abortion: capital punishment and, 271; incest and, 269, 276, 436n2; morals and, 13, 234–35, 265, 268–82, 287–88, 311–12, 316, 318, 325, 367, 373, 388–89, 436n2; mother’s health and, 270; as murder, 273–75; opposition to, 268–78; Planned Parenthood and, 273; politics and, 310–11; polls on, 287; prochoice and, 268, 272, 277, 311–12; prolife and, 268–72, 276–77, 310–11; protecting the unborn and, 268–78; rape and, 269–71, 276–77, 436n2; religion and, 268–78; Roe v. Wade and, 276; as sacrifice, 272; safety and, 269–70; sanctity of life and, 274; self–interest and, 278
Abrams, Samuel J., 309
activism: conservatives and, 313, 316, 318; grassroots, 313–18; morals and, 265, 272, 276–78, 282, 285; politics and, 14, 134, 265, 272, 276–78, 282, 285, 292, 313–18; religion and, 252; Tea Party and, 313–14, 317, 441n17, 442n19, 442n20
Addington, Aislinn, xvii
After Heaven: Spirituality in America since the 1950s (Wuthnow), 445n11
Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 423n21
agriculture, xii–xiii, 4–5, 7, 11–12, 256, 266, 272, 363–64, 393n7, 436n9; Agricultural and Applied Economics Association and, 423n21; American Agricultural Economics Association and, 411n52; churches and, 227–28, 230–33, 237, 240–42, 245, 251, 254; civic identity and, 53–59, 62–63, 66, 70, 72, 75, 77–91, 95–98, 344–47, 349, 353, 357, 402n3, 407n32, 408n36, 408n37, 409n44; community spirit and, 115–16, 124–26, 130–35, 138, 415n22; Consumer Price Index categorization and, 165, 423n22; crop reports and, 23; decline in, 80–81, 91, 96, 116, 166–67, 169; Douglass and, 2; drought and, 243; Economic Research Service and, 72, 406n27, 407n32, 408n36; farmers’ salute and, 415n22; farm policy and, 297; farm supply stores and, 17, 53, 363; fertilizer and, 17, 31, 33, 240; frog-pond effect and, 142–44, 147–48, 150–51, 157–60, 163–71, 173, 175, 419n6, 421n15, 422n17, 422n20, 423n21, 423n22, 423n24, 424n27; future planning and, 319, 322–23, 326, 329–34, 337; grain production and, 166; Great Depression and, 23; harvest festivals and, 108, 228, 232; housing developments and, xi; immigrants and, 419n6; income fluctuations in, 166–67; Internet and, 427n14; investments and, 131; irrigation and, 23–24, 62–63, 132, 158; John Deere and, 83, 177; leadership and, 177, 180–81, 183–84, 186, 188–90, 193–97, 200, 202, 211, 214, 297; legacy of, 163–71; low US employment rates in, 165; machinery and, xi, 24, 90, 96, 158, 168, 427n14; management styles and, 165, 421n15, 447n15; market fluctuations and, 252; mortgages and, 24, 42; pesticides and, 31, 33, 300; politics and, 291, 297, 300–302, 307, 310, 440n7; ranchers and, 23, 62–63, 195, 207, 300, 324; research methodology and, 365–70, 377, 380–81, 387–88; rural-urban variable and, 394n11; Russia and, 166; small farms and, 22, 29, 37, 39, 42, 83, 90, 138, 167–68; social networks and, 447n15; socioeconomic status and, 17–18, 21–42, 45, 47–48, 401n22; technology and, 33–34, 353; U.S. Department of Agriculture and, 72, 81, 167, 171, 406n27, 407n32, 408n36, 424n27, 434n27; weather and, 225
Ainsley, George, 38–40, 42, 301
alcohol, 45, 405n20; drunk driving and, 211–12; leadership and, 210–15, 428n22; meth labs and, 210–15; morals and, 287; privacy and, 30; religion and, 232, 246, 253; research methodology and, 373, 383, 389
Alcoholics Anonymous, 30, 213, 232
Alejandro, 127
amenities, 2, 13; civic identity and, 68, 72–73, 81, 406n27, 408n35; community spirit and, 130; decline in, 80–81, 214, 226; frog-pond effect and, 157; leadership and, 196, 210, 214; religion and, 226–27; scale for, 72, 81, 226, 406n27, 408n36; socioeconomic status and, 24, 39; suburbs and, 362 (see also suburbs)
American Agricultural Economics Association, 411n52
American Conservation Film Festival, 109
American dream, 139–41, 148–51, 418n1, 421n10
American Gothic (Wood), 108
American Legion, 45, 53, 125, 363
American National Election Studies, 436n9
Ames, Iowa, 59
Antietam National Battlefield, 109
athletics, xv, 1, 11, 174, 270, 347, 354–55, 362; baseball and, 45, 114; basketball and, 38, 106, 194, 197, 263, 267, 276; civic identity and, 68, 72, 74, 76, 90; coaches and, 38, 90, 106–7, 144, 263, 267, 276, 332; college, 47; community spirit and, 106, 136, 414n11; football and, 50, 106–8, 115, 126, 141, 233, 236; future planning and, 328–29, 338; golf and, xi, 25–31, 39, 44, 199, 226, 301, 400n10; leadership and, 184, 204, 213; softball and, 30–31
banks, xi, 1, 241, 280, 285, 362, 404n15; church members and, 223, 236; civic identity and, 55, 68–69, 78, 86; community spirit and, 121; enforceable trust and, 431n10; food, 223, 253; frog-pond effect and, 144–45, 149, 153, 157; future planning and, 330, 335; leadership and, 177, 180–81, 185, 208, 210; populist movement and, 291; research methodology and, 367; socialism and, 298; socioeconomic status and, 17, 20, 24–26, 28–29, 33–34, 43, 47, 49
basketball, 38, 106, 194, 197, 263, 267, 276
Beale, Calvin L., 18
Becker, Penny Edgell, 233–34, 433n19
beliefs, 6, 342–43; civic identity and, 70, 91; community spirit and, 358; future planning and, 334; morals and, 263, 274, 289; politics and, 295; religion and, 13 (see also religion); validation and, 351–52; values and, 10 (see also values)
Bell, Michael Mayerfeld, 62, 228
Bensman, Joseph, 19
Bible: female pastors and, 234; God’s love and, 237; morals and, 263–64, 266, 281, 283–84, 286; prophecies and, 264; religion and, 218, 223–24, 228, 234, 237, 249–50, 258, 263–64, 266, 281, 283–84, 286, 318; schools and, 249; study of, 223–24, 228; Ten Commandments and, 13, 283–85, 287, 389, 438n15
biblical creation, 13, 283, 286
big cities. See metropolitan areas
binary logistic regression analysis, 430n8, 432n11, 436n2, 436n3, 436n9, 439n5, 441n13, 444n4, 444n5
Blueberry Festival, 108
Blumenthal, Albert, 75–76, 406n29
Bornstein, Helen G., 59, 404n12
Bornstein, Marc H., 59, 404n12
Boundless Faith: The Global Outreach of American Churches (Wuthnow), 432n11
Bourdieu, Pierre, 20–21, 399n6
Bradford, John, 39–40, 147, 181
Bradford, Katherine, 39–40, 147, 181
Brayne, Sarah, xvii
Brooks, David, 332
Brown, David L., 18
Brown, Jocelyn, 182
Brownback, Sam, 273
Brown vs. Board of Education, 88
bubbles, 177
Buber, Martin, 342
bumpkins, 129, 132, 147, 264, 419n6
Burger King, 96
Burgess, Lawrence, 170
Burgess, Margaret, 170
Bush, George Herbert Walker, 292
cancer: blow jobs and, 275, 285; breast, 122, 227; community spirit and, 122–23; Harding and, 70; loss of schools as, 104; lymphoma, 115; Tavers and, 172–73, 175; throat, 275; Willard and, 153
capital punishment, 271
carbon-extraction, 209
