Index
Some of the items in this index refer to subject matter, and not to the precise wording, in order to help to guide readers to other relevant pages.
A
Absorbent screens behind consoles, 495, 578
Absorbers, 131
active, 410
effect of angle of incidence, 166
in floor, 367
resonant, 118–20
coefficients, 123, 315–6, 336, 360
effects of thickness and density, 111
frequency dependence, 87
interrelation with reflexion and transmission, 56
loss in dry air, 110
low-to-mid frequency, 459
wavelength dependence, 36, 116–18
AC mains (electrical) supplies, see also Electrical installations, 294–8
Academy characteristic, 628–9
Acoustavoicing, 662
Acoustic disturbance by mixing consoles, 6
Acoustic source, 506, 508, 518, 519
Acoustic waves, velocity and pressure components, 36
Acoustical Manufacturing Company, 437
Acoustics, non-intuitive nature of, 6
Activated carbon, 115
Active room control, 350–1
Acustilastic, 70
Adaptive digital filtering, 350–1
Adiabatic propagation, 115
Advertising, cost of, 437
Aesthetics, importance of, 293
Air:
absorption, 627–8
effects of density, 171–2
non-linearity, 542
pressure relative to altitude, 35, 171
propagation distortion, 542
weight of, 35
split type, 285
Air-conditioned rooms, 287
Alphabet response, 356
Altec, 662
Amplifiers:
for active monitors, 559
as a constant voltage source, 687–8
instantaneous current capability, 539, 557
sonic differences, 553–4
Amplitude phase grating, 244
Amplitude reflexion grating, 126
Anechoic chambers, 18, 19, 86–7, 321, 344, 373–4, 415, 627, 757
free-field responses, 321
Auratone 5C Sound Cube, 379, 447, 528–36
Averages, possible irrelevance of, 463
B-weighting, 22
Balanced and unbalanced audio systems, 720–3, 725–8
Bank and Wright, 579
Banzai Mobile Lda, 657, 663, 681–2
Bass/bass-drum, relative levels, 433, 528, 539
Batchelor, Tony, 28
Beams, bending resistance, 142–3
Belendiuk and Butler, 28
Bell laboratories, 466
Berger, Russell, 390
Bernstein, Leonard, 191
Beyer DT100, 688
Biot, Jean-Baptiste, 21
Bi-directional stereo rooms, 600, 606
Bi-directionality of stereo rooms, 606
Bi-wiring, 560–1
Black art:
perception of acoustics as, 360, 426
Blackwing studios, 201–2, 205, 212
Blancot, 77–9
Blumlein, Alan, 466
Bonello, Oscar J., 138
BOP TV, 477
Brain, human, perception of speech:
Branson, Richard, xviii, xix, 200
Briggs, Gilbert, 363, 407, 511, 542
Brownian motion, 26
C
Cable tubes in floors, 49–51
Cables for interfacing, 550, 553
Cables for loudspeakers, see Loudspeaker cable
Cables for power:
mains feed, 297–8
Cables, length of, 705
Camden partitioning, 732
Cannon experiments, 170–2
Canon wide image stereo, 441
Capacitance in cables, 705
Capacitive interference, 709
Capitol records, 390
Capri Digital, 404
Car parking, 280
Ceiling height:
importance of, 49, 54, 66, 409
Ceiling traps, (panels), 738, 743, 748, 750
Central mono source, 415
Cepstrum analysis, 459, 508–9, 589
Cepstrum, power, 472, 508–9, 522
Cepstrum responses, 524
Chanting of masses, 218
Characteristic sounds:
of guitars, 189
Chess Records, 190
Cinema theatres, 598, 625, 628, 641, 645
Cinemar Films, 622–4
Class ‘A’ amplification, 546, 556, see Amplifiers, Class A
Classical music, 653
recording monitor loudspeakers, 650
Clearmountain, Bob, 528–9
‘Click’ tracks, 695
Close-field monitoring, 378–82, 448–9, 454, 500, 540, 612–13
orientation of loudspeakers, 501
