Index
Absolute temperature, 232
AC, 2
ACIRAN program, 278
Acoustic construction, microphone, 215
Active component, 5
Active life, cell, 193
Alkaline cell, 199
Aluminium foil, 117
Ambient temperature, 44
Ammonium perborate, 117
Amplitude, 15
Antilog taper, 81
Arcing, relay contacts, 162
Arcing, switch, 257
Armature, 158
Arrow, diode symbol, 10
Attenuation band, 181
Audio connectors, 246
AutoSketch, 270
Autotransformers, 152
Back-EMF, 127
Back-EMF, motor, 176
Backswing, 24
Bandgap diodes, 87
Band-pass filter, 185
Band-stop filter, 185
Baseline, wave, 14
Battery connections, 192
Battery, 190
Bi-directional port, 251
B-law taper, 81
Block capacitors, 112
BNC connectors, 245
Bobbin, transformer, 141
Boella effect, 52
Breakdown, Zener, 85
Bridge circuits, 63
Bridge measurements, 140
Brushgear, 176
BS 4343, 242
Butterworth response, 182
Button cell, 201
Cabinets, 264
CAD programs, 271
Cadmium-sulphide cell, 227
Capacitor behaviour, 90
Capacitor charging, 18
Capacitor discharging, 19
Capacitor fundamentals, 89
Capacitor input filter, 150
Capacitor microphone, 218
Carbon composition, 50
Carbon film, 53
Carbon presets, 71
Carbon-track potentiometer, 67
Carbon-zinc cell, 196
Cardioid response, 215
Cases, 264
Cathode, cell, 190
C-core transformer, 142
Cell, 190
Centronics connector, 250
Ceramic capacitor, 103
Ceramic capacitor uses, 108
Ceramic core resistors, 60
Cermet, 56
Cermet potentiometers, 72
Characteristics, metal-film resistors, 55
Charge, 1
Charger, NiCd cell, 210
Charging, lead-acid cells, 207
Chebycheff response, 182
Chemical cell, 190
Chip, 6
Choke input filter, 150
Chopping action, relay, 166
Circuit, 4
Circuit boards, 262
Circuit diagrams by computer, 270
Circuit resistance, effect, 29
Circuit symbols, 273
Circuits, resistive, 60
CIVIL mnemonic, 9
Class X capacitors, 114
Class Y capacitors, 115
Coding, capacitors, 116
Cogging, 176
Coil resistance, relay, 161
Collet-fitting, 255
Colour coding, 36
Colour sensitivity, 226
Colour, LED, 229
Computer, uses, 266
Conduction, 33
Conductive plastic potentiometers, 76
Conductive printed boards, 263
Conductors, 2
Connection, lithium cells, 204
Connectors, 241
Constant-current charging, 211
Constant-k filters, 183
Construction, capacitor, 92
Contact bounce, relay, 166
Contact potential, 230
Contact resistance, relay, 162
Contactor, 158
Contacts, switch, 256
Control knobs, 255
Conventional current flow, 195
Core memory, 131
Core saturation, 143
Corel Draw, 271
Current, 2
Current measurements, 28
Current, cell, 191
Current-time characteristics, 260
Curve-matched thermistor, 233
Cut-off frequency, 181
Daisy-chain connection, 253
Damp heat, 42
DC, 2
DC component, 14
DC motors, 175
DC voltage, 4
Deep discharge, lead-acid cell, 208
Defects, square waves, 22
Delay-line, 187
Delay line, SAW, 239
Delay time, pulse, 16
Depletion layer, 102
Depolarizer, cell, 196
Derating for temperature, 44
Design Center programs, 274
Diaphragm, loudspeaker, 221
Dielectric, 93
Dielectric strength, 96
Differentiation, 17
Digital resistor meter, 63
Digital voltmeters, 26
DIN 43700, 265
DIN connectors, 247
Diode as active component, 10
Diode suppression, relay, 161
Direction, phase shift, 9
Directionality, microphone, 215
Disposal of cells, 201
Dissipation, 37
Dissipated power, 6
Dissipation factor, capacitor, 96
Dissipation failure, capacitor, 123
