Index
Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate figures, t indicate tables and np indicate footnote.
A
AC transmission lines
235
Advanced boiling water reactor (ABWR)
369
Advanced gas turbine cycles
78–81
Advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGRs)
364,
365f
Aero-derivative gas turbine
79
Air quality standards
49t
Alabama Electric Cooperative
203
potassium hydroxide used in
137,
138
Archimedes Wave Swing
300
carbon cycle and warming of
18–20
carbon dioxide concentrations and warming of
18t
pressure differences in
224
Augustin Fresnel 1 plant
274
B
Back-pressure steam turbine
119–120
cost of systems using
212
wind power storage systems using
238
costs of power generation from
331–333
direct-firing system power plant
322f
energy conversion methods for
314,
321
fuels calorific value and
319,
320t
global energy capacity from
314
moving grate for combustion of
323f
power plant efficiency using
329
livestock residues as
317
Blade (turbine) cooling
77f
Brine-methane reservoirs
248
Bubbling bed plant
45,
324
Bunded reservoir power plants
188
C
costs of systems using
219
performance characteristics of
218
IGCC plant with capture and storage of
63
post-combustion capture of
58–59
pre-combustion capture of
61f
atmospheric warming concentrations of
18t
environment influenced by
17
flue gas removal of
56–57
fossil fuels releasing
18,
20
from gas turbine power plants
85,
88
from internal combustion engines
109
lifetime emissions of
25t
from power generation
25t
renewable energy and release of
24
Carnot thermodynamic cycle
35–36
Catalytic reduction systems
48–49
Ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC)
76–77
Circulating fluidized bed plant
45,
324
countries' reserves of
33
electricity source importance of
29
oxy-fuel combustion and burning of
59–60
biomass cofiring in
57–58
emission control for
48–50
technological components of
34–36
bottoming cycle used in
81–82
as emissions control strategy
114
power plants adapted to
116
gas turbine engines for
206
underground caverns for
205
of gas turbine engines
76
of spark-ignition engine
99–100
Concentrating solar cell
281
Controlled nuclear reaction
358–359
Copper-indium-gallium-diselenide
280–281
electricity production
22–23
of marine power generation
311
of oxy-fuel combustion
63
power generation's capital
64t
power generation's external
23t
of pumped storage hydropower
202
of solar photovoltaic power
285–286
of tidal barrage power plants
193–194
United Kingdom and United States' WTE
352t
United Kingdom wind power
241t
Cottrell, Frederick
55–56
coal-fired power plants used in
30t
electricity generating capacity of
12
geothermal energy exploited by
244,
245t
power plant costs differing in
65
with tidal barrage power plants
185t
tidal energy potential of
183,
184
wind power repowering in
240
D
Dam and reservoir projects
161,
162f
geological influence on
175
interregional disputes about
177
positive changes from
173
Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision Making 154,
173
Darrieus wind turbines
227
d'Arsonval, Jacques-Arsène
291
Decommissioning plants
377
Department of Energy and Climate (DECC)
241
Diesel engine-based combined cycle plant
105–106
compression ratios of
100
carbon dioxide release by
150
membrane electrolyte of
150
Direct steam geothermal plant
251–253
Direct-drive generators
228,
231
Direct-firing system power plant
322f,
324
Direct-steam energy capture system
268f,
269
Direct-steam technology
267
Distributed generation
7–8,
114
Double-flash technology
253
Dye-sensitized solar cells
281,
282
E
wind power above surface of
226
Economic simplified BWR (ESBWR)
370
of advanced gas turbine cycles
79
biomass power plant's
329
of coal-fired power plants
35,
41–42
of fluidized bed combustion
45
fuel-to-electricity conversion
106
of gas turbine engines
76
mass injection increasing
80
of nickel-cadmium batteries
210
of piston engine-based power plants
105,
110t
of piston engines
99,
118
reheating increasing turbine's
78–79
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
63–64
developing countries generating capacity of
12
fuels conversion efficiency of
106
global generating capacity of
11t
global net generation of
11t
grid-based delivery of
196
production costs of
22–23
rotating engines of ,
3–4
sunlight driving steam turbines for
264–266
Electricity generation industry
material types used in
12
private sector ownership in
10
standardization and growth of
hierarchical structure of
6–7
system operator balancing
Electricity-using devices
Electromagnetic radiation
277
Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)
55
CHP control strategy for
114
coal-fired power plants control of
48–50
EU power plants limits on
50t
gas turbine power plants
85,
88
power generation carbon dioxide
25t
of spark-ignition engines
99
sulfur scrubbers and
48–49
fossil fuel's density of
30t
hydropower's potential of
155
regional urban waste content of
339t
tidal barrage power plants exploiting
181
Energy conversion efficiency
of fossil fuel-burning power plants
117
of gas turbine combined cycle plant
67,
82,
83
of gas turbine engines
71,
120
of oxy-fuel combustion
60
lead-acid batteries used in
209