caring: care pods and, 233; car ministry and, 230; for children, 152 (see also children); civic identity and, 68–69, 75, 78, 351, 361; community spirit and, 112–13; leadership and, 184–85, 187, 195; morals and, 264; nursing homes and, 1, 29, 41, 43, 62, 118, 158, 173, 185, 187, 203, 227, 241, 250, 261, 306, 350; religion and, 13, 228–34, 238, 260, 264, 432n14; respect and, 350–51; visiting the sick and, 47; volunteers and, 187 (see also volunteers)
car ministry, 230
Carrot Day, 108
Carruthers, Bruce, xvii
Carter, Jimmy, 292
casinos, 35, 196, 198, 208, 253
cell phones, 34, 202–3, 364, 382, 391n2
Chamber of Commerce, 26, 28, 182, 355
charity, 14; anonymity and, 121–22; community spirit and, 114, 117–18, 121–22, 343, 412n5, 416n24; frog-pond effect and, 153; leadership and, 184, 425n4; National Center for Charitable Statistics and, 425n4; religion and, 227–33, 238, 240; reluctance to accept, 121; respect and, 232, 351; social networks and, 343
children, 4, 11–12, 15, 391n2; baseball and, 45; basketball and, 38, 106, 194, 197, 263, 267, 276; blow jobs and, 275, 285; civic identity and, 51, 53–54, 56, 61–62, 65–72, 74, 76–77, 82, 86, 88, 88–91, 94–95, 99, 351–52, 357, 362, 404n16, 405n19; community monitoring of, 65, 67, 212–13; community spirit and, 102, 104–6, 111, 114, 118, 120–22, 125–27, 133–36, 413n9, 413n10; divorce and, 75, 85, 151–52, 155–56, 158, 191, 266, 312, 444n4; drugs and, 210–15 (see also drugs); education and, 1 (see also education); festivals and, 111; football and, 50, 106–8, 115, 126, 141, 233, 236; frog-pond effect and, 140, 143–65, 168, 171–84; future planning and, 319–24, 332–38, 445n9; grandchildren and, 37, 40, 168, 207, 422n18; growing up authentic and, 65–69; leadership and, 177, 185, 190–93, 196, 199, 201, 207, 210–13, 422n17, 422n18, 424n3, 425n5; morals and, 264–72, 275–76, 280, 283–85, 438n15; neighbors and, 350 (see also neighbors); playing and, 1, 62, 64–69, 82, 106, 133, 159, 164, 172, 259, 327, 337, 352–53, 413n10; politics and, 301, 312, 315, 440n8, 440n9; religion and, 218, 223, 228, 233–35, 241–43, 246–47, 249, 251–52, 255–56, 258–59; research methodology and, 368–69; safety and, 53, 76, 159, 269, 405n19; shift work and, 35; siblings and, 29, 91, 140, 148, 151–52, 163, 173–75, 267, 275, 337, 366, 423n21; socioeconomic status and, 17, 28–29, 32, 34–37, 40–41, 44, 46–47, 49
Chisholm Trail, 108
Christmas, 25, 44, 109, 121, 173, 187, 230, 248, 253, 361
Cinco de Mayo, 111
city councils, 123, 178–79, 185, 187, 232, 303, 307
civic identity: agriculture and, 53–59, 62–63, 66, 70, 72, 75, 77–91, 95, 95–98, 402n3, 407n32, 408n36, 408n37, 409n44; amenities and, 68, 72–73, 81, 406n27, 408n35; anger grounded in loss and, 83–86; athletics and, 68, 74, 76; banks and, 55, 68–69, 78, 86; beliefs and, 70, 91; building blocks of, 342–59; burial places and, 51, 53, 62, 194, 234; caring and, 68–69, 75, 78, 351, 361; change and, 78–92; children and, 51, 53–54, 56, 61–62, 65–72, 74, 76–77, 82, 86, 88–91, 94–95, 99, 351–52, 357, 362, 404n16, 405n19; clubs and, 23, 25–28, 32, 36, 46, 48–49, 103, 122, 124–25, 127, 182–86, 190, 246, 267, 329, 355–56, 400n10, 442n1; coffee shops and, 17, 33, 49, 59, 75, 118, 125, 130, 181, 225, 315, 339, 345, 357; college and, 53–54, 57, 69–71, 73–74, 89–90, 342; construction and, 91, 98; continuing community ties and, 336–38; crime and, 61, 64–66, 77, 96, 405n20; cultural issues and, 65, 72–74, 92, 95, 99, 404n15, 406n28, 410n29; deaths and, 70, 96; decline and, 6, 52, 78–84, 86, 89, 91–92, 96, 99–100; diversity and, 77, 92–100; doctors and, 86; drawbacks of living in small town and, 72–78; drugstores and, 4, 99, 125, 155; drug use and, 405n20 (see also drugs); education and, 74, 88, 91, 95; ethnicity and, 77, 92–100; etiquette and, 20, 119–20; familiarity of changeless places and, 53–58; family and, 51, 54, 57, 61–62, 69–72, 78–82, 85, 90–91, 97–99, 401n22, 409n43, 409n44; festivals and, 56 (see also festivals); folklore and, 64, 188–92, 353; frog-pond effect and, 143; future planning and, 331–32, 336, 339; gossip and, 59, 75–76; grocery stores and, 1, 68, 75, 78–79, 82, 86–87, 104, 118, 142, 225, 227, 235, 330, 344; growing up authentic and, 65–69; hardware stores and, 4, 17, 41, 50, 58, 87, 99, 104, 164–65, 181, 188, 246, 338; health issues and, 53, 66, 70, 85, 98, 403n9; housing and, 56, 71, 74, 77–78, 82, 84, 89, 95–96, 98; immigrants and, 93–100, 410n50; Internet and, 73; loyalty and, xv, 11–12, 33, 37, 52, 103, 180–81, 320, 335, 343, 349, 416n24; Main Street and, 57, 74–75, 79, 82, 87, 99; manufacturing and, 75, 81–86, 95–96; marriage and, 54–55, 57, 402n4; memories of past and, 61–65; metropolitan areas and, 1, 52, 55, 57, 59, 61, 68–69, 73, 76, 87, 404n15, 406n28, 408n37, 409n43, 410n50, 411n52; middle class and, 61, 73, 95; morals and, xv–xvi (see also morals); neighbors and, 51–53, 56–58, 60–71, 75–78, 85–86, 89, 96, 98–99; newcomers and, 51–53, 56, 62, 76, 94, 98; newspapers and, 70–71, 99; old-timers and, xii, 60, 100, 103, 107, 111, 126–27, 160, 229, 245, 346, 446n5; opportunities and, 55, 65–67, 73–74, 89, 94, 98; outsiders and, 78, 342, 346, 349, 352, 354; packsackers and, 416n24; parents and, 54, 62, 65, 67, 69–70, 74–75, 86, 98; population decline and, 89, 91–92, 96, 99–100, 104–5, 110, 116 (see also population decline); population growth and, 6, 69, 76, 178, 214, 319, 407n34; post offices and, xi–xii, 17, 36, 53, 58–61, 70, 82, 116, 119, 125, 196, 225, 235, 255, 299, 344, 348; poverty and, 85, 97–98; proximity and, 52–53; psychology and, 57, 59, 404n15; racial issues and, 77, 88–89, 92–100, 411n51; as reference group, 173–75; reminiscing and, 62–65, 98; retirement and, 81, 86; riffraff and, 118, 120, 246, 270, 295, 298, 333, 346, 416n24; safety and, 53, 61, 65, 76–77, 240, 338, 361, 405n19; schools and, 3, 53–54, 61, 64–65, 70, 72, 74, 77, 82, 85–86, 88–89, 91, 94–95, 99–100, 344–53, 362–63; self-sufficiency and, 44, 66, 77, 120–21, 130, 137–38, 173, 175, 208, 308, 333, 335, 350–51, 358, 371, 440n8; sense of belonging and, 346–48; simplicity and, 58, 61, 74, 100, 292, 351; slow pace and, 51, 58–61, 64, 80; small businesses and, 85; social networks and, 3–4, 14–15, 50, 148, 191–92, 278, 316, 343, 345, 356–58, 361, 392n5, 416n28, 447n15; space for family and, 69–72; spongers and, 416n24; staying where raised and, 35–36, 41, 54–55, 126, 146, 159, 161; stereotypes and, 51, 69; suburbs and, 52–57, 61, 65, 68–70, 73–78, 84, 91, 99–100, 341, 343, 352, 356, 361-62, 361-64, 402n3, 403n8, 403n11, 404n15, 406n28, 408n37, 409n44; teachers and, 67, 86, 90–91; technology and, 61, 76; Tönnes on, 52; tourism and, 81; town councils and, 28, 125, 179, 182, 194, 208, 303, 305–7, 310; traffic and, 60–61, 65, 69, 76, 98; travel and, 53–57, 61, 68–69, 79, 91; trust and, 61; values and, 52, 78, 91, 343, 409n43 (see also values); volunteers and, 103, 110–11, 117, 122–23, 127, 412n5; women and, 404n15