Domino plug, 248
Doping, 34
Drawbacks, simple cell, 195
Drivers, 23
Droop, 24
Dry cell, 198
Dry electrolytics, 118
Duty cycle, solenoid, 173
E & I sections, 141
Earphones, 220
EASY-PC, 284
ECP, 251
Eddy-current losses, 133
Efficiency, loudspeaker, 221
Efficiency, transducer, 214
Efficiency, transformer, 142
Electret, 219
Electrical quantities, 3
Electrical rotation, 68
Electro-acoustic transducers, 215
Electrolyte, cell, 190
Electrolytic capacitors, 117
Electromagnetic induction, 125
Electron, 1
Electron speed, 2
Electrostatic loudspeaker, 222
Electrostatic screening, 141
EMF constant, motor, 176
Enclosed coils, 138
Energy content, cell, 193
EPP system, 251
Etched PCB, 263
Eval Center programs, 274
Evaporated coatings, 111
Extending range, meter, 26
F fuse rating, 260
Failure, capacitors, 122
Failure, dry cell, 198
Fall time, 24
Farad, 90
Fast diodes, 85
FF fuse rating, 260
Figure of merit, 30
Filter, 181
Filtering, SAW, 240
Fin, heat dissipating, 60
Firewire, 254
Fixed resistors, 32
Flameproof switches, 258
Flash test, relay, 160
Flash test, transformer, 149
Flux, magnetic, 126
Fuel cell, 192
Fuse, 258
Fuse standards, 259
Hall effect, 224
Hardware, 241
Hash, 167
Heat-sink, diode, 84
Henry unit, 127
Hertz (Hz), 3
High frequency, resistors, 49
High-dissipation resistors, 59
High-pass filter, 186
High-permittivity ceramics, 107
Holding power, relay, 159
Holes, 2
Hot-plugging, 253
Hysteresis losses, 133
Hysteresis, magnetic, 130
IC, 5
IEC 297, 265
IEEE 1284, 251
IEEE 1394, 254
Impedance, 6
Impedance, transducer, 215
Incompatible computers, 267
Inductance calculation, 127
Inductance, wire-wound, 58
Inductive reactance, 132
Inrush rating, 168
Instrument wire-wound resistors, 58
Insulation, 94
Insulation resistance, relay, 160
Integration, 17
Intensity, LED, 229
Internal resistance, 193
Internet access, 268
Interrupt test, fuse, 259
Intolerant circuit, 42
Inverter oscillator, 154
Ion, 1
IP, 269
IP symbols, 213
Iron core, 128
Irradiance, 225
Isolation transformers, 151
Isolation, winding, 143
Ladder networks, filter, 183
Latching relay, 169
Lead-acid cell, 205
Lead-through capacitors, 109
Leakage, 95
Leakage, electrolytic, 118
Leakage inductance, 143
Leakproof cell, 199
Leclanch cell, 196
LED, 229
Lenz’s law, 126
Lever solenoid, 174
Life, relay, 160
Light radiation, 225
Linear circuit analysis, 276
Linear law or taper, 79
Lithium cells, 201
Litz wire, 134
Local action, cell, 195
Location, electrolytics, 124
Log law or taper, 80
Loudspeakers, 220
Low-pass filter, 184
Lux unit, 225
M fuse rating, 260
Magnetic amplifier, 152
Magnetic circuits, 126
Magnetic clutch, 180
Magnetic core materials, 130
Magnetic flux, 126
Magnetic history, 128
Magnetic transducers, 224
Magnetizing current, 148
Magnetomotive force (MMF), 126
Magnetostriction, 223
Mains filter capacitors, 114
Mains plugs, 242
Mains transformers, 146
Make/break times, relay, 165
Manganese alkaline cell, 200
Manufacturing, resistor, 50
Mark-space ratio, 155
Mass-plate cell, 209
Materials, relay contacts, 163
Materials, resistor, 32
Maximum dissipation, 43
M-derived filters, 183
Measurements of resistance, 62
Measuring inductance, 140
Memory backup electrolytics, 120
Mercuric oxide cell, 201
Mercury-wetted contacts, 165
Metal films, 52
Metal oxides, 53
Metal-glaze, 56
Metallized film capacitors, 110
Meter errors, 28
