Index
Symbols
– operator, 50
!= statement, 195
|| operator, 218
++ operator, 59
= operator, 14–15
== statement, 194
! prefix, 218
&& operator, 217–218
* operator, 53
% modulo operator
Numbers
1049 error, 417
1084 error, 46
A
accepting values in functions, 39–43
access
to methods from outside classes, 153
to objects. See access to objects
passwords granting. See passwords
private statement restricting, 161–162
to values of properties, 164
access to objects
introduction to, 3
sending messages to output panel, 8–11
on Stage, 5–7
summary of, 19
Actions panel
accepting values in functions, 39–42
code completion assistance in, 153
creating new objects in, 25–26
disabled, 135
display stacks in, 29–30
dynamically adding objects to Stage, 26
graphics without timelines vs., 302
in mouse event handler creation, 71
parameters of objects in, 15–16
in timeline scripting with mouse events, 86
writing ActionScript using, introduction to, 9–11
ActionScript overview. See also specific topics
accessing and manipulating objects, 3
Actions panel, 9–10
ActionScript 3.0, defined, xvi
of advanced Boolean logic, 215
of animation, 333
of building out classes, 141
of classes, generally, 131
of classes in streamlined interfaces, 157
of conditionals, 191
converting objects to MovieClips for, 5–7
of desktop applications, 393
of drawing, 301
dynamically adding objects from Library, 21
of event creation, 67
of external media, 369
of frame events, 99
of functions, 35
of groups of objects, 257
instance names in, 7
interactivity for items on Stage, 3
introduction to, xiii
of keyboards, working with, 227
of mathematical operators, 49
methodology for learning, xiv
of mobile applications, 427
MovieClip properties, 14–19
new project for, 4–10
of organizing classes, 175
Output panel, 10
prerequisites for using, xiii–xvi
of random numbers, 215
of repeating actions, 257
setup, 119–121
summary of, xv
of text, working with, 227
of timeline scripting with mouse events, 79
of timer events, 99
versions of, 4
addChild statement, 29–30
addition operator, 50–52
Adobe AIR 2.6, defined. See also Adobe AIR for desktop applications; Adobe AIR for mobile applications, xvi
Adobe AIR 2.7, defined, 438
Adobe AIR for desktop applications
certificates in, 420–422
close method in, 404–406
configuring projects in, generally, 419
drag API in, 401–403
events in, generally, 397
icons in, 419–420
installing applications in, 422–424
introduction to, 393–394
maximize control in, 398–401
minimize control in, 397–398
publishing projects in, 422
resizable layouts in, 411–418
resizing windows in, 406–410
as runtime. See AIR runtime
starting projects in, 394–396
summary of, 425
Adobe AIR for mobile applications
Android applications, creating first, 431–434
debugging, on Android, 458–459
debugging, on iOS, 460–462
debugging, over USB generally, 458
dragging with touch in, 442–444
gesture events, generally, 450
interactions for devices, generally, 439
introduction to, 427
iOS applications, creating first, 434–438
long press events in, 445–449
optimizing content, 463–464
pinch to zoom gestures, 450–455
projects, creating new, 431–438
projects, setup for, 428–430
rotate gestures in, 455–457
as runtime. See AIR runtime
summary of, 465
tap interactions in, 439–442
testing devices in, 429–430
touch interactions in, 439–442
Adobe Flash Builder 4.5, xvii
Adobe Flash Catalyst CS5.5, xvii
Adobe Flash Platform
Adobe Flash Builder 4.5 for working with, xvii
Adobe Flash Catalyst CS5.5, xvii
Adobe Flex 4.5 for working with, xvii
AIR for mobile applications on, 427
defined, xvi
resources for publishing AIR applications on, 423
runtime of. See Flash runtime
tools of, xvi
Adobe Flash Player
defined, xvi
object parameters in, 16
Times New Roman font in, 231
trace statements not appearing in, 10
visible property in, 18
Adobe Flex 4.5, xvii
advanced Boolean logic. See Boolean logic, advanced
AIR runtime. See also Adobe AIR for desktop applications; Adobe AIR for mobile applications
of AIR 2.7, 438
creating desktop applications with, generally, 393, 425
creating mobile applications with, generally, 427, 465
introduction to, xvi
iOS vs. Android in, 428
align property, 406
alpha property
of fills, 320
in starfield project, 352–354, 365
of strokes, 308
analog clock appearance, 114–115
AND operator, 217–218
Android 3.x (Honeycomb), 427
Android Package files (.APK), 428
Android platform
applications for, generally, 428
creating first application for, 431–434
debugging on, 458–459
Flipr game on. See Flipr game project
introduction to, 427
testing applications for, 504–505
touch interactions in, generally, 439
website publishing Air for, 503
animation
adding more visual elements to, 358–361
brightness adjustments for, 352–355
fluidity of, 355–358
intervals for, 355–358
introduction to, 333
location on screen and rate of change in, 348–351
location + time as, generally, 334–335
of multiple objects with loops, 343–348
random, 338–342
rate of change of, 348–351, 355–358
scaling size of visual elements in, 361–365
summary of, 366
APIs (application programming interfaces)
drag, 401–403
for dragging windows in AIR, 401–403
FLVPlayback, 376–382
for graphics. See graphics API (application programming interface)
for mobile applications in AIR, 439
.APK files (for Android Packages), 428
Apple Devices Application files (.IPA), 428
Apple Mac OS X
AIR applications for, 424
Applications folder in, 420
desktop applications for, 394
Snow Leopard, 504
Apple mobile devices
introduction to, 427–429
resolution for, 434
testing applications on, 506
application programming interfaces (APIs). See APIs (application programming interfaces)
arithmetic functions. See mathematical operators
arrays
animation in, 342–345
creating groups of items with, generally, 265–266
creating with loops, 269–273
defined, 257
for game board creation, 489
introduction to, 257
looping through, 274–276
loops for, 258
modifying, 266–269
removing items from, 268–269
summary of, 277
values of Flipr tiles in, 489
arrow keys, 251–253
artwork in projects. See drawing
assignment operator
assigning new objects to named objects with, 33
defined, 14
on Output panel, 55
audio, 373–375
authortime, 21
auto-generated imports, 121
B
Basic Latin character range, 235
beginFill method, 318–320
beginGradientFill method, 321
Bondini font, 472
Boolean conditional tests, 258
Boolean logic, advanced. See also Boolean variables
