JavaScript Reference
Appendix E
JavaScript Mini Reference
In this appen dix, you will find a convenient list and descriptions of the core and client-
side JavaScript classes, methods, and properties that are used in this book, and also
some others that are not but may come in hand y while taking the first steps through
the lang uage. However, if you’re loo king for a m ore complete and elaborate refer-
ence, you can find one in David Flanagan’s must-h ave book
JavaScript: The Defin itive
Guide
. Another quite detailed and comprehensive language reference is available on-
line at
developer.mozilla.org/en-U S/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference. If you have the
nerve, you may even want to look at the latest (at the time of writing this book) pub-
lished language specification, ECMAScr ipt 5.1 at
www.ecma-international.org/ecma-
262/5.1
.
E.1 Operator Precedence and Associativity
The following table summarizes JavaScript operators by their precedence and associa-
tivity. Th e operators with higher precedence are listed before the operators with lower
precedence. Operators between two horizontal lines have equal p recedence order.
Operators Associativity
++, – , - (sign) , + (sign), !, typeof right-to-left
*, /, % left-to-rig ht
+, - left-to-rig ht
<, <= , >, >= left-to-rig ht
==, ! =, ===, !== left-to-rig ht
&& left-to-right
|| left-to-right
?: right-to-left
=, *= , /=, %=, +=, -= right-to-left
, left-to-rig ht
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