/Decimal Chart”—A chart showing numbers 0 through 255 in the three numbering systems of binary, hexadecimal, and decimal
Appendix B, “Create Your Own Journal Here”—Some blank pages for you to add in your own specific commands that might not be in this book
Did I Miss Anything?
I am always interested to hear how my students, and now readers of my books, do on both certification exams and future studies. If you would like to contact me and let me know how this book helped you in your certification goals, please do so. Did I miss anything? Let me know. Contact me at [email protected] or through the Cisco Press website, http://www.ciscopress.com.