positioning of loudspeakers, 500
Coaxial loudspeakers, 674
Cobalt, 582
Cocktail party effect, 225
Colloms, Martin, 512, 566, 586
Colouration, 106, 134, 158, 244, 370–1, 392, 408, 486–7, 557, 577, 579, 586, 592, 615
Comb filtering, 152, 327, 329, 417–8, 448, 535, 661, 673
Community M4, 588
Complete frequency response, 506, 508
Computer modelling, 192, 216, 311–3, 319, 751
Concredamp, 53
Concrete density, 70
Concert halls, typical acoustics, 217–8
Connectors:
Speakon, 695
stereo jacks, short circuit, 695
XLR connectors, 695–6, 717, 725
Constant voltage distribution, 686–90
Constant voltage source, 686–7, 704
Constrained layers, 58, 169, 256
Control room decay times, 5, 394–5
Control rooms:
directionality of, 399–400
in the days of mono, 363
digitally adaptive, 662
as working environments, 489–90
Controlled reflexion room, 376–7
Converters, A-D, D-A, 454, 551–, 569, 572–3, 613
Cost ratios:
as perceived, 45, 54, 177, 261, 284–5, 651
Cotton-waste felt, 141
Cox, Trevor, 315
Creativity, importance of, 134
Critical distance, 339–41, 344, 380–1, 448, 462
Crossover distortion, see Distortion
Crossovers:
active, 567–9
Butterworth, 570–1
constant impedance, 554, 556, 566
digital, 569–73
Kinoshita, 554
orders of, 569–72
Crown amplifiers, 529
Crown effect, 48
Cycle of a sine wave, 16
Czerwinski, Eugene, 545
D
D’Antonio, Dr Peter, 124, 315, 392
Dacron, 115
Damping, 38, 121–2, 407, 583, 588, 658, 666
Damping factor, 557
Davis, Don and Caroline, 390
Daylight, 277
dBA/dBC scales, 21–3
De-pressurisation of aircraft, 35
definition of, 187
Decay time, 109
Decay times of control rooms, 5, 394–5
Decoupling of structures, 39
Delta function, 422
Densities of materials, 46, 51–2
Dialogue recording rooms, 177–82
Dickinson, Philip J., 317
Dictionary of Acoustics, 187
Diffraction, 126–7
by edges of loudspeaker cabinets, 337–9
Diffuse sources, 547
Diffusers, 123–6, 134–5, 244, 407, 488–9
actively driven, 245
Schroeder, 124–5
by stone walls, 211
Digital equalisation artefacts, 367, 462
Digital reverberators, 199, 203–5
Digitally adaptive control rooms, 662
Dipole radiators, 101, 403, 424, 604, 607, 611, 616
as acoustic sources, 101, 196, 322–5, 330, 334–7, 403
Direct sound:
importance of, 345, 637–44, 661
Directional acoustics of control rooms, 399–400
Directivity index, 340
Directivity response, 464, 506
Discrete Research, 586
Distortion:
absence of, 547
(in) air, see Air
(in) amplifiers, 556
crossover (zero-crossing), 556
Doppler, 580
equivalent quantities, in dB’s and percentages, 508
harmonic, 439, 441, 447, 506, 511–4, 533, 540, 545
intermodulation, 439, 511–4, 540–8
(in) suspension systems, 513
time/phase, dynamic, 547
tweeters (passed into), 559
Distributed mode loudspeakers, 363, 430, 604, 607–8, 617–8
Dobrolyot studios, 234
Dolby, 287, 316–7, 597, 603, 606, 623, 626
Dolby Digital, 437, 565, 608, 618, 628
Dolby noise reduction, 628
Dolby surround, 598
Domes:
damping of, 587
Domestic listening practices, 455, 463, 468–9
Domestic responses of loudspeakers, 343–4, 363
Door handles:
cost of, 293
Doors, glass, sliding, 256–7
Doors, plywood, 272–3
Doppler effect, 580
Double distance rule, 21
Double glazing (acoustic), 257–60
Double leaf partitions, complexity of, 55
Double sloped wall concept, 263–5
Double spring systems, 75–6
Drum rooms, 191
DTS, 608
Dual Concentric loudspeaker, 589, see also Tannoy Dual Concentrics
