Index

χ2-distribution

Abdera

acceleration

acceleration due to gravity

accuracy

ad hoc modification

Aegean Sea

Alexander the Great

aliasing

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Anaximander

Anaximenes

Andersson, Malte

Aristarchus

Aristotle

art of discovery

axioms

background factor

back-of-an-envelope calculation

bacteriophage

Bartholin, Erasmus

bias

black box testing

blinded study

block variable

blood circulation

Box, George

Box–Behnken design

Brahe, Tycho

Brewster, David

categorical factors

causation

cause-and-effect table

Cavendish experiment

center point

centering

central composite design

central limit effect

central limit theorem

central tendency

Challenger Space Shuttle

Chartier, Clément

Chase, Martha

checklists

chlorophyll

coded values

collinearity

combustion

comparing two samples

confidence intervals

confidence level

confounding

determining pattern

continental drift

continuous factors

control chart

control group

controlled experiments

Copernicus, Nicolaus

Copernican system

correlation

creativity

crossover experiment

cumulative distribution function

cumulative probability

da Vinci, Leonardo

Darwin, Charles

data analysis

graphical analysis

information from data

mathematical analysis

data collection

measurement system analysis

measurement system development

measurement uncertainty

planning

understanding

data mining

data presentation

De Nova Stella

deduction

defining relation

degrees of freedom

Democritus

density function

dependent samples

descriptive statistics

designing experiments see experimental design

Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences

diesel engines

discovery, art of

DNA

double blind study

Drake, Stillman

dummy variables

effects of the factors

Einstein, Albert

electricity

electromagnetic theory

electromagnetic spectrum

electromagnetism

electrons

engineering

epidemiology

error

error propagation analysis

evolution

expectation

experimental design

continuous factors

design resolution

determining confounding pattern

factor screening

importance of interactions

one categorical factor designs

screening designs

several categorical factor designs

statistics and the scientific method

experimental method

experimental treatment

experiments

assessment

nature of

questions and answers

explanatory theories

external noise

F-distribution

factor screening

factors

falsificationism

Faraday, Michael

FDIST worksheet function

Feynman, Richard 71,

fractional factorial designs

free fall

frequency distribution

full factorial design

Galen

Galilei, Galileo

Gauss, Carl Friedrich

Gaussian distribution

general knowledge

generalizations

genes

graphical analysis of data

gravity

Great Scientific Revolution

Greek civilization

Greenfield, Tony

guesstimates

Hadamard matrices

half factorial design

Halley, Edmond

Harvey, William

heart

helium atoms

heritability of characteristics

Hershey, Alfred

histogram

Hubble, Edwin

Huygens, Christiaan

hydrogen atoms

hypothesis

hypothesis-driven study

hypothesis-generating tools

hypothesis testing

hypothetico-deductive method

inclined plane

independent samples

independent variables

inductive method

input–output diagram

interaction effect

internal noise

Ishikawa diagram

Kelvin, Lord

Kepler, Johannes

Koyré, Alexandre

Kuhn, Thomas

Lavoisier, Antoine

Laws of Nature

Leaning Tower of Pisa

lift-off length

linear combination

LINEST worksheet function

logic

magnetism

main effects

Maslow, Abraham

mathematical analysis of data

mathematical law

Maxwell, James Clerk

mean

measurement system analysis

measurement uncertainty

measures of central tendency

mechanics, Newtonian

mechanics, quantum

median

Mendel, Gregor

Mersenne, Marin

Middle Ages

Miletus

Millikan, Robert

mindset

MMULT worksheet function

modal bin

multi-objective optimization

multiple linear regression model

multivariate data analysis

Musculinus, Mark

music and mathematics

Mysterium Cosmographicum

naive inductivism

nature of science

confirmation, role of

consequences of falsificaction

hypothetico-deductive method

inductive method

perception is personal

scientific approach

scientific community

Newton, Isaac

Newton’s laws of motion

Nobel Prize

noise

normal distribution

normal plot

normal probability plots

normal probability scale

normal score

NORMDIST worksheet function

NORMSDIST worksheet function

NORMSINV worksheet function

null hypothesis

observation

observation statements

observational studies

Occam’s razor

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

one categorical factor experimental designs

one-sided tests

optics

optimization

orthogonality

check

outliers

oxygen

p-values

palcebo

papers, writing

parsimony

passive observation

Pearson’s correlation coefficient

peer review process

pendulum

perception

periodic table of the elements

Ph.D. studies, undertaking

novel research

Ph.D. thesis, writing

phenomenological theories

philosophy of science

phlogiston

photosynthesis

physics

Pisa

placebo

Plackett–Burman designs

Planck, Max

planning research

checklists

hypothesis-generating tools

scope

thought experiments

three phases

plant breeding

plate tectonics

Plato

PLOTMATRIX worksheet function

polarization

pooled estimate of the variance

Popper, Karl

population standard deviation

populations

power analysis

precision

precision improvement

prediction

Priestly, Joseph

Principia

probability density functions

probability distribution

probability points for t-distribution

process diagram

Ptolemy

Pythagoras

Pythagorean cosmology

Pythagorean solids

Pythagorean theorem

quantum mechanics

quarter factorial design

QUARTILE worksheet function

quartiles

R2 value

RAND worksheet function

RANDBETWEEN worksheet function

random error

random sampling

randomization

range

Rayleigh scattering

relative accuracy

religion

research areas

research characteristics of

research questions

research studies

residuals

resolution of a design

response surface

response surface designs

response variables

rotable design

Russell, Bertrand

Rutherford, Ernest

Samos

sample standard deviation

samples

scalars

scatter plot matrix

scientific approach

scientific community

scientific method

scientific papers, writing

scope

screening

screening designs

Semmelweis, Ignaz

Settle, Thomas

several categorical factor designs

sexual selection

significance

significance level

skewed distribution

skills

spacetime

specific knowledge

stability check

standard deviation

standard error of the mean

standard normal distribution

standard normal probabilities

statistically significant result

statistics

central limit effect

confidence intervals

data analysis

descriptive statistics

normal probability plots

populations and samples

probability distribution

t-distribution

statistics for experiments

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

comparing two samples

correlation

interpreting p-values

measurement system analysis

one-sided and two-sided tests

other hypothesis tests

power of a test

randomization

regression modeling

t-test for one sample

STDEV worksheet function

Stokes’ law

straight line equation

sum of squares

systematic error

t-distribution

probability points

t-test

one-sample

paired

two-sample

TDIST worksheet function

testability

Thales of Miletus

theoretical concepts

theory and reality

theory building

theory-dependent observation

thermodynamics

thesis writing

Thomson, J.J.

thought experiment

three phases of research

three-factor half factorial design

TINV worksheet function

trends in data

two-level factorial design

two-sided tests

type I error

type II error

unbiased estimate

unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions

uncertainty

uniform acceleration

unpolarized light

variance

variation

vectors

Waring blender experiment

Wegener, Alfred

why-analysis

widowbird sexual selection

writing Ph.D. thesis

writing scientific papers

Yates order

Zola, Émile