solar field determining
266
of solar photovoltaic power
284
carbon dioxide influencing
17
evolution of awareness about
16–17
flue gas material and
48–49
hydropower's considerations toward
173–174
power generation considerations of
15,
17–18,
26
SO
2 and NO
x influencing
16
tidal barrage power plants and
192–193
wind power's influence on
237
geological influences and
175
European pressurized water reactor (EPR)
370
from gas turbine engines
75
waste combustion causing
344
External combustion engine
103
F
Financial institutions
26–27
Flash-steam geothermal plant
250–251
carbon dioxide removal from
56–57
of coal-fired power plants
35
environment and materials in
48–49
sorbent injection into
53
treatment residues of
350
waste combustion causing
345
Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD)
53,
53f,
54
boiler circulation in
44f
range of fuels used in
43
sulfur and NO
x from
45,
46
costs of systems using
216
performance characteristics of
216
Fossil fuel-fired power plants ,
117
carbon dioxide released by
18,
20
Fresnel lens thermal power plants
274f
exothermic reactions in
131
electricity conversion efficiency with
106
fluidized bed combustion using
43
gas turbines using varieties of
121
spark-ignition engine using
98
Full conversion generators
232
G
Gas turbine combined cycle plant
67,
82,
82f,
83
compression and temperatures of
76
energy conversion efficiency of
71,
120
fuel varieties used by
121
heat energy lost by
81–82
power generation designs for
73–76
power stations impacted by
power turbine stage in
78–79
principles involved in
72–73
thermodynamic heat engine in
74
Gas turbine modular helium reactor (GT-MHR)
368
emission control for
85,
88
Gas-fired combined cycle plants
77f
in coal-fired power plants
42–43
propeller turbine with
170f
Geographical averaging
239
conversion technologies for
250–251
direct steam power plants and
251–252
district heating from
255
Earth's core temperature and
243
Larderello, Italy exploiting
244
locating resources for
250
of small hydropower plants
171
Global electricity production
11t
Gravity base structure
235
computer and electrical network in
rooftop solar panels connected to
283f
H
overtopping devices and
296,
297
tidal barrage power plant and
186
two-basin projects with
187
Higher energy efficiency
112
Higher heating value (HHV)
99np
High-performance materials
41
High-pressure (HP) turbine
35
High-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR)
365–367,
366f
High-temperature reservoirs
247
High-voltage DC (HVDC) transmission
235
of electricity generating industry
2–3
Hot-gas cleanup technologies
48
Humid-air turbine (HAT) cycle
81
Hybrid solar fossil fuel power plant
266–267
carbon dioxide mixture with
61
carbon monoxide converted to
326
conversion efficiency of
219
deuterium produced from
359
oxygen's reaction with
132,
134
PAFCs using oxygen and
141
performance characteristics of
220–221
environmental assessment of
174–177
environmental considerations in
173–174
geological survey for
158
greenhouse gases from
176
renewable generation in
177
river's hydrological conditions for
157,
158
wind power backup using
238
dams and reservoir projects for
161,
162f
I
Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant
46–48,
327
carbon capture and storage in
63
carbon dioxide removal in
48
Intermediate-pressure (IP) turbine
35
Internal combustion engines
94–98
rotary motion of early
95
International Atomic Energy Agency
374
International Fuel Cells
131
International reactor innovative and secure (IRIS)
370
International terrorism
375
International thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER)
372
Interregional disputes
177
K
L
Large-scale utility energy storage
198–199
Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE)
373
Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE)
22,
24
Life-cycle assessments
24–26
Line-focusing solar thermal power plant
263–264
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
70
Low nitrogen oxide burners
86,
87–88
Low nitrogen oxide pulverized-coal boiler
51f
Lower heating value (LHV)
99np
Low-pressure (LP) turbine
35
M
Magnetohydrodynamic effect
307
cross-flow turbines for
306
cogeneration applications of
123
high operating temperatures of
145
Municipal power plants
115,
116
recycling important in
340N
National Ignition Facility (NIF)
373
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
290
carbon dioxide from
88–89
global consumption of
70t
oxy-fuel combustion burning of
89
recoverable reserves of
69t
Natural gas-based power generation
91
Natural gas-fired combined-cycle power plant
22
Natural gas-fired spark-ignition engine
101–102
New York Transit System
216
Nickel-cadmium batteries
210
Nitrogen oxide (NO
x)
74,
99
coal-fired power plants producing
48
combustion strategies for
51–52
diesel engine's production of
100
emission standards for
86
environment influence by
16
fluidized bed combustion and
45,
46
from gas turbine CHP plant
122
gas turbine engines producing
85–86
piston engines emissions of
107
nuclear fast (breeder) reactors for
367–368
third-generation reactors for
368,
369t
tritium production in
374
controlled nuclear reaction in
358–359
as base-load power station