DVD, 613
E
Ear (the), 25–31
Early decay time, 302–4
Early reflexions, 155, 486–7, 491
Edinburgh Festival Choir, 191
Eigentones, 95
Elastic limits, 77
Elasticity, 112
Electrical installations, 294–9, 699–714
Electricians, misunderstandings with, 711–3
Electromagnetic interference, 626, 700, 707
Electronic room-correction, see also Equalisation, 353–7
Electrostatic loudspeakers, 322, 336–7, 403
step function responses, 522
Ely cathedral, 191–2
EMT reverberation plates, 190
Energy/time curves (ETC’s), 305, 308–9, 390, 740
Equalisation for room correction, 345, 352–7, 635–45, 661, 677–8
limitations of use and effect, 352–3
one-third octave, 347, 365, 381, 623, 636–40, 738
position dependence of, 345–6
signal dependence of, 345–6
traditional use, 364, 367, 387
misapplication of, 353
Equipment racks, see Racks
E-trap, 358
Euphonix CS3000, 663
Excess phase, 347
Experts:
when best to consult, 6, 9, 11, 24, 67–8
F
Fahy, Professor Frank, 55, 750
Fantasia, 598
Fazenda, 371–2
Feedback (Musical), 226
Ferro-fluid, 583
Fibrous absorbers, see Absorbers
Filters:
digitally adaptive, 350–1, 367
state variable, 567
Filters, decay time:
effect on RT plots, 738
time responses, 176
Financial considerations:
bad debts, 2
under-financing, 7
Fletcher-Munson contours, 14, 219
Flindell, Ian et al., 469
domestic types, 137
spot (point) loads, 46
on weak sub-floors, 52
Floating materials:
selection for given uses, 42
Floating of structures, 39–42
Floor dips, see also Floor reflexions, 365–8, 376
steel reinforcement, 10
Flush-mounting of loudspeakers, 91, 346, 392, 394–9, 402, 409, 446, 458, 474, 487, 534, 574, 605, 613
Flutter echoes, 104, 106, 130, 149
Fold-down, 424–5
Foldback, 288–92
via loudspeakers, 291–2, 685–6, 695
Foldback balances, 691
Foldback feed, 690
Foldback mix, 690–1
Foldback system:
balances, 685
connectors, 695–6
constant voltage distribution, 686–90
headphones:
avoiding use of, 685
types of, 694–5
in-studio mixing, 690–3
mixers, 690–3
multiple, 689
as a monitoring environment, 685
stereo or mono, 690
tracking loudspeakers, 685–6
Foley, Jack, 229
Foley rooms, 229–31
Fourier transform, 17, 352, 444
Frequency:
definition of, 16
description of, 15
Frequency modulation, 580
Fresnel, Augustin, 126
Front of house (FOH), 697
Frontal sound stage:
importance of, 600
Fuses in loudspeaker circuitry, 562
G
Galaxy studios, 261
Geddes, Dr Earl, 263
Genelec S30D, 765
Generators, three-phase, 706
Geometrical near-field effects, 674
Gerzon, Michael, 203, 466, 518
Giddings, Philip, 729
Gilford, C. L. S., 138
Glass, laminated, 257
Glassband, Martin, 708
Glossop, Mick, 530
Gravity, 80
Grounds, signal, 727
chassis, 727
Guitars:
characteristic sounds of, 189
H
Haas effect, 135, 353–4, 390, 393, 673
Half-vibrations, 15
Harmonic distortion, see Distortion
Harris, Lara, 371
Hawkins, David, 261
Headphones:
connectors, 695–6
impedance, 688–694
risk to ears, 694
Hearing:
compression, 25
critical bands, 365
directional detection, 29
frequency dependent directivity, 425, 602
doubling and halving of loudness, 13–15, 42
(the) ear, 25–6
ear canal responses –0° and 90°
incidence, 30
ear drum displacement, 26
equal loudness contours, 13–14
horizontal directivity sensitivity, 602
human auditory system, 25–6
integration time, 445
logarithmic nature, 13
pinnae, see Pinna(e)
pitch detection, 26
sensitivity threshold, 14