Civic Involvement Survey, 112, 402n3, 403n11, 406n28, 408n37, 412n4, 413n7, 418n33, 419n2, 425n5
civic organizations, 25, 122, 127, 184, 186–87
civility, 123–25, 281, 288, 415n21
Clarke, Megan, 31–32, 89, 117, 126, 151, 180, 185, 282, 302, 311
classification of small town, 7–9
Clinton, William J., 292
clubs: American Legion, 45, 53, 125, 363; civic identity and, 23, 25–28, 32, 36, 46, 48–49, 103, 122, 124–25, 127, 182–86, 190, 246, 267, 329, 355–56, 400n10, 442n1; country, 27–28, 47, 246, 400n10; fitness, 125; 4–H, 32, 36, 122, 195, 442n1; fraternal organizations and, 48, 183–84, 401n21; garden, 184; Kiwanis, 26, 49, 127, 186, 355; Knights of Columbus, 186; leadership and, 182–86, 190; Lions, 23, 49, 127, 185–86, 355–56; ministerial alliances and, 218, 229–30, 250, 253; parent-teacher organizations and, 48, 182–83, 186; Rotary, 45, 127, 182, 184, 186, 193; service, 48; socioeconomic status and, 23, 25–28, 32, 36, 46, 48–49; sports, 184; stripper, 127; VFW, 125, 186, 338, 350
coaches, 38, 90, 106–7, 144, 263, 267, 276, 332
coffee shops: civic identity and, 17, 33, 49, 59, 75, 118, 125, 130, 181, 225, 315, 339, 345, 357; community spirit and, 118, 125, 130; future planning and, 339; gossip and, 59, 339, 345; leadership and, 181; next-door neighbors and, 225; pensioners and, 345; politics and, 315; socioeconomic status and, 357
Coleman, James S., 392n5, 416n28
collective efficacy, 112–14, 414n16
college, 11, 366, 428n24; athletics and, 47; civic identity and, 53–54, 57, 69–71, 73–74, 89–90, 342; community, 29, 57, 158, 192, 256, 307, 324, 330, 337; community spirit and, 107, 122, 128–29, 134–35; cultural issues and, 428n24; early marriage and, 325–26; frog-pond effect and, 141–46, 148, 151–65, 168, 172, 419n3; future planning and, 14, 320–39, 442n1, 443n2, 443n3, 444n4; importance of, 320–24; Ivy League and, 91, 140; Kent State shootings and, 161; leadership and, 192–95, 199–201, 207–8, 214; metropolitan areas and, 48; morals and, 266, 285; parents and, 368; politics and, 312; real reasons to attend, 331–33; religion and, 239, 255–56; research methodology and, 366, 368, 374, 378, 384, 430n8, 431n9, 436n2; service class and, 10; socioeconomic status and, 17, 21, 25–33, 35, 38–39, 44, 46–48; university and, 14, 91, 109, 135, 156, 158, 161, 170, 188, 208, 254, 322, 324, 328, 330–31, 341; women and, 1, 157–63
Collins, Randall, 354, 414n14, 447n14
Common Congressional Election Study, 436n2, 436n8, 437n11
community: building blocks of, 342–59; generalizations and, 341; institutional framework and, 343, 348–49; membership criteria and, 342, 346–48; myth of, 86, 188, 309, 343, 352–53, 358, 391n1, 395n13; sense of, 341–59; territory and, 14, 342, 344–46, 348, 355, 358, 446n5. See also civic identity
community spirit, xiii, 12, 359; affinity groups and, 102, 225–26; agriculture and, 115–16, 124–26, 130–35, 138, 415n22; athletics and, xv, 11, 72, 90, 106, 136, 174, 204, 329, 338, 347, 354–55, 362, 414n11; banks and, 121; beliefs and, 358; caring behavior and, 112–18; charity and, 114, 117–18, 121–22, 343, 349, 351, 412n5, 416n24; children and, 102, 104–6, 111, 114, 118, 120–22, 125–27, 133–36, 413n9, 413n10; Civic Involvement Survey and, 112, 402n3, 403n11, 406n28, 408n37, 412n4, 413n7, 418n33, 419n2, 425n5; civility and, 123–25, 281, 288, 415n21; clubs and, 23, 25–28, 32, 36, 46, 48–49, 103, 122, 124–25, 127, 182–86, 190, 246, 267, 329, 355–56, 400n10, 442n1; coffee shops and, 118, 125, 130; collective efficacy and, 112–14, 414n16; college and, 107, 122, 128–29, 134–35; conservatives and, 130; conviviality and, 125, 355, 417n29; cooperation and, 343, 349–51 (see also cooperation); crime and, 130; cultural issues and, 103, 136–38, 412n5, 412n6; death and, 116; decline and, 3–4, 101, 105, 113–16, 136; doctors and, 118, 121; Douglass on, 2; drug use and, 134, 154; education and, 104, 129, 413n8; equality and, 102; escape from built environment and, 132–36; ethnicity and, 108, 111, 126; etiquette and, 20, 119–20; family and, 101, 107, 112, 115, 118–23, 126, 135–37, 358, 362, 415n23; festivals and, xv–xvi, 3, 11, 15, 56, 103, 107–12, 136, 190, 196, 199, 226, 228–29, 232, 335, 339, 341, 343, 353–54, 380–81, 414n12, 414n15; fraternal organizations and, 48, 183–84, 401n21; fund-raisers and, 115, 185; future planning and, 334; Golden Rule and, 115; gossip and, 110, 415n23, 416n28; health issues and, 119, 128, 131, 135; housing and, 109, 114, 121; immigrants and, 111; Internet and, 110, 129–30, 132; knowing everyone and, 4, 101, 163; lawyers and, 122; Main Street and, 104, 133, 138 (see also Main Street); manufacturing and, 115, 120; metropolitan areas and, 101, 112, 117–18, 412n4, 418n33; middle class and, 118; neighbors and, 101–3, 110–38, 343, 411n1, 412n4; newcomers and, 102–3, 107, 111, 117, 119, 126–28, 137, 416n24, 418n36; newspapers and, 106–7, 123, 131; old-timers and, 103, 107, 111, 126–27; opportunities and, 109, 111, 117, 132, 134–35, 138; outsiders and, 78, 106, 126, 131–32; parents and, 106, 125, 134; picnics and, 107, 109, 111, 124–25, 185, 381; psychology and, 129, 417n30; racial issues and, 110, 116; respect and, 106, 124–25, 133; retirement and, 104, 121; ritual and, 414n14, 418n36; safety and, 121, 123; schools and, 103–7, 110, 114–16, 120–22, 125, 128, 130, 136–37, 413n7, 413n8, 413n10; scorn and, 128–32, 137, 291, 417n30; self-sufficiency and, 120–21, 130, 137–38; sending cards and, 119–20; sidewalks and, 103, 107, 119, 125, 136–37; slow pace and, 101, 129, 137; small businesses and, 138; social capital and, 103, 412n6; solidarity and, 6, 102, 113, 136–37; suburbs and, 103, 105, 112, 122–28, 133, 411n1, 413n7, 418n33; teachers and, 106–7, 111, 128; teenagers and, 125; tourism and, 109–10, 129, 133; town meetings and, 104, 124, 188, 197, 208, 299, 316, 339, 355, 413n10; tragedies and, 112–18; travel and, 104, 119, 132, 210; trust and, 112–14, 416n24; values and, xii, xv–xvii, 2, 5–6, 10, 14–15, 101, 111, 113, 123, 126, 130, 132, 137, 334–38, 349–51, 417n30; volunteers and, 23, 26, 39, 45–50, 103, 110–11, 117, 122–23, 127; waving and, 60, 119, 137, 348, 415n22; welcome committees and, 127–28; women and, 107, 111, 122, 127
computers, 23, 34, 154, 159, 189, 201, 203, 364