Meter ranges, 26
Meter, moving-coil, 24
Meter, RF damage, 28
Mica capacitors, 103
Microphone, 215
Microphone transformer, 145
Microphone types, 215
Microphone types, 216
Midget potentiometers, 69
Miniature cell, 201
Modems, 268
Motor equations, 178
Moving-coil loudspeaker, 222
Moving-coil microphone, 217
Moving-iron microphone, 216
Multiturn cermets, 74
Multiturn knob, 255
Multiturn wire-wound, 78
Mutual inductance, 128
Mutual induction, 125
Negative, 1
Nickel-cadmium cell, 208
Node, circuit, 280
Noise in resistors, 47
Nominal current, fuse, 259
Normal-blo fuse, 260
Notch filters, 186
NTC, 46
NTC thermistors, 233
Omnidirectional microphone, 215
Operating current, reed relay, 173
Opto-couplers, 230
Oscilloscope resistance, 30
Over-current protection, 235
Overshoot, 23
PA matching transformers, 144
Packaged reed switch, 172
Packaged resistors, 56
Padder, 66
Parallel connection, cells, 192
Parallel-plate capacitor, 89
Parameters, capacitor, 98
Passive component, 5
Passive components, uses, 31
PC computer, 267
PCB layout, 282
Perfect transformer, 142
Period, 15
Peritel connector, 249
Permeability values, 130
Permittivity, 93
Permittivity of free space, 93
Phase shift, 9
Phasor diagram, 8
Phono connector, 247
Photocell, 225
Photocell types, 226
Photodiode, 227
Photoemissive cell, 226
Photoresist, 262
Photoresistive cell, 227
Phototransistor, 228
Photovoltaic cells, 228
Piezoelectric loudspeaker, 222
Piezoelectric materials, 107
Piezoelectric microphone, 218
Piezoelectric strain gauge, 237
Pigtail, 67
Plastic cases, 265
Plastics as dielectrics, 110
Polarization, cell, 196
Polarizing voltage, 117
Polarizing voltage, microphone, 219
Polycarbonate capacitors, 116
Polyester film capacitors, 112
Polypropylene capacitors, 115
Polystyrene capacitors, 115
Positive, 1
Potential (voltage), 3
Potentiometer, 65
Power, 5
Power dissipation, relay, 159
Power factor, 7
Power factor, electrolytic, 123
Preferred values, 39
Pressure unit, 221
PRF, 16
Primary cell, 191
Primary circuit, relay, 158
Primary winding, 141
Printing resistance values, 37
PROBE, 274
Probes, oscilloscope, 30
Proof voltage, transformer, 149
PSPICE, 275
PTC, 46
PTC thermistors, 234
PTFE, 111
Pull-in power, relay, 159
Pull-up resistors, 57
Pulse transformers, 145
Pulse, 13
Ratings, switch, 257
RCA connector, 247
Reactance, 7
Reactance laws, 12
Recharging cells, 199
Rectification, 83
Rectifier-filter circuits, 150
Reed switch, 171
Reference sources, 87
Reforming, NiCd, 210
Regulation, transformer, 148
Relative permeability, 128
Relative permittivity, 93
Relay contacts, 161
Relay types, 167
Relay, 158
Reluctance, 126
Remanance, 131
Remanance relay, 169
Resistance, 6
Resistance (joule) losses, 134
Resistance measurements, meter, 26
Resistance thermometers, 231
Resistivity, 35
Resistor characteristics, 38
Resistor cooling, 44
Resistor tolerance series, 39
Resistor, change of value, 41
Resolution of potentiometer, 66
Restoring torque, 25
Reverse polarity protection, 243
Reverse voltage, diode, 84
Reverse-EMF, relay, 161
Reversible reaction, 191
RF connectors, 244
RF interference, 157
RF transformers, 148
RG numbers, 244
Rheostat, 64
Ribbon loudspeaker, 222
Ribbon microphone, 217
Ringing, 24
Ripple, 17
Ripple rating, 119
Rise time, 23
Rolled construction, capacitors, 110
Rotary solenoid, 174
RTD, 231
Ruben, Sam, 200