variability of perception, 27
vertical discrimination, 310
Heaviside function, see Step-function responses
Heeley, Malcolm, 662
Height, importance of need for, see Ceiling height
Heil air-motion transformers, 583, 591–2
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 445
Helmholtz resonators, 663, see also Absorbers
Hemi-anechoic chamber, 392, 460, 773
Heraklith, 181
Hidley Infrasound, 459
Hidley, Tom, xviii, 386, 392, 459, 476–7, 479, 584–5, 661–2
High-frequency roll offs (on monitors), see Response contouring
Hilbert transform, 308
Hinged acoustic panels, 237–8, 241, 243–4
Hirata et al., 393
Holland, Dr Keith, 415, 477, 505, 533, 757, 786
Holophonics, 224
Horn effect, 750
Horns:
compression drivers, 588
constant directivity, 590
general rules for highest:
fidelity in mid-range, 588–9
mid-range horns, 588–90
spheroidal radiation from, 590
tweeters, 584
Humidity control, 286
Hydraulic closing systems, 272–3
Hysteresis, 76
I
IEC, 369–70
Impact noises, 64–6
Impedance, 688, 773 Impulse responses, 305–7
Infinite baffles, 325
Information content, 356–7
Instantaneous current requirements, 539, 557
Interconnect cables, 724
Interfacing cables, 550, 552–3
Interference, harmonic, 287
Interleaved studs, 169
Ishii Mizutoni rooms, 374–5, 392
Isolation:
imprecise measurement of, 61, 318–9
by reflexion, 85
as a specialist subject, 67–8
Isolation shells:
repercussions of, 85, 193–4, 218, 409–10, 735
Isothermal propagation, 115
ISVR (Institute of Sound and Vibration Research), 316, 415, 440–1, 477, 505–6, 533, 579, 671, 731, 737, 757
J
Jackfield/patchbay, 689, 716, 718–22
Jeans, Sir James, 26
Jensen, Wolfgang W., 388–90, 392, 599
Jones, John Paul, 188–9
K
Keele, Don, 590
Kelly, Stanley, 586
Kinetic barriers, 141
Kingsway Hall, 191–2
Kinoshita monitors, 554–5, 566
drive requirements, 566
Kustom Konstructions, 663
L
LA5, 668
Lab (The), 478–9
Lagadec, Dr Roger, 15
Laplace’s correction, 112, 115
Large-room frequency, 213, 215
LFE channels, 609
Light ray models, 314
Light, spectrum width, 18
Lights, 277–9
dimming of, 278
fluorescent, 277–8
tungsten, 278
Lights, low-consumption, 279
Limpness, 38
Listening rooms:
‘golden’ dimensions, 138, 272, 274, 369
Live-End, Dead-End control rooms, 252, 390–2, 394, 400, 437–43, 485–92, 540
Live room, definition of, 187
Liverpool Cathedral (Anglican), 224
Location of studios:
choices, 4
Lockwood/Tannoy monitors, 659
London Symphony Orchestra, 191
Loo roll (toilet paper), 528–9, 532
Louden, M. M., 138
Loudness:
doubling and halving of, 20
Loudspeaker cable, 557, 559–62
coaxial, 562
Loudspeakers:
band-pass enclosures, 433
beaming, 581
cabinets, 573–79, see also Transmission line cabinets
coaxial, (see also Tannoy Dual Concentrics), 674
cone decoupling, 580
cone drivers, 585
cone materials, 583
different types for home and work, 651
dipole, see Dipole radiators
distributed mode, (DML), see Distributed Mode Loudspeakers
dome, 583–8
domestic on-axis responses, 344
flush-mounted, see Flush-mounting of loudspeakers
focus point, 575
horn loaded, see Horns
(as an) information channel, 445
low frequency time responses, 539
magnet systems, see Magnets
on meter bridges, 540
mounting height, 575
(as a) musical instrument, 437
panel vibrations, 574
performance below resonance, 402
reflex enclosures, 353
ring radiators, 586
sealed box responses, 353, 402, 539, 579
spikes for mounting, 575
