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Designing Gestural Interfaces
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Designing Gestural Interfaces
by Dan Saffer
Designing Gestural Interfaces
Designing Gestural Interfaces
Dedication
Preface
WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
HOW TO CONTACT US
SAFARI® BOOKS ONLINE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1. Introducing Interactive Gestures
TAP IS THE NEW CLICK
DIRECT VERSUS INDIRECT MANIPULATION
A BRIEF HISTORY OF GESTURAL INTERFACES
THE MECHANICS OF TOUCHSCREENS AND GESTURAL CONTROLLERS
DESIGNING INTERACTIVE GESTURES: THE BASICS
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GESTURAL INTERFACES
THE ATTRIBUTES OF GESTURES
INTERFACE CONVENTIONS
STATES AND MODES
DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATE GESTURE
USING PEOPLE TO DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE GESTURE
MATCHING THE GESTURE TO THE BEHAVIOR
FOR FURTHER READING
2. Designing for the Human Body
BASIC KINESIOLOGY
MUSCLES
JOINTS
MOTIONS
THE ERGONOMICS OF INTERACTIVE GESTURES
HUMAN FACTORS
THE ERGONOMICS OF MOTION
FINGERS AND HANDS
SCREEN COVERAGE
DESIGNING TOUCH TARGETS
ACCESSIBILITY
FOR FURTHER READING
3. Patterns for Touchscreens and Interactive Surfaces
HOW TO USE PATTERNS
TAP TO OPEN/ACTIVATE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
TAP TO SELECT
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
DRAG TO MOVE OBJECT
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
SLIDE TO SCROLL
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
SPIN TO SCROLL
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
SLIDE AND HOLD FOR CONTINUOUS SCROLL
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
FLICK TO NUDGE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
FLING TO SCROLL
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
TAP TO STOP
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
PINCH TO SHRINK AND SPREAD TO ENLARGE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
TWO FINGERS TO SCROLL
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
GHOST FINGERS
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
4. Patterns for Free-Form Interactive Gestures
PROXIMITY ACTIVATES/DEACTIVATES
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
MOVE BODY TO ACTIVATE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
POINT TO SELECT/ACTIVATE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
WAVE TO ACTIVATE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
PLACE HANDS INSIDE TO ACTIVATE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
ROTATE TO CHANGE STATE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
STEP TO ACTIVATE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
SHAKE TO CHANGE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
TILT TO MOVE
WHAT
USE WHEN
WHY
HOW
EXAMPLES
5. Documenting Interactive Gestures
WHY DOCUMENT ANYTHING?
EXISTING MOVEMENT NOTATION SYSTEMS
LABANOTATION
BENESH MOVEMENT NOTATION
ESHKOL WACHMAN MOVEMENT NOTATION
HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION
DOCUMENTING GESTURES IN INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS
SCENARIOS
USE CASES
TASK ANALYSIS AND FLOWS
WIREFRAMES
ANNOTATIONS
KEYFRAMES
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
GESTURAL MODULES DOCUMENT
STORYBOARDING
SWIM LANES
ANIMATIONS
MOVIES
INTEGRATING NONTRADITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
FOR FURTHER READING
6. Prototyping Interactive Gestures
FAKING IT: LOW-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES
PAPER PROTOTYPES
ROUGH MODELS: OBJECTS AND ENVIRONMENTS
"THE MAN BEHIND THE CURTAIN"
HIGH-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES
THE THREE TYPES OF HIGH-FIDELITY PROTOTYPES
EXACT PROTOTYPES
OTS PROTOTYPES
DIY PROTOTYPES
MATCHING SENSORS TO ACTIONS
TESTING PROTOTYPES
PROTOTYPING RESOURCES
TOUCHSCREEN RESOURCES
PHYSICAL COMPUTING RESOURCES
FOR FURTHER READING
7. Communicating Interactive Gestures
THREE ZONES OF ENGAGEMENT
ATTRACTION AFFORDANCE, OR HOW I LEARNED TO STOP WORRYING AND LOVE THE GESTURE
METHODS OF COMMUNICATING INTERACTIVE GESTURES
WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS
ILLUSTRATION
DEMONSTRATION
USE OF SYMBOLS
SIMILE AND METAPHOR
FOR FURTHER READING
8. THE FUTURE OF INTERACTIVE GESTURES
FUTURE TRENDS
WIDESPREAD ADOPTION IN THE HOME AND OFFICE
SUPPLANTING THE DESKTOP METAPHOR?