Connor, Phillip, xvii
conservatives: activism and, 313, 316, 318; community spirit and, 130; future planning and, 335; leadership and, 208; morals and, 6, 263–64, 268, 273, 275, 277–78, 335; politics and, 5–6, 13, 31, 130, 208, 230, 247, 250, 263–64, 268, 273, 275, 277–78, 312–13, 316–18, 335, 357–58, 435n1; religion and, 5, 13, 230, 247, 250; socioeconomic status and, 31
conspicuous consumption, 46
construction, 11; civic identity and, 91, 98; frog-pond effect and, 150, 155, 161, 168; leadership and, 209; religion and, 232, 237; socioeconomic status and, 21–22, 34–35, 37, 45
Consumer Price Index, 165, 423n22
Contemporary American Theater Festival, 109
convenience stores, 36, 125, 133
conviviality, 125, 355, 417n29
cooperation, 14; leadership and, 178, 203–4, 426n13; politics and, 305–8; religion and, 229–31, 233, 250; sharing and, 349–51; values and, 343, 349–51
Corral City, Texas, 18
country clubs, 27–28, 47, 246, 400n10
countryside, 2–3, 133, 186, 393n7
county commissioners, 31–32, 40, 49, 179, 193, 310, 366
county extension agents, 31, 117, 151, 302, 366, 400n12
county seat towns, xii; Cavalier, 169; churches and, 241, 245; Hays, 273; health care access and, 17; leadership and, 199, 214, 428n24; social issues and, 17, 22, 30–31
courthouses, 82, 89, 147, 189, 196, 198, 208, 217, 366
cowboys, 40, 62–64, 147, 196, 292
creation, biblical, 13, 283, 286
creationism, 283–87, 438n17, 438n18
crime, 152, 229; civic identity and, 61, 64–66, 77, 96, 405n20; collective efficacy and, 112–14, 414n16; community spirit and, 130; drug use and, 228 (see also drugs); gangs and, 212, 228, 249, 252; leadership and, 196, 210–15, 428n22; meth labs and, 210–15; murder and, xiii, 191, 240, 273–75; politics and, 299, 306; research methodology and, 373, 383, 389; socioeconomic status and, 39; violence and, 88, 113, 210, 249, 405n21, 431n10
Crystal, North Dakota, 169
cultural issues, xv, 5, 11, 14–15, 341; beliefs and, 351–52 (see also beliefs); burial places and, 51, 53, 62, 194, 234; civic identity and, xvi, 3, 59, 65, 72–74, 92, 95, 99, 404n15, 406n28, 410n29; college and, 428n24; community spirit and, 103, 136–38, 412n5, 412n6, 417n30; cooperation and, 343, 349–51; diversity and, 248–52 (see also diversity); drugs and, 212; envy and, 178, 180, 417n30; etiquette and, 20, 119–20; folklore and, 64, 188–92, 353; frog-pond effect and, 141–42, 157, 159–61, 168, 170; future planning and, 324, 334, 443n1; Great Books program and, 134; leadership and, 13, 181, 188–92, 212, 214, 353; morals and, 264–65, 268, 277–78, 281, 289, 438n15; music and, 355 (see also music); opera and, 72, 109–10; plays and, 104, 157, 338; politics and, 295, 309; religion and, 249, 258–59; scorn and, 128–32, 137, 291, 417n30; socioeconomic status and, 20–21; sophistication and, xii, 68, 76, 418n32; values and, 343 (see also values)
Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America (Fiorina, Abrams and Pope), 309
Dairy Queen, 225
Daisy the Cow Day, 108
Daniel Boone Day, 108
death: burial, 51, 53, 62, 194, 234; capital punishment and, 271; civic identity and, 70, 96; community spirit and, 116; evolution and, 285; funerals, 62, 111, 227, 232, 354; frog-pond effect and, 151; religion and, 227–28, 242, 285
decline: agriculture and, 80–81, 91, 96, 116, 166–67, 169; amenities and, 80–81, 214, 226; anger over, 83, 85–86; civic identity and, 6, 52, 78–84, 86, 89, 91–92, 96, 99–100; community spirit and, 3–4, 101, 105, 113–16, 136; economic, 4, 82, 82–84, 86, 89, 114, 116, 218, 252, 254, 261; frog-pond effect and, 155, 166–67, 169; future planning and, 328, 330; leadership and, 178, 182, 186, 206, 211–12, 214; morals and, 13, 264–69, 274, 276, 292; politics and, 292, 299, 303; population, 11 (see also population decline); religion and, 218, 220, 226, 241, 244–45, 250, 252, 254, 261; research methodology and, 379, 386; schools and, 6, 105; volunteer organizations and, 182, 186
Derstine, Janice, xvii
DeSoto, Leon, 164–65, 274–75, 295
diversity: adapting to, 248–52; civic identity and, 77, 92–100; ethnic, xiii–xiv, 6, 11, 92–100, 248–53, 315, 341, 345, 362, 411n52; festivals and, 341; frog-pond effect and, 149, 160, 170; of interests, xvi, 4; morals and, 284; politics and, 315; racial issues and, 6; regional, xiv; religious, 248–53; research methodology and, 366; socioeconomic, 10, 18–19, 45, 47–48
divorce, 75, 85, 151–52, 155–56, 158, 191, 266, 312, 444n4
doctors: abortion and, 13, 234–35, 265, 268–82, 287–88, 311–12, 316, 318, 325, 367, 373, 388–89, 436n2; civic identity and, 86; community spirit and, 118, 121; frog-pond effect and, 148, 155, 160, 172; future planning and, 319; health care and, xiv, 1, 10, 17, 20, 24–30, 39, 44, 86, 118, 121, 148, 155, 160, 172, 179–80, 182, 188, 193, 199, 205, 228, 231–32, 268, 272, 299, 318–19, 363, 367, 381; leadership and, 179–82, 188, 193, 199, 205; morals and, 268, 272; politics and, 299, 318; research methodology and, 367, 381; socioeconomic status and, 17, 20, 24–30, 39, 44
Dogwood Day, 108
Douglass, H. Paul, 2
drugs, 96, 118; access to, 212; civic identity and, 405n20; community spirit and, 134, 154; cultural issues and, 212; effects on family, 210–11; future planning and, 324; gangs and, 228, 249; health issues and, 96, 118, 134, 154, 210–15, 228, 249–50, 265, 267–68, 287, 295, 324, 348, 367, 373, 383, 389, 405n20, 427n19, 428n23; Hispanics and, 249, 348; leadership and, 209–15, 427n19, 428n23; low self-esteem and, 213; meth labs and, 210–15; morals and, 264–65, 267–68, 287, 367; politics and, 295; rehab and, 153; religion and, 213, 250; research methodology and, 373, 383, 389; schools and, 210, 213; self-esteem and, 213; violence and, 210, 249
Dumler, Emily, xvii
Durkheim, Emile, 6, 354, 394n10