on stands, 576
suspension stiffness, 573
suspension systems, 513, 546, 580
time responses, see Transient response
voice coil resistance, 581
voice coil temperature, 581
Loudspeakers vis-à-vis microphone techniques, 653
Loud sounds as warnings of danger, 627, 634
Low frequency management, 608–12
Lycra ‘stretch’ fabrics, 158, 666
M
Magnets:
Alcomax, 582
Alnico, 582
BL non-linearity, 547
cobalt, 582
ferrite, 582–3
material costs, 582
rare-earth, 582
Ticonal, 582
Majestic studios, xvii
Manor Mobile, xviii, 657–61, 663, 665, 681–2
Manor studios, xviii, 200, 661
Manger drivers, 592
Marketing:
adverse effects of, 559, 583, 593, 725
Mass control, 329
Mass law, 39
Massenburg, George, 392, 442, 530–1
Materials, characteristic sounds, 194, 198
McKenzie, Angus, 512
Mean free path, 108
Measurement in a reverberation chamber, 414
Memphis Minnie, 188–9
Meyer, 588
Microphone techniques:
Microphones, positioning and directivity considerations, 196, 221, 228, 236, 265, 267–8
Middle/side microphone technique, 456
Mineral wool as a spring, 69
Minimum and non-minimum-phase responses, 346–7, 350–3, 661, 677
acoustic, 678
(in) crossovers, 563
Mirrored room analogy, 87, 89, 108, 331, 336
Misapplication of equalisation, 353
acoustic disturbance by, 6
AMS/Neve 88R, 494
digital, 494
monitor circuitry, 550–2
reflexion from top surface, 495, 497, 679
reflexion suppression, 495
coincident, 138
distribution patterns, 99, 138, 408
energy of, 99
forced, 95
golden proportions for distribution of, 138, 272, 274, 369
oblique, 96
as pathways, 94–5
resonant (effects of), 101, 134, 174, 405
spacing of, 98
standing wave patterns (70Hz), 149–153, 408
structural, 310
tangential, 95–6
Modulation transfer function, 353–7, 371–2
Monitor equalisation, 661–2, 677–8
special circumstances, 678
Monitor loudspeakers:
height of (preferred), 575
mounting of (horizontal or vertical), 501
Monitor systems:
high definition/resolution, 527, 549, 552
subtle differences only heard in good rooms, 655
Mono source (central), 415
Monopole sources, 101, 325, 328, 330, 336
Morimoto and Ando, 29
Motor Museum, 271
Moulton, David, 437
Multi-amplification, 562
Multi-tone testing, 542
Muncy, Neil, 725
Musical instruments, true sound of, 133
Musicians:
capturing a performance, 3
comfort of, 4, 137, 163, 193, 220
loss of motivation, 289–80
unease with environment, 226
Mutual coupling, 328, 337, 418–9, 423–4, 430
N
National Electrical Code (US), 708
Near-field effects, driver separation, 674
Near-fields, 381
New, Anthony, 546
Newman, Tom, 189
Nicholas, David, 528
Nodes, and anti-nodes (velocity), 196
pressure, 196
velocity, 196
Noise:
background levels, 3, 557, 599, 635
modulation related, 542
Noise criteria, 24
Noise rating, 24
Non-environment rooms, 359, 392–3, 398, 400, 453–484, 599, 620, 664, 732
Non-intuitive nature of acoustics, 6
Norris-Eyring equation, 109
NS10M, 380, 448–9, 527–40, 551, 570, 654
O
Ohm, Georg Simon, 445
Oldfield, Mike, xix
Open baffles:
roll off, 578–9
P
Page, Jimmy, 188–9
Pan-pot dilemma, 423–4
Parking of cars, 280
Perception of detail, 410, 462, 621, 625
Perception of speech and noise (not music), 365, 641, 643–5
Percussive to resonant level balances, in rooms, 462, 644–5, see also Bass/bass-drum relative levels, and Reflexion density
Phantom sound stages, 426
Phase deafness, 445
Phase dispersion, 35
Phase, excess, 347
