Apply Your Knowledge

Exercise

10.1. Performing a Full Backup

You have recently been employed as the network administrator for a large pharmaceutical company. On your first day of work, you notice that no backup has been performed for more than six months. You immediately decide to perform a full backup and schedule backups to occur at regular intervals.

You use Windows 2000 Server's Backup Wizard utility to back up a few data files and automate the process to reoccur automatically based on a schedule you construct.

Estimated time: 20 minutes

1.
Select Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Backup. The Backup [Untitled] screen appears.

2.
Select the Schedule Jobs tab and click the Add Job button.The Backup Wizard screen appears.

3.
Click Next on the Backup Wizard screen.

4.
Choose Back Up Selected Files, Drives, or Network Data and click Next.

5.
Select the data you would like to back up. The window contains a directory of files similar to Windows Explorer, with one added twist: A check box appears next to each directory item. Click the box to select an item to be backed up. Note that if you click on a folder, you will back up everything from that point in the directory down.

6.
Choose one or two folders that contain a few files. Click Next.

7.
Choose the media type to which you want to save your data. In this project, you'll save your backup to disk, so choose the File in the Backup Media Type drop-down box.

8.
If the directory you want to use doesn't exist, you can create it by clicking the Browse button and navigating to where you want to put the backup file you are about to create. (Click the New Folder icon in the browse window.)

9.
Specify the type of backup you want to perform. Choose Normal and click Next.

10.
Select Verify Data After Backup if you want the operating system to check to make sure the backup has been made. Click Next.

NOTE

Test Recoveries You should continue to perform test recoveries to be sure you can restore your data.

11.
Choose whether you want to add this backup to the end of any previous backups or if you want to replace an old backup with this new one. For this project, choose Replace the Data on the Media with This Backup. Click Next.

12.
The next window lets you assign Backup Label and Media Label names. Leave the defaults in place and click Next. A Set Account Information dialog box might appear. Windows 2000 allows you to run the job under another account name/password if you would like. If you get this choice, enter your administrator account username and password. (The password will be whatever you established when you installed Windows 2000 Server or whatever you changed it to.)

13.
The When to Backup screen appears. Give the backup job you are creating the name BackupTest and click Set Schedule.

14.
The Schedule Job screen appears, and you can schedule when you want the backup job to occur. Set whatever schedule you would like and click OK. You return to the When to Backup Screen; click Next.

15.
On the Completing the Backup Wizard screen, click Finish to create the job. The backup utility creates the job, and the folders/files you selected will be backed up according to the schedule you selected.

16.
You can view the status of the backup job or make changes to it by using the Task Scheduler. To use the Task Scheduler, choose Start, Settings, Control Panel. When the Control Panel opens, double-click the Scheduled Tasks icon. You should see the backup job you just created. You can double-click it to edit the job.

Exam Questions

1:What is the minimum number of disks required for a RAID 5 array?

  1. 2

  2. 5

  3. 1 physical and 1 logical

  4. 3

A1: d. At least three hard disks are required in a RAID 5 array. None of the other answers are valid. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
2:What RAID level uses disk mirroring to provide fault tolerance?

  1. RAID 1

  2. RAID 0

  3. RAID 5

  4. RAID 2

A2: a. Disk mirroring is defined by RAID 1. Raid 0 is disk striping, which offers no fault tolerance. RAID 5 is disk striping with parity. RAID 2 is not a commonly implemented RAID level. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
3:Which of the following backup methods require the archive bit to be cleared? (Choose the two best answers.)

  1. Full

  2. Incremental

  3. Differential

  4. Mirror image

A3: a, b. The archive bit is reset in both a full backup and an incremental backup. Differential backups do not change the status of the archive bit. Mirror image is not an accepted backup type. For more information, see the section “Disaster Recovery,” in this chapter.
4:As network administrator, you have been asked to implement a backup and restore method that requires only a total of two tape sets. Which of the following backup pairs would you use?

  1. Full, incremental

  2. Differential, incremental

  3. Full, differential

  4. This cannot be done.

A4: c. A full backup combined with a differential backup will require only two tapes to do a complete restore, assuming that each backup set fits on a single tape. Full and incremental backups might need more than two tapes. Differential and incremental backups must be combined with a full backup to be effective. Answer d is not valid. For more information, see the section “Disaster Recovery,” in this chapter.
5:Which of the following are valid ways to assign computers to a VLAN? (Choose the three best answers.)

  1. Protocol assignment

  2. Port-based assignment

  3. NetBIOS computer name

  4. MAC address

A5: a, b, d. VLANs can be created by using protocol assignments, by defining the ports on a device as belonging to a VLAN, or by using MAC addresses. VLANs cannot be created by using the NetBIOS computer name. For more information, see the section “VLANs,” in this chapter.
6:How many hard disks are required to establish a RAID 1 solution?

  1. 8

  2. 4

  3. 6

  4. 2

A6: d. Two disks are required to create a RAID 1 array. All the other answers are invalid. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
7:You are the network administrator for a company that operates from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Friday. Your boss requires that a backup be performed nightly but does not want the backup to interfere with network operations. Full backups have been started at 9:30 p.m. and have taken until 8 a.m. to complete. What strategy would you suggest to correct the backup issue?

  1. Weekly full backups, incremental backups on Mondays, and differential backups every other weekday

  2. Full backup performed on the weekend and incremental backups performed on weekdays

  3. Differential backups performed on weekends and a full backup every other weekday evening

  4. Weekly full backups combined with weekend differential backups

A7: b. By making a full backup on the weekend and incremental backups during the week, you should be able to complete the backups without interfering with the normal working hours of the company. All the other answers are invalid. For more information, see the section “Disaster Recovery,” in this chapter.
8:Which of the following power-related problems is associated with a short-term voltage drop?