economic issues: American dream and, 139–40, 148–51, 418n1, 421n10; balanced life and, 148–51; conspicuous consumption and, 46; Consumer Price Index and, 165, 423n22; debt and, 24, 29, 292; decline and, 4, 82–84, 86, 89, 114, 116, 218, 252, 254, 261; enterprise zones and, 201, 347; farming’s legacy and, 163–71; federal grants and, 300; festivals and, 110; frog-pond effect and, 141–44, 149–51, 154, 157, 161, 172–74; gender and, 157–63; Great Depression and, 23, 90, 163–64, 168, 352, 369; Great Recession and, 86, 299; housing and, 4, 177 (see also housing); inheritances and, 21, 24, 26, 40, 180, 375; innovation and, 200–10; Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and, 182, 425n4; Internet and, 5, 26; interrupted lives and, 151–57, 171–73; market fluctuations and, 252; marriage and, 246; pensioners and, 11, 21, 37–43, 49, 86, 147, 157, 210, 345, 409n40; poverty and, 6 (see also poverty); religion and, 252–54; restricted range of options and, 142–48; service class and, 10, 21, 28–34, 44, 47, 49; shopping malls and, 1, 77, 125, 181, 196, 210, 227, 256, 361, 363; small businesses and, 29, 41, 85, 138, 142, 164, 200–201, 209–10, 214, 419n3; Social Security and, xiii, 11, 21, 31, 37, 39, 41–43, 153, 172, 210, 297, 440n7; subsidies and, 23, 31, 33, 157, 201–2, 300, 440n8; tourism and, 6, 45, 49, 81, 109–10, 129, 133, 157, 190, 196, 198, 208, 214, 232, 253, 296, 317, 367, 381; US Bureau of Economic Analysis and, 165, 423n22; wageworkers and, 11, 21, 24, 34–37, 44, 46–47, 49, 156, 166; Wall Street and, 84, 292, 419n3; welfare and, 6, 14, 31, 112, 118, 121, 131, 151–52, 193, 229, 246, 293, 298, 333, 439n5, 440n8
Economic Research Service, 72, 406n27, 407n32, 408n36
education, xiv, 1–2, 5–7, 12; athletics and, xv, 11, 38, 72, 90, 106, 136, 174, 194, 197, 204, 263, 267, 276, 329, 338, 347, 354–55, 362; biblical creation and, 13, 283, 286; civic identity and, 74, 88, 91, 95; college and, 11 (see also college); common sense and, 287–89; community spirit and, 104, 129, 413n8; creationists and, 283–84, 286–87, 438n17, 438n18; disadvantage of small town and, 327–31; early marriage and, 324–26; evolution and, 13, 265, 283, 285–87, 312, 315, 373, 389, 437n14, 438n17, 438n18; football and, 50, 106–8, 115, 126, 141, 233, 236; frog-pond effect and, 139, 143–46, 149–50, 158, 161–62, 172, 412n15, 423n21; future planning and, 320–26, 331–37, 442n1, 445n6; intelligent design and, 283, 287, 438n17, 438n18; Internet and, 286; leadership and, 179–80, 183, 186, 193, 201, 213, 215, 425n5; lifelong learning and, 334; metropolitan areas and, 48; morals and, 266, 269–70, 279, 285, 287, 436n3, 436n9; National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and, 104, 413n8, 444n3, 445n6; opportunities for, 1; parent-teacher organizations and, 48, 182–83, 186; politics and, 293, 300–301, 306, 308, 315, 439n5, 441n13; religion and, 224, 236, 238, 430n8, 431n9, 432n11; research methodology and, 367–69, 374; socioeconomic status and, 18, 20–21, 28, 31, 43–44, 48; travel and, 191; university and, 14, 91, 109, 135, 156, 158, 161, 170, 188, 208, 254, 322, 324, 328, 330–31, 341; women and, 157–63. See also schools
Eisenhower, Dwight, 292
elections, xi, 347–48; American National Election Studies and, 436n9; Common Congressional Election Study and, 436n2, 436n8, 437n11; incumbents and, 308; leadership and, 194, 197; local opinions and, 310; morals and, 288, 291; personalized programs and, 303; presidential, 291–92, 311, 317, 441n15; research methodology and, 378, 383–84; social mobilization and, 315–16; socioeconomic status and, 49; winner-take-all and, 309
Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (Durkheim), 354
Eliade, Mircea, 353
Ellis, Kansas, 273
email, 3, 31–32, 40, 73, 104, 107, 199, 238, 357–58, 363, 382, 426n12
emergency 911 services, 1, 203
employment: agriculture and, 5, 11, 24, 26, 31–33 (see also agriculture); American Dream and, 139–41, 148–51, 418n1, 421n10; balanced life and, 148–51; community as reference group and, 173–75; decline and, 116 (see also decline); farming’s legacy and, 163–71; frog-pond effect and, 139–75; gender and, 157–63; immigrants and, 419n6 (see also immigrants); interrupted lives and, 151–57, 171–73; leadership and, 177–78; low-income families and, 37, 50, 95, 117, 155–56, 193, 246, 253, 298, 345, 380, 433n18, 440n8; manufacturing and, xii, 11, 21, 26 (see also manufacturing); mining and, xiii, 25, 37, 61, 79 (see also mining); opportunities and, 12–13, 139–40, 142, 145, 147–48, 150, 155–62, 169–71, 175; restricted range of options and, 142–48; retirees and, 7 (see also retirees); riffraff and, 118, 120, 246, 270, 295, 298, 333, 346, 416n24; service class and, 10, 21, 28–34, 44, 47, 49; spongers and, 416n24; wageworkers and, 11, 21, 24, 34–37, 44, 46–47, 49, 156, 166; welfare and, 6, 14, 31, 112, 118, 121, 131, 151–52, 193, 229, 246, 293, 298, 333, 439n5, 440n8; working hard and, 23, 74, 139, 149, 336
equality, 349, 447n13; community spirit and, 102; inequality and, 4, 412n5, 414n16, 419n6; leadership and, 187, 355–56; religion and, 230; research methodology and, xiv, 366; socioeconomic status and, 18–19, 50, 399n5
ethnicity, 5, 341–42, 362, 447n15; British, 93, 228; Buddhists, 98, 218, 284; Cinco de Mayo and, 111; civic identity and, 77, 92–100; community spirit and, 108, 111, 126; diversity and, xiii–xiv, 6, 11, 92–100, 248–53, 315, 341, 345, 362, 411n52; Dutch, 209; Finnish, 190; French, 93, 164, 209, 274; Germans, 93, 95, 108, 126, 186, 190, 209, 223, 231, 273, 380; heritage days and, 381; Hindus, 218, 284; Hispanics, 92, 95–97, 143, 239, 248–51, 256, 259, 345, 348, 411n51, 442n20; Jews, 5, 217–18, 248, 284, 381, 428n1, 433n16, 435n30; Ku Klux Klan and, 88; language barriers and, 126; leadership and, 183–84, 190, 196, 208, 425n5; morals and, 264, 276, 284; music and, 111, 355; Muslims, 217, 248, 317, 428n1, 435n30; Native Americans, xiii, 110, 190–91, 196, 414n12, 425n6; politics and, 299, 314, 442n18; prejudice and, 100, 336, 339; religion and, 231, 248–49, 254–61, 259, 428n1, 431n9, 431n10; research methodology and, 366, 377, 380; segregation and, 88, 96, 345–47, 446n5; socioeconomic status and, 27, 46; Spanish, 63, 94–95, 131, 190, 201–2, 237, 239, 250–51, 259; Swedish, 108, 190, 231, 380; symbolic inclusion and, 355; transnational communities and, 254–61. See also racial issues
evolution: biblical creation and, 13, 283, 286; creationists and, 283–84, 286–87, 438n17, 438n18; death and, 285; education and, 13, 265, 283, 285–87, 312, 315, 373, 389, 437n14, 438n17, 438n18; intelligent design and, 283, 287, 438n17, 438n18; Internet and, 286; morals and, 283–87; polls on, 287; reasoning against, 285–86; religion and, 13, 265, 283–87, 312, 315, 373, 389, 437n14, 438n17, 438n18; slavery and, 285
Fall Festival, 353