Phase law (of Ohm and Helmholtz), 445
Phase responses, 464
importance of, 445
Phase shifts, 106, 359, 518, 563, 569
Phases:
optimum number of for mains, supplies, 295–6, 701, 705–7
Pin-one problem, 725
Pink Museum, 271
perceptual differences via, 28–9, 32
positional cues, 29
transformations, 28–9
Piston radiator, 341
Pit-traps, 367
Plane-wave tube, 315
Plant, Robert, 188–9
Plywood beams, 142–3
PMC, 586
Polarity, 717
Poly-amplification, 562
Polyurethane foam, 49, 54, 63, 165, 255
traction limits, 58
Power conditioners, 704, 707, 714
Precedence effect, see-Haas Effect
Pressure amplitude response, 506, 509–11, 743–4
smoothing of plots, 322
Pressure gradient sources, 336, 424
Pressure zone, 168, 213, 401–3, 407, 678
equation, 168
frequency, 168
Psychoacoustics, 26
Pumice, 117
Purple, Dave, 190
Pye records, xvii, 659
Q
Q (directivity), 340
Q (quality factor), 121–2, 142, 372, 750
Quad amplifiers, 529
Quad Electrostatic Loudspeaker, 522
Quadratic residue sequences, 154
Quadrophonic(s), 598
pan-pots, 602
Quested loudspeakers, 531, 674, 681
VS115, 680–1
R
Rattles, 511
Radian, 16
Radiation impedance, 420
Radio-compatible mixes, 447, 527
Radio compatibility of mixes, 447
Rayleigh, Lord (Baron), 26, 31, 443
RCA studios, 390
Real-time analysers, 364
Rear wall absorbers, 666–8
Rectangular room shells, 272, 274
Reflectors, acoustic, 221
Reflexion-free zones, 390, 486
Reflexions:
discrete (specular), 123, 155, 213
from mixing console, 495, 577, 679
scattering of, 124
Refraction, 127
Relays in loudspeaker circuitry, 562
Resonance (floors), 65, 68–76, 80–1
Response contouring:
at high frequencies, 510, 539, see also X-curve
Reverberation chambers, 86, 107, 189, 204, 208, 315, 341, 415
measurement in, 414
Reverberation decay process, 108
Reverberation plates, 190
Reverberation time:
equations for calculation of, 109
presentation of, 301
Reverberation times for orchestral recordings, 218
Reverberators:
mechanical, 190
Rigidity, 38
Ring radiator, 586
Ripple tank models, 129, 314–5
Robinson-Dadson contours, 14, 219
Rodgers, Caroline (Puddie), 28, 390
Rolling Stones (The), 188, 190
Rolling Stones mobile studio, 188, 192, 659
Room absorption, (definition), 187
Room constant, 340
Room control, adaptive, 350
Room correction, electronic, 350, 353–8
Room cut-off frequency, 168, 401–2
Room (monitor) equalisation, see also Equalisation, 661–2
Room standardisation, 411
Rooms:
dead, see Dead rooms
drums, see Drum rooms
live, see Live room
preferred dimension ratios, see Rectangular room shells
reflective and reverberant, 194
subjective neutrality of, 176
sufficient size for equipment, 6
Rotating acoustic panels, 237, 239–42
Russell, Scott, 315
Ruskin, John, 724
S
Sabine formula, 109
Sabine, Wallace Clement, 56, 109, 313
SAE TM160A, 765
Satellite loudspeakers, 432
Scaling limitations, 244, 246, 374, 408
Schroeder integration, 738, 742
Schroeder, Professor Manfred, 124, 154, 307, 316, 445
Shaw, E. A. G., 30
Shoebox halls, 218
Shufflers, 466
Signal processing artefacts, 438, 446
Silo studios, 191–2
Sine wave:
amplitude and phase components, 16, 17
perfect, 278
Sintonia studios, 388–9
Small room reflexion density, 405, 407, 627
Soares, Luis, 477
Sofas, 499–500
Sonodec, 282
Sound, 15–16
perception of, 28–9
Sound intensity, 20–1
Sound level meter, 21–2
Sound power, 20
Sound pressure relative to decibels, 20
Sound propagation:
adiabatic, 115
isothermal, 115
Sound pulse modelling, 313–4
Sound spectrum, 18
Southampton University, 373, see also ISVR (Institute of Sound and Vibration Research), 313
Space:
owners wish to, see it all, 141, 408
requirements, 7
Spacial separation, 690
Specialist manufacturing, demise of, 499
Specific heat of air, 115
Speed of sound:
in other materials, 37
overload (effects of bottoming), 70, 77, 79
resonant frequency, 39–40
stiffness, 39
Staff, importance of, 85
Standardisation of rooms, 369–71
patterns, 150
Stationary waves, see Standing waves
Step-function responses, 508, 518, 521–2, 533
electrical signal, 533
of electrostatic loudspeakers, 522–3
perfect, 518
Steradians, 20
Stereo imaging, (affecting), 547, 577
Stereophonic sound reproduction, (concept of), 455
Stradivari, 312
interleaved, (staggered), 169
Studio headphone, 688, see also Beyer DT100
Studio monitor systems:
not for enjoyment, 446
Sub-woofer, 432–5, 608–12, 678–81
dipole, 611
multiple, processed, 611–2
stereo, 434
temporal misalignment, 432
Surround sound, 426, 434, 462, 597–625
channel delay, 618
channel limitations, 618–21
Dolby, 598
mastering for, 612
pan-pots, 602
psychoacoustics, 602–3
ten channels, 603
(for) TV, 599
use of dipole radiators, 429, 607
T
TAD monitors, 564
Tannoy Dual Concentrics, 517–8, 658
Tannoy, factory:
Tape One, 663
Tennis racquet analogy, 411
Teopler, 313
Thomas, Chris, 528
Tiles, used for acoustic variability, 157–8
Time base whistles, 251
Time Delay Spectrometry, 390
Time responses, 444–5, 523, 526, 579, 677
of small rooms, 245
Tio Pete studios, 249, 731, 749
Toilet paper, 528, 532, see also Loo roll
Toole and Olive, 443, 449, 652
Toole, Floyd, 455, 468–9, 471, 611
Total power response, 414, 514, 676
Townhouse studios, xix, 190, 199, 240–1, 396–7, 437, 662
Toyashima, Sam, 237, 393–4, 396, 477, 599
Tracking loudspeakers, 685–6, 695
Transient response, 444–5, 579
Transformers, balancing (audio), 720, 725
Transmission, 37
flanking, 61
Transmission line cabinets, 579, 658
Tuning, 6
Turbulence, 580
Tweeters, horn-loaded, 584
U
Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs), 297
Uzzle, Ted, 312
V
Valve amplifiers, 445, 546, 559
Variable acoustics, tile system, 157–8
Variacs, 278
Velocity component of wave motion, 92
Vented enclosures, 579
duct size considerations, 283
over-pressure, 281
required flowrates, 284
speed control, 283
system noise, 283
water coils, 287
Vertical discrimination, 310
Vibration conduction via ground, 48
Virgin, xviii, 190
Virgin studios, 662
Viruter, 181
Viscous losses, 115
Vocal recordings, see also Dialogue, 163, 267
Voishvillo, Dr Alexander, 540–1, 545
Volume-velocity sources, 329, 336, 580
W
Wally Heider studios, 390
Walter, Alistair, 671, 733, 745
Walthamstow Town Hall, 192
Waterfall plots, 309–10, 523, 533, 735–7
Water pipes – propagation of sound through, 21
Watkinson, J., 586
Watkinson and Salter, 445
Wave number, 17
Waveform distortion, 445
Waveguide
panels, 668–9, 671–2, 733, 735, 745, 750
on loudspeakers, 535
Wavelength, 17
Wedges, fibrous, 18
Weeks, Alex, xx
Window systems, 257–60
laminated glass, 257
Wonder, Stevie, 476
Woodcemair, 180
Woodman, Bill, 586
Workhouse studios, 190
Worm and snake analogy, 103
Wrightson, Jack, 390, 470, 485
X
X-curve, 626, 628–33, 635–6, 639, 644
Y
Yamaha NS10M, see NS10M
Yamaha NS1000, 586
Z
Zuccarelli, Hugo, 224