complex conditionals, building, 219–220
introduction to, 215
logic operators, using, 216–218
NOT operator, 218
AND operator, 217–218
OR operator, 218
random numbers, generating, 221–224
summary of, 225
Boolean variables. See also Boolean logic, advanced
adding feedback, 200–201
defined, 18
drag and drop for mouse, 198–200
equality, demonstrating, 196–198
equality, testing for, 194
inequality, demonstrating, 196–198
inequality, testing for, 195–196
introduction to, 192–193
break statement, 261–262
brightness adjustments, 352–355
Brimelow, Lee, 508
broadcast-listener relationships. See also event listeners, 68
building out classes. See classes
buttons
for AIR desktop applications, 395–396
close windows, 404–406
drag windows, 401–403
event callback objects for, 87–88
graphics API and, 374, 380, 396
hoverButton, 87–94
internal timeline for special effects of, 85–86
labels for, 382–384
layer of Stage, 97
layout of, 411–418
maximize, 398–401
minimize, 397–398
object type, 22
padding around, 413
resize windows, 406–410
start, 123
toggle, 382–384
video playback, 382–384
x and y coordinates of, 412–413
C
Cache as Bitmap object setting, 475
cacheAsBitmap property, 463
callback functions
_endSplash, 480
circleClick, 71–73
e event callback objects, 89–95
endTouch, 449
hoverButton, 87–94
introduction to, 69
keyboardEvent handler and, 246–249
in minimize window controls, 398
playVideo, 381–382
seeking to specific frames with, 83–84
simple, 96
for starting timers, 124–125
stopping playback with, 83–84
for timer events, 125–126
TimerEvent.TIMER for, 336–338
for touch interactions in mobile applications, 444
camel case, 7
capitalization, 10
Captivate, 429
ceil method, 224
cell-based animation, 334
cell phones, 429–430
centering objects, 451–452
Certificate field, 434–435
Certificate Signature Settings window, 420
Certificate Signing Requests, 509
certificates
code-signing, 422–423
Development, 510–511
character codes, 250–251
characters in fonts, 234–235
Charge Only mode, 505
chrome
for desktop events, generally, 397
dragging windows with, 401
introduction to, 395–396
native vs. custom, 425
circleClick callback function, 71–73
circles, 318
circular geometry, 325
class-based scripts, defined, 8
class constructors. See also classes
button label customizing with, 146–147
class instance creation using, 144–145
introduction to, 143
multiple properties, customizing with, 148–149
parameters of, adding, 146–149
parameters of, generally, 146
parameters of, making optional, 150–151
classes
building out, generally, 141, 154
constructor parameters in, generally, 146
constructors of, generally, 143
containers for, 133
creating, 134–137
customizing button labels with, 146–147
customizing multiple properties with, 146–147
definition warning, 24
Document. See Document class
extending functionality of, 305–307
finding definitions for, 137
flash.text.TextField, 229
flash.text.TextFormat, 231
fl.video class package, 378
GameBoard, 482–488
getter methods in, creating, 165–166
getter methods in, generally, 164
getter methods in, using, 166–168
instances of, creating, 144–145
introduction to, 131
Math, 221–224
methods in, accessing from outside classes, 153
methods in, creating generally, 152
optional constructor parameters in, 150–151
organizing, generally, 175, 187
overview of, 132
package folders of, creating, 176–180
packages for, changing source paths of, 183–186
packages for, creating nested, 182–183
packages for, referring to all classes in, 180–182
parts of, 142
politeness of, 164
private, best practices for naming, 163
private, generally, 161–162
properties of, customizing multiple, 148–149
public, best practices, 164
public, generally, 158–160
setter methods in, creating, 165–166
setter methods in, generally, 164
setter methods in, using, 166–168
Sprite, 302–307
in streamlining interfaces, generally, 157, 173
summary of, 138
TextFormat, 231–232
TouchGestures Document class, 450
variables in, generally, 133
VideoButton class, 382–384
clickedTile property, 500
_clickTile method, 499
close method, 404–406
close window control, 411–413
code-signing certificates, 422–423
color
hexadecimal numbers for, 231–232
of lines, 308
combined assignment operators, 55, 57
commenting out, 29
commercial code-signing certificates, 422–423
Compiler Errors panel, 43
complex conditionals, 219–220
complex logic patterns. See Boolean logic, advanced
complex vectors, 463
Components panel, 376
conditionals
adding feedback with, 200–201
for animation, 345–348
Boolean variables as, generally, 192–193
drag and drop with, 198–200
equality, demonstrating, 196–198
equality, testing for, 194
if statements, 204–206
if.else if statements, 209–212
if.else statements, 206–208
inequality, demonstrating, 196–198
inequality, testing for, 195–196
introduction to, 191
summary of, 213
testing conditions with, generally, 202–204
conditions, testing. See testing conditions
AIR application publication, 422
in array creation, 273
trace statement generating, 170
const statement, 413–417
constant values, 413–417
constructor parameters. See also class constructors
customizing button labels with, 146–147
customizing multiple properties with, 148–149
making optional, 150–151
constructors. See class constructors
containers
for objects, 470
variables as, 13
continue statement, 261–262
controls
close window, 404–406, 411–413
drag window, 401–403, 411, 413
Flipr main, 480–482
Flipr player, 494–500
location of buttons for window, 411–413
maximize window, 398–401, 411–412
minimize window, 397–398, 411, 418
native window, 395–397, 401, 409
resizable layout of window, 415–417
resize window, 406–410
values in window, 413–417
y coordinate of window, 412–413
Convert to Symbol dialog box, 5, 23
countdown clock project
ActionScript setup in, 119–121
auto-generated imports in, 121
display objects in, 122–123
event listeners for start buttons in, 123
Flash Professional, setup in, 117–118
kick-off meeting notes for, 116
solution and walkthrough of, 117–126
specifications for, 114
summary of, 127
timers, callback functions for events in, 125–126
timers, callback functions for starting, 124–125
timers, timer event listeners for, 124
visual design review of, 115
createGradientBox method, 324
currentCount property, 470
curves, 312–315
curveTo method, 312–317
D
data types, 40
debugging
on Android, 458–459
on iOS, 460–462
over USB, generally, 458
decimals, 221–225