Safety-valve, lithium cell, 203
Sag, 24
Saturable reactor, 153
Saturation, core, 143
Saturation current, 139
SAW filter, 238
SCART connector, 249
Schottky diodes, 84
Sealed lead-acid cell, 206
Search engines, 270
Secondary winding, 141
Self-discharge rate, NiCd, 210
Self-heating, electrolytic, 123
Self-inductance, 127
Self-inductance, capacitor, 106
Self-induction, 125
Self-resonance, 7
Selsyn, 178
Semiconductor diode, 10
Sensitivity, meter, 25
Sensitivity, transducer, 214
Series and parallel laws, 12
Series connection, cells, 192
Servo motor, 175
Shelf life, 42
Shelf life, cell, 193
Shunts, 26
Shunt-wound motor, 176
Signal diodes, 85
Signal-matching transformer, 144
Silver oxide cell, 201
Silvered mica, 103
Simple cell, 194
Sine-cosine potentiometer, 82
Sinewave, 13
Single-layer solenoid, 136
Sintered plate cell, 209
Skeleton trimmers, 72
Slide potentiometers, 70
Slo-blo fuse, 261
Slope resistance, Zener, 87
SMA connectors, 245
SmartSketch, 270
SMB connectors, 245
SMT, 263
Soakage, 101
Soft magnetic materials, 131
Soldering change, 42
Solenoids, 173
Solid-electrolyte, 121
Solid-state relay, 170
Sparking in capacitor, 123
Sparking, 95
Specifications, fuse, 261
Speed, electrons, 2
Sputtering, 53
Square wave, 14
Square wave defects, 23
Stability, silvered-mica, 106
Static noise, potentiometer, 72
Stator time constant, motor, 177
Stepping motor, 179
Stop band, 181
Stored energy capacitor, 91
Strain gauge, 236
Stray capacitance, 49
Stroke, solenoid, 173
Superconductors, 36
Suppressors, 187
Surface acoustic wave, 238
Surface mounting, 263
Switched potentiometer, 69
Switches, 256
Switch-mode, 154
Synchro, 178
T fuse rating, 261
Tachogenerator, 175
Tantalum in electrolytics, 117
Tchebychev response, 182
Telephone earphone, 221
Temperature coefficient, 45
Temperature coefficient, capacitor, 100
Temperature coefficient, Zener, 87
Temperature compensation capacitors, 109
Temperature effect, capacitor, 97
Temperature limits, potentiometers, 68
Temperature rise in resistor, 44
Temperature rise, transformer, 148
Temperature, switch, 257
Terminals, 241
Thermal EMF, 58
Thermal noise, 48
Thermal resistance, motor, 177
Thermistor circuits, 233
Thermistors, 232
Thermocouples, 230
Thermostat hysteresis, 233
Thick-film circuits, 6
Thin-film circuits, 6
Thin-film resistors, 52
Threshold voltage, diode, 83
Time constant, thermistor, 234
Tolerance, resistance, 38
Toroidal transformer, 142
Transducer, 214
Transformer equation, 143
Transformer, 141
Transformer kits, 151
Transformer law, 143
Transient current, 89
Transistorized relay, 170
Transzorb, 88
Trimmer, 66
Trimmer capacitor, 122
Trimpot, 66
Trip temperature, 235
Tubular capacitors, 104
TV/video connectors, 243
Twin-T filter, 186
Ultrasonic waves, 223
Undershoot, 24
Uninterruptible power supplies, 207
Units, resistivity, 35
Universal serial bus, 253
USB, 253
Uses, potentiometers, 82
Variable capacitors, 122
Variable resistors, 64
Variac, 152
Varicap diodes, 102
Very low values, 63
Video connectors, 246
Vitreous coated resistors, 59
Volta, Alessandro, 194
Voltage, 3
Voltage, cell, 190
Voltage divider, 61
Voltage effects, resistor, 50
Voltage measurements, 29
Voltage rating, capacitor, 98
Voltage rating, fuse, 259
Voltage remanence, 101
Voltage step, 20
Voltaic pile, 194
Volt-amp rating, 147
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