- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Market Opportunity and Segmentation: The Diverse Role of Studios and Networks
- Introduction
- Market Opportunity and Segmenting the Market
- Defining Studios by Their Distribution Infrastructure
- Joint Ventures
- Studios as Defined by Range of Product
- Windows and Film Ultimates: Life-Cycle Management of Intellectual Property Assets
- Television: Channels Defined by Range and Quantity of Product Plus Reach and Specialization
- Internet and Other Digital Access Points
- 2 Intellectual Property Assets Enabling Distribution: The Business of Creating, Marketing, and Protecting an Idea
- 3 Financing Production: Studios and Networks as Venture Capitalists
- Overview
- Variety of Financing Methods as a Response to Difficulty and Risks in Predicting Success of Experience Goods
- Studio Financing
- Studio Financing of Production Slate; Studio Coproductions
- Independent Financing
- Rent-a-Distributor: When a Producer Rises to Studio-Like Clout
- Television: How and Why Does it Differ?
- The Wrinkles of Coproduction
- 4 Theatrical Distribution
- 5 The Home Video Business
- Compelling Value Proposition
- History and Growth of the Video Business
- Early Roots: Format Wars and Seminal Legal Wrangling
- The Betamax Decision: Universal v. Sony
- The Early Retail Environment: The Rental Video Store
- Transition from Rental to Videos for Purchase: Retail Expands to Accommodate Two Distinct Markets for Video/DVD Consumption
- The Emergence of and Transition to DVDs
- Beyond an Ancillary Market: Emergence of the Made-for-Video Market
- Next-Generation DVDs: Blu-Ray versus HD-DVD—Format War Redux
- Blu-Ray to the Rescue?
- Product Diversification
- Maturation of the DVD Market and Growing Complexity of Retail Marketing
- Peaking of the DVD Curve and Compressed Sales Cycle
- Expansion of Retail Mass-Market Chains: Walmart, Best Buy, Target, etc.
- E-Tailers and Next-Generation Retail
- Netflix and the Growth of Subscription Rental
- Netflix’s Qwikster Debacle
- The Slow, Steady Decline of Netflix’s Physical Disc Rental Business, and its Belief in Streaming Focus Vindicated
- Netflix’s Next Big Challenge: The Cost of Content
- Physical Disc Inventory Management and Impact on Pricing and Profits
- International Variations
- Video Economics and Why Video Revenues are Uniquely Profitable to Studios
- The Future of Video
- 6 Television Distribution
- Free Television (United States)
- Free Television Market Segmentation
- Free Video-on-Demand and Internet Access—What Does Free TV Mean?
- Metrics and Monetization Challenges
- Distribution Patterns and Windows: The Decline of Ratings for Theatrical Feature Films on TV and Evolution of the Market
- Economics and Pattern of Licensing Feature Films for TV Broadcast
- First-Run TV Series
- Syndication Window and Barter
- Online Services Now Changing the Dynamics
- Impact of Elimination of Fin/Syn Rules and Growth of Cable
- Basic Economics of TV Series
- Upfront Markets, Mechanics of Advertising Sales, and Ratings
- Digital Upfronts
- Internet Intersection—Live + What?
- Social Media Driving New Changes
- Pay Television
- Film Licenses and Windows
- Basis for License Fees: Calculation of Runs
- Beyond Multiplexing—Apps and Pay TV On the Go
- Output Deals
- Original Programming Now the Cornerstone of Pay TV
- Aggregators Positioned for the Future
- Flexible Pay TV: Subscription Video-on-Demand
- SVOD Window
- Deal Term Overview (Pay and Free TV)
- International Market
- A New Landscape—Impact of DVRs, VOD, and Hardware
- Free Television (United States)
- 7 Internet Distribution and a New Paradigm: On-Demand and Multi-Screen Access, Cord-Cutting, Online Originals, Cloud Applications, Social Media, and More
- Not Very Old History—The New Millennium’s Wave of Changes in Consuming Video Content
- User Experience Becomes King
- Rationalizing the Burst of Convergence
- Fear Factor I: Panic to Avoid the Fate of the Music Industry
- Fear Factor II: Would On-Demand and Download Markets be Less than Substitutional for Traditional Markets (Pessimistically Discounting the Potential of the Markets Being Addictive)?
- Online Services Becoming “Networks”—the Move for Online Leaders to Compete with their Own Original Content
- Cord-Cutting: Over-the-Top, Apps, and Other Modes of Access
- Internet-Enabled Streaming Services: Amazon, Netflix, Hulu, and Beyond
- Cloud Services and Networks Enabling Everything, Everywhere
- UltraViolet and TV Everywhere
- International Leaders Leveraging Apps and Providing Content Anytime
- Short-Term Renaissance for TV Programming Sales
- Bypassing Everyone: Direct from the Creator
- Personalization and Socialization of TV—Playlists, Recommendation Engines, Social Watching, and Tools for Content Interaction
- Old Guard Tries to Adapt—Studios’ Failed Bids to Offer an Online Service; Brick-and-Mortar Retailers Try to Offer Complementary Online Solutions
- Revenue Models and Economics: Multiple Systems Coexist, Just Like the Offline World
- Resistance to Disruptive Change: Studios Suing Rather than Embracing; Talent Guilds Fearful of Being Cut of Pie
- Not Very Old History—The New Millennium’s Wave of Changes in Consuming Video Content
- 8 Ancillary Revenues: Merchandising, Video Games, Hotels, Pay-Per-View and Transactional VOD Roots, Airlines, and Other Markets
- 9 Marketing
- 10 Making Money: Net Profits, Hollywood Accounting, and the Relative Simplicity of Online Revenue Sharing
- Profit Participation Accounting
- History of Net Profits
- Gross and Net Profits: How are They Defined and Calculated?
- Included and Excluded Revenues
- Certain Costs Always Deducted
- Distribution Fees
- At-the-Source Recognition
- Distribution Costs and Expenses
- Gross Participations, Deferments, and Advances as Cost Items
- Imputed Costs: Production and Advertising Overhead, Interest
- Phantom Revenues: Allocating Taxes and Other Non-Picture-Specific Items
- Net Profits: An Artificial Break-Even Point and Moving Target
- Gross Participations/Profits
- Impact of Categorizing Costs as Production versus Distribution Costs
- Online Accounting: Simple Revenue Sharing and the Net Profits Divide
- Variations of Profit Participation
- References
- Index
-
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