decrement operators, 58
defaultTextFormat property, 233
defining variables, 159
degrees, 325
Dell mobile devices
applications for, generally, 428
testing applications with, 429, 505
Deployment Settings, for iOS, 434–435
desktop applications
AIR for, introduction to, 393–394
certificates for, 420–422
close method in, 404–406
configuring projects for, generally, 419
desktop events in, generally, 397
drag API in, 401–403
icons in, 419–420
installing, 422–424
maximize control in, 398–401
minimize control in, 397–398
publishing projects in, 422
resizable layouts in, 411–418
resizing windows in, 406–410
starting projects in, 394–396
summary of, 425
desktop events. See also desktop applications
close, 404–406
drag, 401–403
introduction to, 397
maximize, 398–401
minimize, 397–398
resizing windows in, 406–410
Developer Member Center of iOS, 507
Developer Program for iOS, 506
Development Certificates, 510–511
DiceOut game project
Document class overview, 284–288
Document class walkthrough, code for rolling dice, 292–295
Document class walkthrough, contents before constructor, 288–290
Document class walkthrough, ending game, 296
Document class walkthrough, event listeners, 290–292
Document class walkthrough, scores, 296
introduction to, 279
kick-off meeting notes on, 283
solution and walkthrough, generally, 284
specifications for, 280
summary of, 297
visual design review of, 281–282
display objects, 122–123
Display section of Properties panel, 463
display stacks
defined, 25
instances in, assigning properties to, 30
objects in, creating new, 25–28
objects in, dynamically adding to Stage, 29–30
_displayInstructions method, 481
displayState property, 401
displayTile method, 498
division operator, 53–54
do loop, 264
Document class
for AIR desktop applications, starting, 396
for animation. See animation
arrays in, 265
creating, 169–171
in DiceOut game project, overview, 284–288
in DiceOut game project, walkthrough, 288–296
in Flipr game project, 475–478
for loop for, 259
in game board creation, 488–489
initialization methods in, 171–172
for iOS applications, 440–449
for minimize control, 397
nested packages for, 182–183
newGame method in, 494–496
packages for, creating, 176–180
packages for, referring to all classes in, 180–182
for pausing video, 382–383
PlayAudio project and, 373–375
for playing video from Web, 377–378
ProLoader class and, 370–372
RandomNumber, 221–224
for seeking in videos, 385–387
source path for, 183–186
sprites. See sprites
TextFields, creating, 228–230
TextFields, creating KeyboardEvent handler in, 246
TextFields, customizing style with, 231–237
TextFields, layout with, 238–245
TouchGestures, 450–456
for video playback alteration, 380–381
dot notation, 15
drag and drop
for desktop applications, 401–403
drag window control for, 411, 413
for mobile applications, 442–444, 447
testing for, 218
testing location of objects, 196–198
touch interactions for, 442–444
using mouse, 198–200
drawCircle method, 318
drawEllipse method, 318
drawing
circles, 318
code for, generally, 302
curves, 312–315
degrees in, 325
ellipses, 318
fills, 318–320
gradients, 321–326
introduction to, 301
lines, drawing, 307–312
loops and, 326–329
rectangles, 317
rounded rectangles, 317–318
shapes, first, 303–304
shapes, generally, 315–317
Sprite class, extending, 305–307
Sprite class, generally, 302–303
strokes for, 307–312
summary of, 330
drawRect method, 317
drawRoundRect method, 317
Droid, 429
drop and drag. See drag and drop
dropDrag method, 200
dynamic text labels, 146
dynamically adding objects to Stage
comments, creating, 31–32
display stacks, assigning properties to instances, 30
display stacks, creating new objects for, 25–28
display stacks, defined, 25
display stacks, working with, 29–30
introduction to, 21
named library assets in, 22–25
spaces for, 32
summary of, 31
dynamically created instances, 30
dynamically created instances, assigning properties to, 30
dynamically loading images, 370
E
editing-in-place, 85
ellipses, 318
embedded fonts, 234–237
embedded video, 376
emulators, 430
endFill method, 320
_endSplash callback method, 480
endTouch callback function, 449
ENTER_FRAME event, 104–107
errors
1049 error, 417
1084 error, 46
class definition warning, 24
required parameter, 42–43
type mismatch, 43
e.target, 92–94
event callback objects
finished example of, 92–94
introduction to, 87–88
using, 89–92
event handlers. See also interfaces
for desktop application buttons, 410
function definitions as, 96
for keyboard events, 246–253
for seeking to specific frames, 84
for sprites, 302
event listeners
in countdown clock project, 123
for dragging windows, 403
for Flipr main controls, 480–481
for Flipr score and timer displays, 493
introduction to, 69
in keyboardEvent handlers, 246–249
in MouseEvent handlers, 69–73
parentheses in, 71
removing, 106–107
for resizable layout of window controls, 415–417
for resizing windows, 408–410, 425
seeking to specific frames with, 83–84
simple callback functions in, 96
for splash screen timers, 479–480
for start buttons, 123
stopping playback using, 82–84
in timers, 124
for touch interactions in mobile applications, 444
event objects
in mobile applications, 470
event target data example, 94–95
Event.RESIZE event, 410
events
adding, 75
close, 404–406
desktop. See desktop events
drag, 401–403
frame. See frame events
gesture, 450–457
handlers for. See event handlers
introduction to, 68–69
listeners for. See event listeners
maximize, 398–401
minimize, 397–398
mouse. See mouse events
objects for. See event objects
resizing window, 406–410
summary of, 76
timer. See timer events
Export as Bitmap object setting, 475
external media
audio from Web, playing, 373–375
images, 370–372
introduction to working with, 369
summary of, 389
video from Web, playing, 376–378
video playback, altering, 379–382
video playback, pausing, 382–384
video playback, rewinding and seeking, 384–388
F
false value
for loop testing for, 258
introduction to, 17
NOT operator testing for, 218
AND operator testing for, 217–218
feedback, 200–201
fills, 318–320
FLA project files. See also Flash Professional CS5.5
classes in packages, referring to, 180–182
Document class in, creating, 169–171
Document class linking to, 302
equality and inequality in, 196–198
fonts in, 234
getName method for, 160
nested packages for, 182–183
package folders for, 176–180
publishing AIR applications and, 422
resizing windows in, 418
