41
chapter ve
Full study
5.1 Introduction
This chapter documents the data analysis process and the results of the
full-scale study to determine if a correlation exists between mechanis-
tic and organic cultures and the level of trust found in technology-based
organizations. The data collection process extended over a one-year
period and is consistent with the process used during the pilot study,
taking into consideration the lessons learned from that study. A total of
608 data points were collected and used in the study. Each participating
organization having a representative sample was included in a separate
organizational analysis that is discussed later in the chapter. Data were
collected using the culture and trust survey instruments tested during
the pilot study, the Likert Prole of Organizational Characteristics (POC)
and the Organizational Trust Index (OTI). A demographic section was
also used to collect pertinent demographic information needed to further
characterize and validate the data.
5.2 Description of data analysis methods
The data analysis process consisted of basic statistical methods. These
methods were used to evaluate the applicable hypotheses. The statistical
methods included the Anderson Darling Normality Test, the Wilcoxon
Sign Test, sample means comparison, and correlation analysis, probabil-
ity analysis, Tukey’s Range Test, and survey reliability analysis. These
methods were used to compare and determine the relationship between
variables, to describe the central tendency for the dataset, express the
frequency of occurrence of an event, determine repeatability of measure-
ment, and correlation of the data.
5.3 Data characteristics
The population gender data consisted predominately of male respon-
dents (65.1%) and the predominant average age group of the sample
population was between 46 and 55 (31.3%). Most of the sample consisted
of government contract workers (47%) versus government (26.4%) and
private industry (26.7%). Government contract workers are dened as
42 Culture and trust in technology-driven organizations
workers who are employed by an organization that is under contract
with the government to work on projects administered by the govern-
ment. A detailed analysis of pertinent demographic data is discussed
later in this section. A summary of the data collected can be found in
Tables5.1 to 5.6.
Table5.1 Ethnic Background
Ethnicity Number % Population
African American 146 24.0
Caucasian 422 69.3
Hispanic 9 1.5
American Indian 4 0.7
Asian 4 0.7
Other 5 0.8
No response 18 3.0
Table5.2 Organization Tenure (Years)
Tenure Number % Population
<1 year 32 5.3
1 to <5 108 17.8
5 to <10 80 13.2
10 to <15 61 10.0
15 to <20 143 23.5
20 to <30 120 19.7
30 or more 14 2.3
No response 50 8.2
Table5.3 Age
Age Number % Population
<25 45 7.4
25 to 35 98 16.1
36 to 45 151 24.8
46 to 55 190 31.3
55+ 65 10.7
No response 59 9.7
43Chapter ve: Full study
5.4 Participating organizations
The organizations that participated in the study depend greatly upon
their knowledge of and advances in technology to compete and perform
work in their respective markets, and to serve their customers’ needs and
expectations successfully. Data were collected from a total of 17 organi-
zations. However, only 10 of the organizations represented by the study
are included in the organizational analysis due to small sample sizes for
seven of the organizations. Three of the organizations that were included
in the organizational analysis were from the private sector, four of the
organizations were governmental agencies, and three were government
contracting organizations.
A total of 608 data points was collected. Forty-seven data points
were not included in the organizational analysis because the sample
sizes from the organizations represented were small (less than 10). Only
those organizations with enough data points presumed to be representa-
tive of the organization based upon random distribution of surveys were
included in the organizational analysis. The 47 data points not included
in the organizational analyses were also collected from government,
government contract, or private industries. These data points were
included in the aggregate data analysis. The organizations participating
in the study are referred to as organizations D to M. Each organization
is discussed briey in Table5.7. The complete demographic data for each
Table5.4 Organization Type
Org. Type Number % Population
Government 160 26.4
Government Contractor 286 47.0
Private Industry 162 26.6
Table5.5 Position in Organization
Position Number % Population
Management 110 18.1
Nonmanagement 465 76.5
No response 33 5.4
Table5.6 Gender
Gender Number % Population
Male 396 65.1
Female 206 33.9
No response 6 1.0
44 Culture and trust in technology-driven organizations
of the organizations that participated in the full study are shown in the
appendix.
5.4.1 Organization D
Organization D provides support to a diverse segment of customers
that include government as well as nongovernment clients in the area of
communication and intelligence technologies. Survey instruments were
completed primarily by employees from four groups resulting in a total of
70 completed surveys. The size of each group varied due to the nature of
the work performed. Employees working in this organization are accus-
tomed to complying with a variety of rules and procedures.
5.4.2 Organization E
Organization E plays an important role in the research community and
in providing technological advancements for a diverse customer base.
This organization employs a large number of engineers and scientists
who engage in a large variety of projects using cutting-edge technologies.
Data were collected primarily from one group resulting in 15 completed
surveys. The sample collected from this organization is considered to be
relatively small when compared to the actual size of the organization.
5.4.3 Organization F
Organization F provides a variety of support and technological services in
various technology development and research initiatives. In many cases,
Table5.7 Sample Collected by Organization Data
Organization
No. samples
collected Organization type
Size of
organization
D 70 Government >1,000
E 15 Government contractor <1,000
F 257 Government contractor >1,000
G 35 Government >1,000
H 23 Private >1,000
I 15 Government >1,000
J 85 Private 100–250
K 15 Private >1,000
L 11 Government contractor >1,000
M 35 Government <100
Misc. 47 Government, government
contractor, private
NA
45Chapter ve: Full study
the service provided involves the use and development of cutting-edge
technologies and processes. Data were collected primarily from employ-
ees of ve groups resulting in a total of 257 completed surveys.
5.4.4 Organization G
Organization G provides services to a wide range of clients. This organi-
zation depends greatly on advances in science and technology in order
to provide quality services to a diverse client base. Survey instruments
were completed primarily by employees from three groups resulting
in a total of 35 completed surveys. The groups surveyed consisted pri-
marily of engineers and technicians. The average size of each group in
the organization varied depending on the group’s specic mission or
function.
5.4.5 Organization H
Organization H is a large privately owned organization with employees
located in multiple locations throughout the southern United States. This
organization provides services to a large diverse customer base. Some of
the employees in this organization at times do not feel connected to the
organization and top management due to the distance between the group
and the corporate ofce. The average size of the work groups within
Organization H was 20 to 45 employees. Data were collected primarily
from employees from one work group resulting in a total of 23 completed
surveys.
5.4.6 Organization I
Organization I is a government owned and operated entity that utilizes a
highly skilled technical workforce to ensure the goals of the organization
are successfully achieved. The workforce consists primarily of engineers
and scientists who are specialists in their respective elds. Data were
collected from employees from one work group resulting in a total of 15
completed surveys representing approximately 50% of the workgroup.
The sample collected from this organization is considered to be relatively
small when compared to the actual size of the organization.
5.4.7 Organization J
Organization J is a privately owned company located in the southern area
of the United States. This company is dedicated to producing and provid-
ing specialized products to a large customer base. Most of the manage-
ment team members are technically skilled and in some cases had little
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