family, xi, xiii, xvi; attachments and, 344, 346, 353; children and, 4 (see also children); civic identity and, 51, 54, 57, 61–62, 69–72, 78–82, 85, 90–91, 97–99, 401n22, 409n43, 409n44; community spirit and, 101, 107, 112, 115, 118–23, 126, 135–37, 358, 362, 415n23; divorce and, 75, 85, 151–52, 155–56, 158, 191, 266, 312, 444n4; drug abuse and, 210–11; extended, 356; frog-pond effect and, 142–53, 157–65, 171, 174–75, 423n21; future planning and, 319, 322–23, 327–28, 337, 442n1; good wives/mothers and, 157–63; grandparents and, 12, 17, 37, 41, 62, 98, 134, 160, 168–71, 191–92, 234, 319–20, 337, 422n18; histories of, 4, 15, 295; leadership and, 177, 187–88, 210–11; low-income families and, 37, 50, 95, 117, 155–56, 193, 246, 253, 298, 345, 380, 433n18, 440n8; loyalty to, 12; meth labs and, 210; morals and, 264–68, 271, 275–76, 280, 286, 437n11; neighbors and, 354 (see also neighbors); obligations of, 2, 70; parents and, 4, 12, 14, 29, 32, 35–36, 39 (see also parents); parent-teacher organizations and, 48, 182–83, 186; politics and, 292–95, 316, 318; religion and, 218, 225, 227–37, 242–48, 252–54, 258; research methodology and, 366–70, 372, 375, 385; ritual and, 355; self-sufficiency and, 44, 66, 77, 120–21, 130, 137–38, 173, 175, 208, 308, 333, 335, 350–51, 358, 371, 440n8; siblings and, 29, 91, 140, 148, 151–52, 163, 173–75, 267, 275, 337, 366, 423n21; single-parent families and, 246, 266; social networks and, 343 (see also social networks); socioeconomic status and, 17–18, 22, 24, 26–30, 35, 38–42, 47, 50; space for, 69–72; staying where raised and, 35–36, 41, 54–55, 126, 146, 159, 161; teenagers and, 26, 90, 125, 152–53, 185, 195, 210–12, 223, 227, 239, 252, 266, 273, 325, 327, 332; values and, 6, 354 (see also values)
farmers. See agriculture
farm supply stores, 17, 53, 363
Farrell, Justin, xvii
Father Knows Best (TV show), 71
Fazio, Gene, 263
Fenster, Tom, 168
Ferguson, Mildred, 61
Ferguson, Sam, 36
festivals: American Conservation Film Festival, 109; bad consequences of, 111–12; Blueberry Festival, 108; Carrot Day, 108; children and, 111; Christmas, 25, 44, 109, 121, 173, 187, 230, 248, 253, 361; Cinco de Mayo, 111; civic identity and, 56; commemorative, 103; community spirit and, xv–xvi, 3, 11, 15, 56, 103, 107–12, 136, 190, 196, 199, 226, 228–29, 232, 335, 339, 341, 343, 353–54, 380–81, 414n12, 414n15; Contemporary American Theater Festival, 109; costumes and, 111; creative reasons for, 108, 110; Daisy the Cow Day, 108; Daniel Boone Day, 108; diversity and, 341; Dogwood Day, 108; Easter, 109, 253; economic issues and, 110; Fall Festival, 353; Frog Leg Day, 108; Fun Day, 108; future planning and, 335, 339; Great Wellsville Balloon Rally, 45; Halloween, 108, 111; harvest, 108, 228, 232; heritage days and, 381; home-coming, xv, 11, 107–8, 199, 226, 264, 353; Hot Dog Day, 108; immigrants and, 108, 111, 341, 380, 414n15; Indian, 110; leadership and, 190, 196, 199, 343; Mardi Gras, 108; May Day, 109; Memorial Day, 62, 197; Mountain Heritage Arts and Crafts Festival, 109; Oktoberfest, 108, 110; Old Home Week, 108; organization of, 110–11; pioneer days and, 111; popularity of, 107–12; religion and, 226, 228–29, 232; research methodology and, 380–81; as ritual, 353–54; rodeos and, 108, 160, 414n12; Salmon Festival, 108; Thanksgiving, 187, 230, 236; Tomato Day, 108; view of reality and, 111; volunteers and, 110–11
Finn, Huck, 65
Fiorina, Morris P., 309
fire protection, xi, 1, 99, 111, 196, 199, 210, 232, 255, 305, 307, 345, 359, 381, 387
fishing, 49, 118, 134, 142, 157, 196, 208, 226, 317, 335, 356
Fiske, Susan, 417n30
football, 50, 106–8, 115, 126, 141, 233, 236
fraternal organizations, 48, 183–84, 401n21
Frog Leg Day, 108
frog-pond effect, 12; agriculture and, 142–44, 147–48, 150–51, 157–60, 163–71, 173, 175, 419n6, 421n15, 422n17, 422n20, 423n22, 423n24; amenities and, 157; American dream and, 139–40, 148–51, 418n1, 421n10; balanced life and, 148–51; banks and, 144–45, 149, 153, 157; charity and, 153; children and, 140, 143–65, 168, 171–84; college and, 141–46, 148, 151–65, 168, 172, 419n3; community as reference group and, 173–75; construction and, 150, 155, 161, 168; cultural issues and, 141–42, 157, 159–61, 168, 170; death and, 151; diversity and, 149, 160, 170; doctors and, 148, 155, 160, 172; economic issues and, 141–44, 149–51, 154, 157, 161, 172–74; education and, 139, 143–46, 149–50, 158, 161–62, 172, 412n15, 423n21; employment and, 139–75; family and, 142–53, 157–65, 171, 174–75, 423n21; farming’s legacy and, 163–71; gender and, 142, 157–63; health issues and, 144–45, 151, 162, 164, 168, 171; horizontal metaphor and, 149; housing and, 144, 151–52, 155–58, 161, 165, 172–74; Internet and, 157; interrupted lives and, 151–57, 171–73; investments and, 419n3; leisure time and, 149; manufacturing and, 143–44, 156–57, 165, 168; marriage and, 146, 152, 154–55, 158, 175, 422n18; metropolitan areas and, 158, 163, 419n2, 419n4, 419n6; middle class and, 151, 156, 161; neighbors and, 146–56, 163–64, 173, 175; newcomers and, 157; newspapers and, 152, 161, 419n3; old-timers and, 160; opportunities and, 139–40, 142, 145, 147–48, 150, 155–62, 169–71, 175, 419n3, 419n6; outsiders and, 160, 170; parents and, 139, 143–58, 161–64, 168–72, 422n17, 422n18; pensioners and, 147, 157; poverty and, 151; psychology and, 145, 148, 150, 161, 174; racial issues and, 143, 155, 422n18; as reference group, 173–75; respect and, 165; restricted range of options and, 142–48; retirees and, 163, 168, 171, 421n15; safety and, 143, 146, 149, 157, 159–60; schools and, 140, 142–52, 155–65, 168, 170–71, 174, 419n3, 421n15; seeing final outcome and, 146–47; self-sufficiency and, 173, 175; simplicity and, 150; slow pace and, 155, 164; small businesses and, 142, 164, 419n3; social networks and, 148; suburbs and, 139–40, 150–51, 160, 419n2, 419n3, 419n4, 421n15; teachers and, 141, 144–45, 147–48, 150, 157–63, 168; teenagers and, 152–53; tourism and, 157; traffic and, 154; travel and, 153, 155, 157, 174; trust and, 175; values and, 140, 149–51, 168, 413; vertical metaphor and, 148–49; volunteers and, 143, 160, 170, 424n2; wage-workers and, 156, 166; women and, 142, 145, 156–63, 175, 419n6, 421n15, 422n16, 422n17
4-H Club, 32, 36, 122, 195, 442n1
Fuguitt, Glenn V., 18
Fun Day, 108
funerals, 62, 111, 227, 232, 354
future planning: agriculture and, 319, 322–23, 326, 329–34, 337; athletics and, 328; banks and, 330, 335; children and, 319–24, 332–38, 445n9; coffee shops and, 339; college and, 14, 320–39, 442n1, 443n2, 443n3, 444n4; conservatives and, 335; construction and, 11 (see also construction); continuing community ties and, 336–38; cultural issues and, 443n1; decline and, 328, 330; disadvantage of small town and, 327–31; doctors and, 319; drug use and, 324; early marriage and, 324–26; education and, 320–26, 331–37, 442n1, 445n6; family and, 319, 322–23, 327–28, 337, 442n1; festivals and, 335, 339; gender and, 325; goals to aim for, 333–34; health issues and, 328; housing and, 329, 335, 344; immigrants and, 331, 336, 339; investments and, 338; leaving opportunities open and, 338–39; manufacturing and, 341; marriage and, 325–26, 337; metropolitan areas and, 319, 321, 325, 327, 329, 443n2, 444n4, 444n5; middle class and, 332; narrow-mindedness and, 154, 326–27; neighbors and, 319, 329, 335–39; newcomers and, 339; opportunities and, 323–29, 332, 335–39; parents and, 319–29, 332–38, 442n1; pitfalls to avoid in, 324–27; poverty and, 329; psychology and, 322; racial issues and, 444n4; retirees and, 338; schools and, 322–39, 443n3, 445n6; self-sufficiency and, 333, 335; slow pace and, 325, 327; suburbs and, 319, 325, 335, 443n3; taxes and, 328; teachers and, 445n6; teenagers and, 325, 327, 332; travel and, 329, 339; values and, 319–20, 324, 334–36, 445n8; women and, 325–26, 335, 444n5