self-signed certificates in, 420–421
source path for, 183–186
Flash Platform. See Adobe Flash Platform
Flash Platform from Start to Finish, 423
Flash Player 10.2, defined. See also Adobe Flash Player, xvi
Flash Professional CS5.5. See also Adobe Flash Platform
Actions panel in, generally, 9–11
AIR projects in, creating, 394–396
AIR projects in, using, 424–425, 438
Android applications in, debugging, 458–459
Android applications in, generally, 431–434
Android applications in, testing, 504
Boolean variables in. See Boolean variables
Components panel in, 376
Convert to Symbol dialog box in, 5
countdown clock project in, 117–118
creating classes in, generally, 158–160
creating Document classes in, 169–171, 173
defined, xvi
drawing with ActionScript and, 302
FLA files for. See FLA project files
Format Embedding dialog box, 234
frame rate property in, 108–110
iOS applications in, creating generally, 434, 437
iOS applications in, debugging, 460
looping with drawing API in, 326–328
mobile device applications in. See mobile applications
nested packages in, 182–183
New Project dialog box in, 4
preview mode in, 470
project review in, 471–475
random number generator in, 221–224
runtime of. See Flash runtime
text fields in, 228
timeline scripting in, generally, 80
video delivery in, 376
Flash runtime. See also Flash Professional CS5.5
animation in, 333
API for artwork in, 302
default location of objects in, 16
display stack contents in, 28
displaying object locations, 16
evaluating order of operations, 61–62
pixel hinting in, 318
text fields in, 228
triggering frame events, 99, 104
flash.display.Sprite class, 303
flash.text.TextField class, 229
flash.text.TextFormat class, 231
flattened files, 506–511
Flipr game project
Document class review in, 475–478
Flash Professional project review in, 471–475
game board, creating, 491–492
game logic, creating, 482–490
game rules, setting up, 494–500
introduction to, 467
kick-off meeting notes for, 470
main controls, displaying, 480–482
player controls, setting up, 494–500
score displays, setting up, 493–494
solution and walkthrough of, generally, 471
specifications for, 468
splash screen, displaying, 479
summary of, 501
timer displays, setting up, 493–494
visual design review of, 469
floor method, 222–223
fl.video class package, 378
FLVPlayback
adding to projects, 376–378
altering video playback with, 379–382
rewinding video with, 384–397
seeking video with, 384–387
summary of, 388–389
folders. See also packages, 176–180, 420
Font Embedding dialog box, 235
fonts
Bondini, 472
changing later, 233–234
creating custom, 234–237
formatting, 231–232
for loop
drawing API and, 326–328
for Flipr game board, 491
introduction to, 257–260
for puzzle solutions, 497
Format Embedding dialog box, 234
formatting text, 231–232
forwardButton instance, 83, 90
FPS (frame rate property), 108–110
frame events
ENTER_FRAME, 104–107
introduction to, 99
removing event listeners, 106–107
summary of, 111
timer events vs., 108–110
frame labels, 90
frame rate property (FPS), 108–110
frame scripts, defined, 8
frames, seeking to specific, 83–84
fully qualified package names, 178
function statement, 37
functions
accepting values in, 39–43
errors when running, 42–43
fundamentals of, 36–38
introduction to, 35
for methods, 152
returning values from, 44–46
summary of, 47
G
game boards. See also Flipr game project, 491–492
game logic, 482–490
“Game Over” screen
absence of, 469
appearance of, 474
specifications for, 468
timer triggering, 494
game rules, 494–500
gameBoard, 472
GameBoard class, 482–488
gameLevelText text field, 472
_gameOver method, 494
generic objects, 159
gesture events. See also touch interactions
introduction to working with, 450
pinch to zoom, 450–455
rotate, 455–457
GESTURE_ROTATION event type, 455–456
getter methods
creating, 165–166
politeness of, 164
using, 166–168
GIF files, 370
Gingerbread, 504–505
glyphs, 234–235
Google, 428
gotoAndPlay() function, 84, 90
gotoAndStop() function, 84, 90–92
gotoAndStop method call, 303
gradients, 321–326
Graphic object type, 22
graphics API (application programming interface)
drawing curves with, 312–315
drawing desktop application buttons with, 396
drawing lines with, 307–312
drawing play audio buttons with, 374
drawing play video buttons with, 380
drawing shapes with, 315–318
introduction to, 301–302
looping with, 326–329
shape creation using, 303–304
graphics property
extending class functionality in, 305–307
introduction to, 303
lineStyle method of, 307–308
with statement for, 311–312
groups of items. See arrays
groups of objects. See arrays
H
handling scope, 87
handsets, 428
hexadecimal numbers, 231–232, 308
Honeycomb, 427
hoverButton callback function, 87–94
HTC mobile devices, 428
I
icons, 419–420
idNo of clicked items, 499
if statements, 204–206
if.else if statements, 209–212
if.else statements, 206–208
Illegal assignment to variable specified as constant error, 417
images, 370–372
import flash.events.MouseEvent;, 83
import statement
for packages, 180–182
for sprites, 303
for text fields, 229
increment operators, 58–59
index element selector, 266–267
index numbers, 266–268, 491–492
inequality
demonstrating, 196–198
equality vs. See equality
testing for, 195–196
infinite loops, 259
infinitely running timers, 102, 111
init(), 171–172
_init, 230
initialization method
creating, 171–172
for Flipr user interfaces, 490
loops running in, 272
for splash screens, 479
for text fields, 230
instance names
in arrays, 273
on Buttons layer of Stage, 97
camel case for, 7
in classes, accessing, 154
in classes, creating, 134
in constructor parameters, adding, 146
for creating objects, 27–28
dot notation and, 15
in Flipr user interfaces, 472
of game buttons, 472
mouse event handlers and, 70
name attribute for, 95
in objects on Stage, creating new, 28
parent property after, 470
prefixing playback commands with, 97
in timeline scripts with mouse events, 80, 95
instances
creating, 144–145
defined, 6
naming. See instance names
of objects, creating, 27
var statement for, 133
Instructions screen for Flipr
contents of, 472–473
in Document class, 477
introduction to, 469
interactions for mobile devices. See also interfaces
creating, generally, 439
dragging with touch, 442–444
gesture events for, generally, 450
long press events, 445–449
pinch to zoom gestures, 450–455
rotate gestures, 455–457
tap, 439–442
touch, 439–442