12
as best-performing technology
25–26
decommissioning plants in
377
generating capacity of
12
power generation from
353
Nuclear power stations
354,
356O
Ocean thermal energy technology (OTEC)
287,
289–294
gravity base structure in
235
Offshore lagoon construction
189
Onshore wind turbines
229
Open-cycle gas turbine
75–76
Oscillating water columns (OWC)
295–296
Otto cycle engine
95,
102
energy conversion efficiency of
60
natural gas burning with
89
hydrogen's reaction with
132,
134
PAFCs using hydrogen and
141
P
Pebble-bed modular reactor (PBMR)
370
hydrogen and oxygen in
141
Piezoelectric devices
301
Piston engine-based power plants
grid operating frequency and
97
part-load conditions and
98
power generation using
93–94
speed and size classifications of
97,
98t
Poly-perfluorocarbon sulfonate
142
Power plants
See also specific power plants
biomass efficiency used in
329
countries with differing costs of
65
energy conversion efficiencies of
117t
EU emission limits of
50t
fresnel lens thermal
274f
line-focusing solar thermal
263–264
natural gas-fired combined-cycle
22
output of conventional
7–8
ultra-supercritical
37–39
electricity networks from
gas turbine engines impact in
steam engine used at first
Power turbine stage
78–79
Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Corporation
130–131
Prefabricated caissons
189
Pressurized bed plant
45–46
Pressurized fluidized bed combustion
46f
Pressurized volumetric air solar tower system
270f
hydrogen and oxygen used in
142–143
Pulverized coal-fired power plants (PC plant)
34f,
36,
36f
variable-speed operation of
201
R
Rechargeable batteries
197
in advanced gas turbine cycles
80
in gas turbine engines
80f
Refuse-derived fuel (RDF)
336,
348
Regeneration process
58–59
carbon dioxide release and
24
distributed generation and
7–8
energy payback ratios of
25–26
Repowering wind farms
240
geological influence of
175
pumped storage plant with
199
Reverse electrodialysis
310
River's hydrological conditions
157,
158
S
reverse electrodialysis in
310
Selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR)
54
Semiconductors, organic
281
Severn Barrage Development Project
189,
194
global installed capacity of
171
electricity generation with
273
energy conversion efficiency of
271,
272
land resources and sites for
261–262
power generation technologies for
262
Stirling engines exploiting
104
Solar molten-salt system
285
with direct-steam energy capture system
268f
direct-steam systems used in
269
Solar trough power plants
285
high operating temperatures of
147
hydrogen and oxygen used in
147–148
zirconia electrolyte in
146,
147
Spark-ignition engines ,
94
Speed and size classifications
97
Stages, of steam turbine
41
Steam turbine-based CHP system
120
high-performance materials in
41
sunlight creating electricity from
264–266
Steam-injected gas turbine (STIG)
80–81
as external combustion engine
103
solar energy exploited with
104
from fluidized bed combustion
46
coal-fired power plants producing
48
environment influenced by
16
sorbent injection in
52–53
wet scrubbing systems for
53
Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
212–214
Survey of Energy Resources (World Energy Council)
313
T
coal-fired power plants components and
34–36
geothermal energy conversion
250–251
pumped storage hydropower layout and
200–201
for solar photovoltaic power
277–278
for solar thermal power generation
274–275
Temperature
See also specific High-temperature entries
of gas turbine engines
76
Thermal breeder reactor
368
Thermodynamic heat engine
74
Third-generation nuclear reactors
368,
369t
bulb turbine used in
190f
construction techniques for
188–189
energy exploitation with
181
environmental considerations when planning
192–193
sluices and shiplocks in
192
countries' potential for
183,
184
Tidal stream turbines
304
Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR)
371–372
small hydropower plants types of
171–172
wind power technology using
226–227
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Verne)
291
U
Ultra-supercritical power plants
37–39
Underwater Electric Kite (UEK)
308
air quality standards of
49t
mercury regulations in
56
Urban mass-burn power plant
343f
V
Variable-speed operation
201
W
collection and recycling of
340
combustion technologies for
341–342
Europe's combustion technology for
341–342
exhaust gases from combustion of
344
flue gases from burning
345
nuclear power's categories of
376–377
power generation technologies for
341–342
urban mass-burn power from
343f
from internal combustion engines
105–106
power generation using
115,
116
piezoelectric devices for
301
energy converters for
296f
shoreline devices using
295
of western shorelines
294
Wet scrubbing systems
53,
55
dedicated substation for
236
atmospheric generation of
224f
battery storage systems of
238
countries' repowering
240
environmental influence of
237
height above Earth's surface influencing
226
hydropower backup for
238
pressure differences causing
224
regional disposition of global
224t
United Kingdom costs of
241t
weather forecasting important in
238–239
drive train and generator of
231–232
grid synchronization required for
231–232
World Coal Association
29
Y
Z