gambling, 35, 196, 198, 208, 253, 367
gardens, 17, 31–32, 39–40, 47, 68, 71, 87, 109, 127, 133, 170, 184, 202, 226, 362–63, 404n15
Gardner, Bruce L., 408n38
gas stations, 33, 36, 59, 102, 127, 133, 181, 231, 349
Gelatt, Julia, xvii
gender, 15, 357, 447n15; economic issues and, 157–63; employment and, 157–63; frog-pond effect and, 142, 157–63; future planning and, 325; good wives/mothers and, 157–63; leadership and, 183, 190, 425n5; morals and, 269, 277, 279, 282, 436n2, 436n9; opportunities and, 157–63; politics and, 192, 308, 312, 439n5, 441n13; religion and, 234, 430n8, 431n9, 432n11; research methodology and, 367; socioeconomic status and, 46
General Social Surveys, 401n20, 402n3, 419n4, 421n15, 426n12, 430n8, 431n9, 433n16, 436n3, 436n9, 437n14, 439n5, 441n13
gentry: alternative labels for, 27; filthy rich and, 180; frog-pond effect and, 157; inheritances and, 21, 24, 26; leisure time and, 25–31, 39, 44; manual labor and, 23; office work and, 23–24; socioeconomic status and, 10, 21–28, 43–44, 47, 49, 157; volunteers and, 23, 26
Global Issues Survey, 432n11, 434n24
global positioning system (GPS), 33–34, 132, 203, 364
Golden Rule, 115
golf, xi, 25–31, 39, 44, 199, 226, 301, 400n10
Good Friday, 236
good old days, xii, 98, 276, 352
gossip, 349, 355, 391n2; civic identity and, 59, 75–76; coffee shops and, 59, 339, 345; community spirit and, 110, 415n23; as constructive, 407n30; impact of, 75–76; leadership and, 185, 190, 192; morals and, 279; peer pressure and, 279; post offices and, 225, 235, 255; pushing back against, 76; research methodology and, 371; scandals and, 30, 75, 194, 292, 353; shopping out of town and, 76; small-town disease and, 75
grandchildren, 37, 40, 168, 207, 422n18
grandparents, 12, 393n6; churches and, 234; civic identity and, 62–64, 90, 95, 98; community spirit and, 134; frog-pond effect and, 160, 164, 168–71, 422n18; future planning and, 319–20, 337; leadership and, 191–92; socioeconomic status and, 17, 22–23, 37, 41
Great Books program, 134
Great Depression, 23, 90, 163–64, 168, 352, 369
Great Wellsville Balloon Rally, 45
Grimshaw, Joseph, 26, 29, 49, 68, 305
grocery stores, 1, 68, 75, 78–79, 82, 86–87, 104, 118, 142, 225, 227, 235, 330, 344
Growing Up Religious: Christians and Jews and Their Journeys of Faith (Wuthnow), 430n7
gullibility, 131
Hamer, Idaho, 18
Hanstad, Britany, xvii
hardware stores, 4, 17, 41, 50, 58, 87, 99, 104, 164–65, 181, 188, 246, 338
Harpers Ferry, 109
harvest festivals, 108
health issues, 391n2; abortion and, 13, 234–35, 265, 268–82, 270, 287–88, 311–12, 316, 318, 325, 367, 373, 388–89, 436n2; ambulances and, 45, 60, 306; blow jobs and, 275, 285; cancer and, 70, 104, 115, 122–23, 153, 172–73, 175, 227, 275, 285; civic identity and, 53, 66, 70, 85, 98, 403n9; community spirit and, 119, 128, 131, 135; doctors and, xiv, 1, 10, 17, 20, 24–30, 39, 44, 86, 118, 121, 148, 155, 160, 172, 179–80, 182, 188, 193, 199, 205, 228, 231–32, 268, 272, 299, 318–19, 363, 367, 381; drug use and, 96, 118, 134, 154, 210–15, 228, 249–50, 265, 267–68, 287, 295, 324, 348, 367, 373, 383, 389, 405n20, 427n19, 428n23; drunk driving and, 211–12; emergency 911 services and, 1, 203; exercise and, 125, 184, 189, 193; frog-pond effect and, 144–45, 151, 162, 164, 168, 171; future planning and, 328; heart attacks and, 1; hospitals and, xii, 1, 22–26, 29, 39, 45, 76, 82, 86, 115, 123, 144, 153, 155–56, 160, 173, 183, 194, 199, 202–3, 227, 233, 252, 255, 258, 300, 345, 350–51, 356, 377, 381–82, 386; leadership and, 194, 199, 202, 210, 215; morals and, 270–73; nursing homes and, 1, 29, 41, 43, 62, 118, 158, 173, 185, 187, 203, 227, 241, 250, 261, 306, 350; politics and, 293–94, 297–300, 317, 439n5, 439n6, 440n9; rehabilitation centers and, 25, 29, 153; religion and, 225, 228, 231–32, 237, 239, 242–43; research methodology and, 367, 381; socioeconomic status and, 21, 24–32, 37, 41–42, 45, 49–50; US Department of Health and Human Services and, 427n19; volunteers and, 1, 45; women and, 199
heart attacks, 1
Helder, Felix, 49–50, 304, 315, 401n22
heritage days, 381
hippies, 161
Holland, Tom, 273
homecoming festivals, xv, 11, 107–8, 199, 226, 264, 353
homosexuality: flaunting of, 280; gay marriage and, 278–82, 287–88; masculinity and, 279–80; morals and, 13, 234–35, 265, 278–83, 287–88, 318, 436n9; polls on, 287; religion and, 13, 234–35, 280–81; US Constitution and, 278–79, 281
Hot Dog Day, 108
housing, xi, 254, 256, 353, 361; bloated markets and, 84; bubble of, 177; cheap, 4, 31–32, 36–37, 40, 74, 89, 95, 98, 144, 152, 156, 165, 206, 210, 229, 246, 274, 319, 351, 409n44, 440n8; civic identity and, 56, 71, 74, 77–78, 82, 84, 89, 95–96, 98; community spirit and, 109, 114, 121; crop land and, xi; foreclosures and, 229; frog-pond effect and, 144, 151–52, 155–58, 156, 161, 165, 172–74; future planning and, 329, 335, 344; immigrant, 239; Jim Crow laws and, 347; leadership and, 177, 197, 201–2, 206, 209–10; low-income, 95, 433n18; mansions and, 47, 50, 77–78; mortgages and, 34, 41, 84; prefabricated, 84; quality of, 48; religious charity and, 239, 251, 433n18; research methodology and, 366, 380; segregation and, 345–47; socioeconomic status and, 17–18, 23–49, 58; substandard, 151; suburban developments and, 151–52, 335, 344, 394n11; taxes and, 229; urban renewal and, 6; valuations of, 409n44; white flight and, 96
Huckabee, Mike, 318
humility, 136
humor, xii, 119, 127–29, 234, 302
hunting, 118, 134, 170, 317, 335
hymns, 217, 222, 228, 234, 247
immigrants, xiii, 274; agriculture and, 419n6; American Dream and, 421n10; civic identity and, 93–100, 410n50; community spirit and, 111; diversity and, 11, 92–100, 248–53, 315, 341, 411n52; ethnicity and, 355 (see also ethnicity); festivals and, 108, 111, 341, 380, 414n15; gossip and, 407n30; hostility toward, 95, 98, 100, 207, 212, 348, 353, 355, 410n50; illegal, 100, 251; job stealing and, 95; leadership and, 190, 202, 207, 212; manufacturing and, 419n6; old-timers and, 100; religion and, 218, 239–40, 242, 248–49, 251–52, 273, 284, 434n24, 434n26. See also racial issues