interfaces. See also events
application programming. See APIs (application programming interfaces)
defined, 67
Flipr user, 471–472
for mobile devices. See interactions for mobile devices
streamlining. See classes
INTERNET option, 439
intervals
in animation, 355–358
currentCount property for, 470
iOS platform
configuring devices for, 430
creating first application for, 434–438
debugging applications for, 460–462
testing applications for, 506–511
touch interactions on, 439
website packaging applications for, 503
IP addresses, 461
.IPA files (for Apple Devices Applications), 428, 435
iPad
introduction to, 427
on iOS platform, 428
resolution for, 434
as testing device, 429
iPhone
introduction to, 427
on iOS platform, 428
resolution for, 434
iPod touch
on iOS platform, 428
resolution for, 434
as testing device, 429
_isCorrect, 192–194
iterators
in controlling flow of loops, 261
in for loop, 258–260
in nested loops, 263
J
K
keeping classes polite, 164
key codes
character codes vs., 250–251
constants containing, 253
defined, 249
in keyboard shortcuts, 251–253
KeyboardEvent handler
introduction to, 246–249
key vs. character codes in, 250–251
special key recognition in, 251–253
keyboards, 227
Keychain Access, 434–435, 510–511
kick-off meeting notes
countdown clock project, 116
on DiceOut game project, 283
Flipr game project, 470
kuler, 308
L
layers in timeline, 8
layouts
of buttons, 411–418
in desktop applications, 411–418
manually sketching, 240
of text. See layouts for text
of window controls in AIR, 411–418
layouts for text
escape sequences in, 241–245
introduction to, 238–240
Text Layout Framework, 228
left to right evaluation, 60
length property, 274
Library
Flipr user interfaces in, 472
FLVPlayback, adding, 376–378, 389
importing images into, 370
objects in. See Library objects
Library objects
adding dynamically, 21
in countdown clock project, 117, 122
display stacks for, 27–28
displaying, 122
dynamic event handlers for, 94
ENTER_FRAME event and, 104
equality and inequality of, 197
Font, 234–235
introduction to, 5–6
loops creating arrays for, 269
on MovieClip timelines, 85
named assets, creating, 22–25
in Project setup of Flash Professional, 117
tween-based animation of, 80
values in functions of, accepting, 39–40
lines, drawing, 307–312
lineStyle method
for curves, 313–314
for extending Sprite class, 305
for gradients, 321–322
for lines, 307–311
for looping, 326–328
for rectangles, 317–319
with statement and, 312
for strokes, 307–311
lineTo method, 310–311, 315–317
Linkage class names, 137–138
listeners. See event listeners
_loadImage method, 371–372
location
of objects, testing, 46, 196–198
rate of change and, 348–351
time and, 334–335
of window control buttons, 411–413, 418
x coordinates for. See x coordinates
y coordinates for. See y coordinates
logic operators, 216–218
logos, 472
long division with remainders, 53–54
long press events, 445–449
loops
animation of multiple objects with, 343–348
arrays and, generally, 265–266
break statement controlling, 261–262
continue statement controlling, 261–262
creating arrays with, 269–273
do loop, 264
in drawing with ActionScript, 326–329
for. See for loop
introduction to, 257–258
modifying arrays and, 266–269
nesting, 262–263
for objects already in arrays, 274–276
summary of, 277
M
Mac OS X
AIR applications for, 424
Applications folder in, 420
desktop applications for, 394
Snow Leopard, 504
testing mobile applications for, 506
main controls in Flipr, 480–482
manipulating objects. See also objects
introduction to, 3
parameters for, 8–18
summary of, 19
manually sketching layouts. See also layouts, 240, 411–413
mastheads, 472
Math class, 221–224
mathematical operators
addition, 50–52
concatenation, 51–52
decrement, 58
division, 53–54
increment, 58–59
introduction to, 49–50
left to right evaluation by, 60
long division with remainders, 53–54
modulo, 53
multiplication, 53
order of operations by, evaluating, 61
order of operations by, forcing, 62–63
order of operations by, generally, 60
parentheses forcing order of, 62–63
subtraction, 50
summary of, 64–65
variables and, 55–57
Math.random method
in animation, 340–341
in drawing with ActionScript, 328
generating random numbers with, 221–225
matrix parameter, 324
maximize window control, 398–401, 411–412
Menu commands, 11
menu for Flipr, 469
messages
broadcasting mouse events, 68–69
buttons displaying, 70
“Click!” 75
confirmation, in array creation, 273
confirmation, of AIR application publication, 422
confirmation, trace statement generating, 170
debugging, on Android, 458–459
debugging, on iOS, 460
error, in named library asset creation, 24
functions generating, 44–46
greeting, functions generating, 44–45
MOUSE_OVER, 68–69
object instances broadcasting, 68
sending to Output panel, 8–11
testing application, 504
methods
_clickTile, 499
_displayInstructions, 481
_endSplash callback, 480
_gameOver, 494
_loadImage, 371–372
_quit, 481
_scoreGame, 498
_setupControls, 480–481
accessing from outside classes, 153
beginFill, 318–320
beginGradientFill, 321
ceil, 224
close, 404–406
createGradientBox, 324
creating, 152
curveTo, 312–317
displayTile, 498
drawCircle, 318
drawEllipse, 318
drawRect, 317
drawRoundRect, 317
dropDrag, 200
endFill, 320
floor, 222–223
getter, 164–168
gotoAndStop method call, 303
of graphics property, 307–308
initialization. See initialization method
introduction to, 131
lineStyle. See lineStyle method
Math.random, 221–225, 328, 340–341
moveTo, 310–311
new_configureWindow, 409–410
newGame, 494–496
play method of FLVPlayback, 381–382, 389
private _setupGame, 496
public newGame, 496
public statement for, 152
resetTimer, 494
round, 224
seekPercent, 384–385
setLabel, 382–384
setter, 164–168
setTextFormat, 233–234
setTimer, 494
splice(), 268–269
startMove, 403
stopTouchDrag, 444
for TOUCH_POINT, 479
minimize window control
for desktop applications, 397–398
location of, 418
in resizable layouts, 411
mobile applications
on Android, creating first, 431–434
configuring environment for. See mobile environment configuration
debugging, on Android, 458–459
debugging, on iOS, 460–462
debugging, over USB generally, 458
dragging with touch, 442–444
gesture events for, generally, 450
interactions for, generally, 439
introduction to, 427
on iOS, creating first, 434–438
long press events in, 445–449
optimizing, 463–464
pinch to zoom gestures in, 450–455
rotate gestures for, 455–457
summary of, 465
