- Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, and Greg Gagne, Operating System Concepts (8th ed.), Wiley Publishing, 2008
- Doug McIlroy, E. N. Pinson, B. A. Tague (8 July 1978). Unix Time-Sharing System: Foreword (PDF), The Bell System Technical Journal, Bell Laboratories. pp. 1902–1903
- The Bell System Technical Journal, Bell Laboratories, M. D. McIlroy, E. N. Pinson, and B. A. Tague. Unix Time-Sharing System Forward. 1978. 57 (6, part 2). p. 1902. and http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/html/ch01s06.
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