SPECIALIZED APPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS
NEW INPUT DEVICES
CONVERGENCE WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
VOICE RECOGNITION
VIRTUAL REALITY
UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION AND NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION
GESTURING WITH SMART OBJECTS
OPTIMIZED FOR TOUCH
BETTER TOOLS FOR CREATION
ROBOTS AND COBOTS
GESTURES AS A DESIGN TOOL
TOWARD STANDARDS
PATENTS
THE ETHICS OF GESTURES
FOR FURTHER READING
A. A Palette of Human Gestures and Movements
GESTURES FOR TOUCHSCREENS
TAP
TAP
DRAG/Slide
FLICK ("FLING")
NUDGE
PINCH
SPREAD
HOLD
GESTURES FOR FREE-FORM SYSTEMS
HEAD
HEAD COCKED
Possible uses.
TILT UP/DOWN
Possible uses.
TURN LEFT/RIGHT
Possible uses.
NOD YES
Possible uses.
SHAKE NO
Possible uses.
TORSO
STANDING
Possible uses.
SITTING
Possible uses.
LAYING DOWN
Possible uses.
RECLINING
Possible use.
TWIST LEFT/RIGHT
Possible uses.
LEAN LEFT/RIGHT
Possible uses.
BOW
Possible uses.
HANDS ON HIPS
Possible uses.
ON ALL FOURS
Possible uses.
LEGS
LIFT STRAIGHT
Possible uses.
KNEE COCKED
Possible use.
KNEELING
Possible use.
ON ONE KNEE
Possible use.
ON ONE LEG
Possible uses.
JUMP/HOP
Possible uses.
CROUCH
Possible use.
LUNGE
Possible uses.
LIFT TO SIDE
Possible uses.
LEG ANGLED OUT
Possible uses.
LEGS/ANKLES CROSSED
Possible use.
FEET
FLAT FOOT/STOMP
Possible uses.
ANGLED UP
Possible use.
TIPTOE/TOE TAP
Possible uses.
HEEL TO TOE OR BALL/TOE OR BALL TO HEEL
Possible uses.
TURNED IN/OUT
Possible uses.
ARMS
ARM(S) DOWN
Possible uses.
ARM(S) UP
Possible uses.
ARMS FOLDED
Possible use.
ARM(S) IN FRONT
Possible uses.
SHRUG
Possible uses.
ARM(S) OUT TO THE SIDE
Possible uses.
UPPER ARM DOWN, FOREARM OUT/UP
Possible uses.
FOREARM SIDE
Possible uses.
"THE WAVE"
Possible use.
FACE
SMILE
Possible use.
FROWN
Possible uses.
STARE
Possible uses.
STICKING OUT TONGUE
Possible uses.
WINK
Possible use.
RAISED EYEBROW(S)
Possible uses.
EYES LEFT/RIGHT AND UP/DOWN
Possible uses.
SQUINT
Possible uses.
SPIT
Possible use.
YAWN
Possible uses.
ROLLING EYES
Possible uses.
NOSE WRINKLE
Possible use.
HANDS
POINT
Possible uses.
WAVE
Possible uses.
CLAP/APPLAUSE
Possible uses.
OKAY
Possible uses.
THUMBS UP/DOWN
Possible uses.
SNAP
Possible uses.
FIST
Possible uses.
SHH
Possible uses.
COME HERE
Possible use.
SHOO
Possible uses.
PUSH
Possible uses.
PULL
Possible use.
FINGERS CROSSED
Possible uses.
STOP
Possible uses.
SLAP
Possible uses.
PALM UP/DOWN
Possible uses.
PINCH
Possible uses.
CUP PALM
Possible uses.
BLOWN KISS
Possible uses.
TIP OF THE HAT
Possible use.
SALUTE
Possible use.
FINGER WAG
Possible uses.
THUMBING NOSE
Possible use.
BEARD STROKE
Possible uses.
FINGER DRUM
Possible uses.
KARATE CHOP
Possible uses.
PUNCH
Possible uses.
PRAY
Possible uses.
"THIS TALL"
Possible uses.
HAND RUB
Possible use.
MONEY RUB
Possible use.
NOSE TAP
Possible uses.
#1
Possible uses.
HEAD SCRATCH
Possible use.
SHOCKING
Possible use.
SPYGLASSES
Possible uses.
BLAH, BLAH, BLAH
Possible use.
CALL ME
Possible uses.
CHECK, PLEASE
Possible uses.
HEAR/SEE/SPEAK NO EVIL
Possible uses.
HOT
Possible uses.
SAY WHAT?
Possible uses.
STIR
Possible uses.
SQUEEZE
Possible use.
FLICK
Possible use.
FINGERS SPLAYED
Possible uses.
CROOK FINGER
Possible uses.
FINGERTIPS TOUCHING
Possible uses.
HANDS FOLDED
Possible uses.
DOORKNOB TURN
Possible uses.
HOLE IN HAND
Possible uses.
HANDGUN
Possible uses.
FOR FURTHER READING
Index
About the Author
Colophon
Copyright
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Dedication
Designing Gestural Interfaces
Dan Saffer
Published by
O’Reilly Media
Beijing ⋅ Cambridge ⋅ Farnham ⋅ Köln ⋅ Sebastopol ⋅ Tokyo
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