tap interactions in, 439–442
test project for, 431–438
testing devices for, 429–430
touch interactions for, 439–442
mobile environment configuration. See also mobile applications
Android devices, setting up for testing, 504–505
introduction to, 503
iOS devices, setting up for testing, 506–511
modulo operator
%, 53–54
defined, 53
for Flipr game board, 491–492
motion. See animation
Motorola mobile devices, 428–429
mouse event handlers, 70–73
mouse events
adding to existing timeline scripts, generally, 80
callback objects, 87–94
common, 75
controlling timeline playback with, 81
drag and drop, 198–200
event target data example and, 94–95
gotoAndStop(), 92
for handling scope, 87
hovering, 74–75
in mobile applications, 442
MOUSE_OVER, 75
for MovieClips, generally, 85–86
for playback, stopping at specific frames, 83–84
for playback, stopping generally, 81–83
simple callback functions and, 96
timeline scripting with, generally, 79, 97
touch events vs., 470
MouseEvent.CLICK, 481
MouseEvent.CLICK event, 398
MouseEvent.CLICK event type, 381, 384
MOUSE_OVER events, 68–69
moveTo method, 310–311
MovieClips
accepting values in functions in, 39–42
Boolean variables in. See Boolean variables
class constructors for, 143–151
class statement for, 143
classes in, creating generally, 134–137
complex conditionals for, 219
converting visual objects to, 5–7
in countdown clock project, 118
customizing button labels for, 146–147
customizing multiple properties in, 148
Document class in, creating, 169–171
drag and drop for, 213
ENTER_FRAME and, 104–107
Flipr user interfaces in, 471
for loop for, 259
flow of loops in, 261
frame scripts for, 8–11
game board creation in, 489
graphics property in, 303–304
graphics vs., 22
import statement for, 142
looping through arrays for, 274
loops creating arrays for, 269–271
in mobile applications, 470
mouse event handlers for, 69–73
naming instances in, 7
object parameters in, 12–18
packages for. See packages
perComplete, 472–474
properties of, 17
random number generator for, 221–224
sprites for, 302–303
symbol properties for, 134–137
Tile, 498
in timeline scripting with mouse events, 85–86
TimerExpired, 118
TimerStart, 118
without timelines, 302–303
MP3 files, 373–374
multi-screen projects on desktops. See Adobe AIR for desktop applications
multi-screen projects on mobile devices. See Adobe AIR for mobile applications
multiplication operator, 53
Multitouch.inputMode property, 441, 450–456
N
named Library assets. See also Library objects, 22–25
names
fully qualified package, 178
instance. See instance names
Linkage class, 137–138
native installers, 394
native window controls
in AIR, generally, 395–398
drag, 401–403
resize, 409–410
nativeWindow object, 403
nativeWindow property of Stage, 397–398
NativeWindowDisplayState, 401, 407–409
nesting
condition statements, 216–217
loops, 262–263
packages, 182–183
New Project dialog box, 4
new_configureWindow method, 409–410
newGame method, 494–496
nextFrame(), 92–93
Nexus One
configuring devices, 431
testing Android applications on, 504–505
as testing devices, 429
NOT operator, 218
number of intervals in timers, 100, 111
:Number statement, 43
numbers
hexadecimal, 308
var statement for, 133
O
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). See also interfaces, 131, 157
objects
accessing. See access to objects
already in arrays, loops for, 274–276
animating multiple, loops for, 343–348
bitmap settings for, 475
centering, 451–452
containers for, 470
creating new, 25–28
dynamically adding. See dynamically adding objects to Stage
event callback, 87–94
generic, 159
Graphic object type, 22
groups of. See arrays
manipulating. See manipulating objects
moving with timers, 336–338
nativeWindow, 403
in new project creation, 4
parameters for, 12–18
sending messages to Output panel, 8–11
on Stage, 5–7
testing location of, 46, 196–198
width property of, 413
OOP (Object-Oriented Programming). See also interfaces, 131, 157
optimization of mobile applications, 463–464
OR operator, 218
order of operations
evaluating, 61
forcing, 62–63
introduction to, 60
Output panel
_getCodesmethod in, 250
1084: Syntax error in, 46
addition operator on, 50–52
array modification in, 268–269
assignment operator on, 55
class display screen on, 144–145
combined assignment operators in, 55
concatenation operator on, 51–52
decrement operator on, 58
display stacks and, 28–29
division operator on, 53
from for loop, 260
“The function runMe was executed,” 36
getter method display in, 166, 170
if statement results on, 206
increment operator on, 58
loop code sending iterator values to, 260
looping through arrays in, 276
mathematical operators in, 50–53
mouse click events in, 72–73, 75
multiplication operator on, 53
nesting loops in, 263
AND operator in, 217
OR operation in, 218
playback, stopping, 82
random numbers in, 221
returning values from functions in, 44–46
sending messages to, 8–11
setter method display in, 166, 170
subtraction operator in, 50–52
“Tick!” displays on, 101–103
timers in, 101–103
trace statement and, 28–29, 177, 180
true value and equality statement on, 194
x coordinate on, 12–13, 16, 200
y coordinate on, 12–13, 16, 200
P
packages
folders for, creating, 176–180
nested, 182–183
referring to all classes in, 180–182
source paths of, 183–186
padding around buttons, 413
parameters
of class constructors, 146–151
of objects, 12–18
of timer events, 100
parentheses
in event listeners, 71
forcing order of operations, 62–63
location of, 46
passwords
for AIR applications, 421
AIR for Android, 432–433
AIR for iOS, 435
for keychain access, 511
pausing video, 382–384
pen, virtual, 310–315
perComplete, 472–474
phones. See also iPhone, 429–430, 504–505
pinch to zoom gestures, 450–455
pipes, 218
pixel hinting, 318
play method of FLVPlayback, 381–382, 389
playback
controlling, generally, 81
FLVPlayback. See FLVPlayback
messages, 95
stopping, 81–83
stopping at specific frames, 83–84
playButton, 85–93
player controls, 494–500
Player drop-down list, 394–395
PNG files, 370
polite classes, 164
_positionControls method, 410, 417
prevFrame(), 92–94
preview mode, 470
private
best practices for, 163
introduction to, 161–162
restricting access with, 161–162
private _setupGame method, 496
private variables, 192–199
progressive video, 376
properties
accessing values of, 164
align, 406
alpha. See alpha property
assigning to instances, 30
cacheAsBitmap, 463
clickedTile, 500
currentCount, 470
customizing multiple, 148–149
defaultTextFormat, 233
displayState, 401
frame rate, 108–110
graphics. See graphics property
length, 274
of MovieClips, 14–19
Multitouch.inputMode, 441, 450–456
nativeWindow, 397–398
scaleMode, 406–409
scaleX and scaleY, 447
StageAlign, 411
stageWidth and stageHeight, 328, 349
target, 89–92
of text, 231–237
width of objects, 413
Properties panel
in AIR, 395
Display section of, 463
frame rate property (FPS) in, 108–110
introduction to, 12–14
Provisioning portal of iOS, 507–510
public
best practices for, 164
classes, 143
for classes, 158
introduction to, 158–160
methods, 152
public newGame method, 496
Publish preview, 11
Publish Settings window, 185
publishing AIR applications, 395, 422
Q
_quit method, 481
quiz project
escape sequences for responses in, 241–245
keyboardEvent handler in, 246
questions, creating text fields for, 228–230
questions, properties of text for, 231–237
responses in layout of, 238–240
text fields for answers in, 242–245
quotation marks
in conditionals, 213
in private variables, 193
R
radial gradients, 326
random animation, 338–342
random number generator, 340–341, 349
rate of change, 348–351, 355–358
“ready to run,” 505
rectangles, 317
remote debugging, 458, 460–461
_removeInstructions, 481
repeating actions. See loops
reposition() function, 39–43
required parameter error, 42–43
resetTimer method, 494
resizable layouts of window controls, 411–418
resize window controls, 406–410
resuming video playback, 384
return statement, 44–46
returning values from functions, 44–46
rewinding video, 384–388
RIM platform, 425
rise over run, 338
rotate gestures, 455–457
rotating gradient boxes, 325–326
round method, 224
rounded rectangles, 317–318
S
Safari, 506
Samsung mobile devices, 428–429
scaleMode property, 406–409
scaleX and scaleY properties, 365, 447
scaling size of visual elements, 361–365
scope of code, 87–88
_scoreGame method, 498
seeking to specific frames, 83–84
seeking video, 384–388
seekPercent method, 384–385
self-signed certificates, 420–423, 432
setLabel method, 382–384
setter methods
classes, 164
creating, 165–166
using, 166–168
setTextFormat method, 233–234
setTimer method, 494
Settings Window in AIR
configuring projects in, 395–396
Create Self-Signed Digital Certificate window in, 421
Icons tab in, 419–420
introduction to, 419
for iOS, 461
self-signed certificates and, 432
_setupControls method, 480–481
@sfdesigner, 501
ShockWave Flash (SWF), 370–372, 389
shortcuts on keyboards, 251–253
simple callback functions, 96
single quotes, 96
size of images, 370
sketching layouts manually, 240, 411–413
slope of animation
rise over run in, 338
stageWidth and stageHeight in, 349
summary of, 366
solutions and walkthroughs
ActionScript setup for countdown clock, 119–121
auto-generated imports for countdown clock, 121
contents before constructor in DiceOut, 288–290
for countdown clock, generally, 117
of countdown clock, generally, 127
for DiceOut game project, generally, 284, 297
display objects of countdown clock, 122–123
Document class in DiceOut, generally, 284–288
Document class in Flipr, 475–478
ending game in DiceOut, 296
event listeners in DiceOut, 290–292
Flash project review in Flipr, 471–475
for Flipr game project, generally, 471
game board in Flipr, 491–492
game logic in Flipr, 482–490
game rules in Flipr, 494–500
main controls in Flipr, 480–482
player controls in Flipr, 494–500
Project setup for countdown clock, 117–118
rolldie method in DiceOut Document class, 292–295
score displays in Flipr, 493–494
scores in DiceOut Document class, 296
splash screen in Flipr, 479
start button event listeners in countdown clock, 123
starting timer in countdown clock, 124–125
timer and timer event listeners in countdown clock, 124
timer displays in Flipr, 493–494
timer events in countdown clock, 125–126
speaker-listener relationships. See also event listeners, 68
special key recognition, 251–253
specifications
for countdown clock project, 114
for DiceOut game project, 280
for Flipr game project, 468
speed of startup, 370
splash screens
displaying, 479
in Document class, 476
game logos on, 472
splice() method, 268–269
Sprite class, 302–307
sprites
class of, generally, 302–303
defined, 302
extending classes of, 305–307
in Flipr user interfaces, 471–472
stacks in Library. See also display stacks; Library objects, 23
Stage
accepting values in functions on, 39–40
accessing objects on, 5–7
animation on. See animation
comments on, creating, 31–32
countdown clock on, 122–123
display objects on, 122
display properties of mobile applications on, 463
display stacks, assigning properties to instances, 30
display stacks, creating new objects for, 25–28
display stacks, defined, 25
display stacks, working with, 29–30
dynamic event handlers for objects on, 85
dynamically adding objects to. See dynamically adding objects to Stage
editing-in-place on, 85
mouse event handlers on, 70
named library assets in, 22–25
parameters of objects on, 12–18
playButton instance on, 85–86
scaleMode property of, 406–409
spaces, working with, 32
summary of, 31
tween-based animation on, 80
StageAlign property, 411
StageScaleMode, 406–409
stageWidth and stageHeight properties, 328, 349
starfield project. See animation
startDrag method
Boolean variables and, 198, 200
summary of, 213
startMove method, 403
startTouchDrag method, 444, 447
startup times, 370
stop()
in timeline playback, 82
in timeline scripting, 97
in timer intervals, 111
for timers, 102–103
stopButton instance, 81–82, 90–93
stops, gradient, 321
stopTouchDrag method, 444
string concatenation, 44–45, 51–52
strings
constructor parameters optional with, 150
customizing multiple properties with, 148
defined, 10
defining variables for, 164
getter method for, 165–167
of lines, 310–311
in method creation, 152
setter method for, 165–167
text as, 10
text field labels with, defining, 146
var statement for, 133
variables for, defining, 159
strokes, 307–312
Stucki, Ben, 464
style of lines, 307–308
changing later, 233–234
customizing, generally, 231–232
fonts, creating custom, 234–237
subtraction operator, 50
SWF (ShockWave Flash), 370–372, 389
Symantec, 422
Symbol properties window, 135–136, 138
syntax errors, 46
System Chrome
custom vs., 425
dragging windows with, 401
introduction to, 395–396
T
t operator, 53
tablets, 428–429
tap interactions. See also touch interactions, 439–442
