Appendix C

Mathematical Relations

C.1 TRIGONOMETRIC RELATIONS

where

C.2 DERIVATIVES

C.2.1 Rules for Differentiation

C.2.2 Chain Rule

C.2.3 Stationary Points

C.3 INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

C.3.1 Basic Integrals

C.3.2 Integration by Parts

C.3.3 Rational Algebraic Functions

C.3.4 Trigonometric Functions

Reduction formulae:

C.3.5 Exponential Functions

Reduction formula:

C.4 DEFINITE INTEGRALS

C.5 SERIES

Taylor expansion:

McLaurin expansion:

C.6 LOGARITHMS

Definitions:

Properties: