A physical data model illustrates how the different elements will be constructed, as per business requirements that were provided in the LDM. It gives a visual illustration of the physical structure of an actual database. It may also include components of the LDM that have been refactored, in order to optimize the database and enhance the application's performance. In the physical data model, objects are defined at a schema level. Here, a schema can be defined as a group of related objects in a database. To summarize, a model can be referred to as a physical data model if it contains all table structures, including column names, column data types, primary keys, column constraints, and the relationship between tables. An instance of the physical model can be seen in the preceding diagram.