target property, 89–92
testing
Android applications, 504–505
Boolean conditional, 258
conditions. See testing conditions
drag and drop, 218
for equality, 194
for loop for, 258
for inequality, 195–196
iOS applications, 506–511
location of objects, 46, 196–198
mobile applications, 431–438, 465
mobile devices for, 429–430
NOT operator for, 218
AND operator for, 217–220
OR operator for, 218
trace statement for, 202
x coordinate locations. See x coordinates
y coordinate locations. See y coordinates
testing conditions. See also Boolean logic, advanced
generally, 202–204
if statements, 204–206
if.else if statements, 209–212
if.else statements, 206–208
loops for, 258
text
in button labels, 146
KeyboardEvent handler in TextFields, 246–253
layout of, escape sequences in, 241–245
layout of, generally, 238–240
style of, changing later, 233–234
style of, creating custom fonts, 234–237
style of, customizing generally, 231–232
summary of, 251–253
working with, generally, 227
Text Layout Framework (TLF), 228
TextFormat class, 231–232
ticking
example of, 101–102
stopping timers and, 102–103
Tile MovieClip, 498
tilePuzzleArray, 496–497
tiles
arrays for values of, 489
specifications for, 468
tileVariety variable, 496–497
time-based animation
introduction to, 334
summary of, 366
TimerEvent.TIMER for, 336–338
time + location, 334–335
timeline
accepting values in functions on, 39
animating thermometers with, 474
class instances in, 144
constructor parameters optional on, 150
ENTER_FRAME event in, 104
Flipr user interfaces on, 472
frame scripts on, 8–10
functions on, 36
introduction to, 5
layers of, 8
mathematical operators in, 50, 53
mouse event handlers in, 71
in multiple property customizing, 148–149
new scripts, 25–26
playback, 82
scripting. See timeline scripting with mouse events
timeline scripting with mouse events
event callback objects in, finished example of, 92–94
event callback objects in, generally, 87–88
event callback objects in, using, 89–92
event target data example, 94–95
gotoAndStop()shortcuts for, 92
handling scope in, 87
introduction to, 79
in MovieClips, 85–86
playback, controlling generally, 81
playback, stopping, 81–83
playback, stopping at specific frames, 83–84
project for (ball moving across screen), introducing, 80
simple callback functions in, 96
summary of, 97
Timer, defined, 100
TIMER event, 493
timer events
callback functions for, 125–126
frame events vs., 108–110
introduction to, 99
parameters of, 100
stopping, 102–103
summary of, 111
using, 100–102
TIMER_COMPLETE event, 100–102
TimerEvent, 100
TimerEvent.TIMER, 336–338, 445
timers
_timerSecond for game displays, 493
in animation, 336–338
displaying, 493–494
event listeners for, 124
events in. See timer events
“Game Over” screen triggered by, 494
gameTimer, 493–494
intervals in, 355–358
in mobile applications, 470
resetTimer method for, 494
setTimer method for, 494
for splash screens, 479–480
starting with callback functions, 124–125
TIMER event for game displays, 493
_timerSecond, 493
Times New Roman, 231
times, startup, 370
TLF (Text Layout Framework), 228
totalRight variable, 496, 498–499
touch interactions. See also gesture events
creating, 439–442
mouse events vs., 470
splash screens and, 479
TOUCH_BEGIN event type, 443–448
TOUCH_END event type, 443–449
TouchEvent.TOUCH_TAP, 481
TouchGestures Document class, 450
TOUCH_INPUT interaction type, 442
touchPointID, 444
trace statement
arrays and, 266
calling functions with, 44–47
for conditionals testing, 202
debugging on iOS with, 462
defined, 10–12
in timeline scripting, 89
TransformGestureEvent, 450–456
true value
for loop testing for, 258
introduction to, 17
AND operator testing for, 217–218
OR operator testing for, 218
tween-based animation, 80, 334
Twitter, 501
type mismatch error, 43
typeof statement, 52
U
UDID, 506
uint (unsigned integer), 259
user interfaces, 471–472
V
values
accepting in functions, 39–43
Boolean. See Boolean variables
false. See false value
of properties, 164
returning from functions, 44–46
true. See true value
in window controls, 413–417
var statement
for class variables, generally, 133
in for loop, 259
for mathematical operators, 56
text fields, creating with, 228, 230
variables
Boolean. See Boolean variables
of classes, generally, 133
defining, 159
introduction to, 12
of mathematical operators, 55–57
private, 192–199
specified as constant, 417
tileVariety, 496–497
var statement for, see var statement
vectors, 463
Verdana font, 234
VeriSign, 422
video from Web, 376–378
video playback
altering generally, 379–382
pausing, 382–384
rewinding, 384–388
seeking, 384–388
VideoButton class, 382–384
virtual pen, 310–315
visibility settings, 18
visual design review
of countdown clock project, 115
of DiceOut game project, 281–282
of Flipr game project, 469
W
walkthroughs. See solutions and walkthroughs
while statement, 264
width property of Stage objects, 413
WiFi, 460–461
window controls
close, 404–406
drag, 401–403
maximize, 398–401
minimize, 397–398
native, 395–397
resizable layouts of, 411–418
resize, 406–410
Windows
AIR applications for, 424
desktop applications for, 394
testing Android devices in, 504
testing iOS applications and, 508
wireframes, 114–115
workspace for ActionScript development, 136–137
X
x coordinates
in adding animation elements, 358–361
in animation brightness, 352–355
in animation fine-tuning, generally, 349
in animation fluidity and rate of change, 355–358
curveTo method and, 312–315
feedback identifying, 200–201
for Flipr game board, 491
if statement testing, 204–206
if.else if statement testing, 209–212
if.else statement testing, 206–208
introduction to, 12–15
in loops animating multiple objects, 343–348
AND operators testing, 219–220
in random animation, 339–342
in scaling size of animation elements, 361–365
window control buttons on, 412–413
Y
y coordinates
in adding animation elements, 358–361
in animation brightness, 352–355
in animation fine-tuning, generally, 349
in animation fluidity and rate of change, 355–358
curveTo method and, 312–315
feedback identifying, 200–201
for Flipr game board, 492
if statement testing, 204–206
if.else if statement testing, 209–212
if.else statement testing, 206–208
introduction to, 12–15
in loops animating multiple objects, 343–348
AND operators testing, 219–220
in random animation, 339–342
in scaling size of animation elements, 361–365
window control buttons on, 412–413