  1. Surge

  2. Brownout

  3. Sag

  4. Spike

A8: c. A sag is a short-term voltage drop. A brownout is also a voltage drop, but it lasts longer than a sag. A surge is an increase in power that lasts a few seconds. A spike is a power increase that lasts a few milliseconds. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
9:Which of the following fault-tolerant RAID levels offers the best read and write performance?

  1. RAID 0

  2. RAID 1

  3. RAID 5

  4. RAID 10

A9: d. RAID 10 offers the performance advantages of RAID 0 and the fault-tolerance capabilities of RAID 1. RAID 0 is not a fault-tolerant solution. RAID 1 and RAID 5 offer fault tolerance but do not increase performance. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
10:Which of the following are fault-tolerance measures associated with network adapters? (Choose the two best answers.)

  1. Warm swapping

  2. Adapter teaming

  3. Packet fragment recovery

  4. Secondary I/O recovery

A10: a, b. In server systems, warm swapping allows network adapters to be swapped out without the server being powered off. Adapter teaming allows multiple NICs to be logically grouped together. If one of the NICs fails, then the other NICs in the group can continue to provide network connectivity. Adapters in a team can also be grouped together to increase the available bandwidth. Answers c and d are not valid answers. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
11:Which of the following devices cannot be implemented in a fault-tolerant configuration?

  1. Power supply

  2. Processor

  3. NIC

  4. Memory

A11: d. There is no accepted fault-tolerance strategy for coping with a failed memory module. All the other hardware components listed can be implemented in a fault-tolerant configuration. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
12:What is the storage capacity of a RAID 1 array that uses two 40GB hard disks?

  1. 80GB

  2. 40GB minus the parity calculation

  3. 40GB

  4. 80GB minus the parity calculation

A12: c. A RAID 1 array requires an amount of disk space equivalent to that of the mirrored drive. Therefore, in a RAID 1 array of 80GB, only 40GB will be available for data storage. None of the other answers are valid. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
13:Which of the following are valid reasons to use a UPS? (Choose the three best answers.)

  1. Data availability

  2. To prevent damage to hardware

  3. Increased network speeds

  4. To prevent damage to data

A13: a, b, d. UPSs can prevent damage to hardware and damage to data caused by fluctuations in the power supply. They can also promote the availability of data by keeping a server running in the event of a power outage. A UPS does not increase the speed of the network. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
14:How many tapes are typically used in a GFS tape rotation?

  1. 14

  2. 13

  3. 12

  4. 11

A14: c. The standard GFS rotation uses 12 tapes. None of the other answers are valid. For more information, see the section “Disaster Recovery,” in this chapter.
15:As a network administrator, you have been asked to implement a RAID solution that offers high performance. Fault tolerance is not a concern. Which RAID level are you likely to use?

  1. RAID 0

  2. RAID 1

  3. RAID 2

  4. RAID 5

  5. RAID 10

A15: a. RAID 0 offers the highest level of performance but does not offer any fault tolerance. If the performance of RAID 0 is required along with fault tolerance, RAID 10 is a better choice. RAID 1 offers fault tolerance but no increase in performance. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
16:What is the best way to verify that your backup procedures are working?

  1. Check the system logs

  2. Perform periodic test restores

  3. Introduce new cartridges into the tape rotation

  4. Use the verify option when backing up data

A16: b. Performing periodic test restores is the only way to be absolutely sure that your backup and restore procedures and systems are working correctly. All the other options are best practices, but doing a test restore is the only way to be sure that the backups are working. For more information, see the section “Disaster Recovery,” in this chapter.
17:What file system access protocols are commonly supported by a NAS device?

  1. FAT

  2. NFS

  3. SMB

  4. NTFS

A17: b, c. NAS devices typically support NFS and SMB file system access protocols. NTFS and FAT are file systems, not file system access protocols. For more information, see the section “NAS,” in this chapter.
18:Which of the following uses redundant hard disk controllers?

  1. Disk duplexing

  2. RAID 0

  3. Disk duplication

  4. RAID 5

A18: a. Disk duplexing is an implementation of RAID 1 (disk mirroring) that places each of the drives on a separate controller. None of the other answers are valid. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
19:You have installed five 15GB hard disks for your server in a RAID 5 array. How much storage space will be available for data?

  1. 75GB

  2. 60GB

  3. 30GB

  4. 45GB

A19: b. In a RAID 5 configuration, a space equivalent to one whole drive is used for the storage of parity information. In this question, this requirement equates to 15GB. Therefore, in a 75GB RAID 5 array, 60GB is available for data storage. None of the other answers are valid. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
20:While digging through an old storage closet, you find two 10GB hard disks. What RAID levels could you implement with them? (Choose the two best answers.)

  1. RAID 5

  2. RAID 0

  3. RAID 10

  4. RAID 1

A20: b, d. Both RAID 0 and RAID 1 use two disks. The difference between the two implementations is that RAID 1 offers fault tolerance through disk mirroring, whereas RAID 0 stripes the data across the drives but does not offer any fault tolerance. RAID 5 requires at least three disks, and RAID 10 requires at least four disks if the entire hard disk is to be used. For more information, see the section “Understanding Fault Tolerance,” in this chapter.
Suggested Readings and Resources

1. Toigo, Jon William . Disaster Recovery Planning: Preparing for the Unthinkable, third edition. Prentice Hall, 2002.

2. Overview of disaster recovery procedures, www.labmice.net/disaster.htm.

3. Disaster recovery information for Windows 2000, www.microsoft.com/windows2000/library/operations/fileandprint/recovery.asp.

4. General disaster recovery information, www.tekcentral.com/teknetwork/disaster_recovery.

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