income. See socioeconomic status
inequality, 4, 412n5, 414n16, 419n6
inheritances, 21, 24, 26, 40, 180, 375
innovation, 10; creativity and, 202; enterprise zones and, 201, 347; existing resources and, 201; industrial, 178; leadership and, 178, 200–10, 214; resistance to, 207–10, 214; small businesses and, 200–201; social, 13, 202
institutional framework, 343, 348–49
intelligent design, 283, 287, 438n17, 438n18
Interaction Ritual Chains (Collins), 354, 414n14
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 182, 425n4
Internet, 352; agriculture and, 427n14; civic identity and, 73; community spirit and, 110, 129–30, 132; economic issues and, 5, 26; education and, 286; email and, 3, 31–32, 40, 73, 104, 107, 199, 238, 357–58, 363, 382, 426n12; evolution and, 286; frog-pond effect and, 157; leadership and, 191, 199–200, 212, 214; politics and, 296, 315; research methodology and, 287, 382; social networks and, 3
investments: agriculture and, 131; federal reinvestment programs and, 201; frog-pond effect and, 419n3; future planning and, 338; leadership and, 201, 210; socioeconomic status and, 21, 25–26, 28, 37
Janssen, Bud, xiii, 22–23, 26, 44, 49, 170
Jefferson, James, 311
Jews, 5, 217–18, 248, 284, 381, 428n1, 433n16, 435n30
Jim Crow laws, 347
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 292, 317
Keller, Suzanne, 14, 341–43, 348, 351, 358, 394n10
Kennedy, John F., 292
Kent State shootings, 161
Kief, North Dakota, 18
Kiwanis Club, 26, 49, 127, 186, 355
Knights of Columbus, 186
Ku Klux Klan, 88
Kundrats, Sylvia, xvii
Kuttawa, Kentucky, 19
lawyers, 10; community spirit and, 122; leadership and, 179–80; morals and, 264; politics and, 439n6; research methodology and, 367; socioeconomic status and, 24, 400n8
leadership: agriculture and, 177, 180–81, 183–84, 186, 188–90, 193–97, 200, 202, 211, 214, 291, 297, 300, 300–302, 307; alcohol and, 210–15, 428n22; amenities and, 196, 210, 214; athletics and, 184, 213; banks and, 177, 180–81, 185, 208, 210; business and, 178, 180–82, 185, 196–97, 199, 201–11, 214; caring and, 184–85, 187, 195; Chamber of Commerce and, 26, 28, 182, 355; charity and, 184, 425n4; children and, 177, 185, 190–93, 196, 199, 201, 207, 210–13, 422n17, 422n18, 424n3, 425n5; city councils and, 123, 178–79, 185, 187, 232, 303, 307; clubs and, 182–86, 190; coffee shops and, 181; college and, 192–95, 199–201, 207–8, 214; community betterment and, 195–200; conservatives and, 208; construction and, 209; cooperation and, 178, 203–4, 426n13; county commissioners and, 31–32, 40, 49, 179, 193, 310, 366; county seat towns and, 199, 214, 428n24; crime and, 196, 210–15, 428n22; cultural issues and, 13, 181, 188–92, 212, 214, 353; decline and, 178, 182, 186, 206, 211–12, 214; doctors and, 179–82, 188, 193, 199, 205; drug use and, 209–15, 427n19, 428n23; education and, 179–80, 183, 186, 193, 201, 213, 215, 425n5; elections and, 194, 197; employment and, 177–78; envy and, 178, 180; equality and, 187, 355–56; ethnicity and, 183–84, 190, 196, 208, 425n5; family and, 177, 187–88, 210–11; festivals and, 190, 196, 199, 343; gender and, 183, 190, 308, 312, 425n5; golf and, 199; gossip and, 185, 190, 192; government and, 178, 180, 182, 186, 190–91, 194–95, 199–200, 207, 215; health issues and, 194, 199, 202, 210, 215; holding office and, 192–95; housing and, 177, 197, 201–2, 206, 209–10; immigrants and, 190, 202, 207, 212; innovation and, 178, 200–10, 214; Internet and, 191, 199–200, 212, 214; investments and, 201, 210; lawyers and, 179–80; loyalty and, 343; Main Street and, 181, 186, 196, 202, 212, 215; manufacturing and, 194, 200–202, 209, 211, 215; mayors and, 7, 25, 178, 181–82, 185, 192–94, 196, 233, 272, 299, 307, 348, 367, 413n10, 439n6; meth labs and, 210–15; metropolitan areas and, 200, 218, 425n5, 427n19; middle class and, 180; neighbors and, 179–82, 185–90, 194, 196, 202–13; newcomers and, 181, 189, 193, 202, 207–8; newspapers and, 188–89, 191, 193–94, 199, 202, 427n15; nominations and, 180, 185; opportunities and, 24, 177, 181, 189, 193, 199, 208, 212–15, 428n25; outsiders and, 189, 198; parents and, 187, 193–95, 212–13; pensioners and, 210; racial issues and, 183–84; research methodology and, 378–84; respect and, 12, 177–89, 199, 213, 305, 308, 343, 355; retirement and, 188–89, 193, 210; safety and, 207; schools and, 31, 125, 137, 177–78, 181–210, 213, 215, 247, 286, 288, 310, 315, 425n7; self-sufficiency and, 208; slow pace and, 193; small businesses and, 200–201, 209–10, 214; social networks and, 191–92; squabbles and, 194; stratification and, 192; suburbs and, 179, 182–84, 424n2, 425n6; taxes and, 178, 186, 194, 196–98, 201–3, 207–9, 211, 214; teachers and, 177, 179, 182–83, 186, 188–89, 213; technology and, 200–10; teenagers and, 185, 195, 210–12; tourism and, 190, 196, 198, 208, 214; town councils and, 28, 125, 179, 182, 194, 208, 303, 305–7, 310; trust and, 177, 181, 214; values and, 177; volunteers and, 178–79, 181, 185, 187, 189–90, 193, 195, 197, 213, 350; women and, 199
least-squares regression models, 404n15, 408n35, 443n3
leisure time, 2, 351; charitable time and, 122; clubs and, 23, 25–28, 32, 36, 46, 48–49, 103, 122, 124–25, 127, 182–86, 190, 246, 267, 329, 355–56, 400n10, 442n1; concerts and, 72–74, 108, 157, 236, 250, 261, 275, 362; fishing and, 118, 134, 142, 157, 196, 208, 226, 317, 335, 356; frog-pond effect and, 149; gardens and, 17, 31–32, 39–40, 47, 68, 71, 87, 109, 127, 133, 170, 184, 202, 226, 362–63, 404n15; golf and, xi, 25–31, 39, 44, 199, 226, 301, 400n10 (see also athletics); music and, 68, 74, 108–9, 125, 151, 160, 172, 184, 198, 213, 223, 226, 229, 248, 328, 355; picnics and, 107, 109, 111, 124–25, 185, 381; socioeconomic status and, 28, 46–47; vacations and, 23, 25, 28, 43, 47, 53, 73, 133, 149, 317
Lewis, Jerry Lee, 172
Lexington, Nebraska, 96
liberals, 31, 264, 282, 312–13, 316–17, 330, 333, 358
libraries, 46, 49, 94, 146, 156–57, 189–90, 193, 196, 366, 381
lifelong learning, 334
Lions Club, 23, 49, 127, 185–86, 355–56
Little Sweden, 108
Loose Connections: Joining Together in America’s Fragmented Communities (Wuthnow), 365, 445n11
Lorenzo, Angela, 203
loyalty: civic identity and, xv, 11–12, 33, 37, 52, 103, 180–81, 320, 335, 343, 349, 416n24; future planning and, 320; leadership and, 343; morals and, 274; religion and, 223, 231
Lundberg, Betty, 323