List of Acronyms
| 3GPP | Third-Generation Partnership Project |
| 4G | Fourth Generation |
| 5G | Fifth Generation |
| 6G | Sixth Generation |
| A2G | Air-to-Ground |
| AC | Actor Critic |
| ADMUX | Adaptive Multiplexer for Haptic–Audio–Visual Data Communication |
| ADSL | Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| AirComp | Air Computation |
| ALPHAN | Application Layer Protocol for Haptic Networking |
| AMC | Adaptive Modulation and Coding |
| AP | Access Point |
| AR | Auto Regressive |
| ARMA | Auto Regressive Moving Average |
| ASIC | Application-Specific Integrated Circuit |
| ATM | Automated Teller Machine |
| BBUs | Baseband Units |
| BCI | Brain–Computer Interaction |
| BS | Base Station |
| C-RANs | Cloud Radio Access Networks |
| CA | Carrier Aggregation |
| CDF | Cumulative Distribution Function |
| CDMA | Code Division Multiple Access |
| CFmMIMO | Cell-Free massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output |
| CI | Communication Infrastructure |
| CMOS | Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor |
| CN | Core Network |
| CNN | Convolutional Neural Network |
| CoAP | Constrained Application Protocol |
| CPP | Control Plane Protocol |
| CPS | Cyber-Physical Systems |
| CPU | Central Processing Unit |
| CSI | Channel State Information |
| CSMA-CA | Carrier-Sense-Multiple-Access with Collision Avoidance |
| D2D | Device-to-Device |
| DCF | Distributed Coordination Function |
| DCT | Discrete Cosine Transform |
| DDoS | Distributed Denial of Service |
| DDS | Data Distribution Service |
| DNN | Deep Neural Network |
| DoF | Degree of Freedom |
| DoS | Denial of Service |
| DPCM | Differential Pulse Code Modulation |
| DT | Decision Tree |
| DTLS | Datagram Transport Layer Security |
| E2E | End-to-End delay |
| EC | Edge Computing |
| EH | Energy Harvesting |
| eMBB | Enhanced Mobile Broadband |
| eNodeB | Evolved Node Base |
| ESA | European Space Agency |
| ESS | Energy Self-Sustainability |
| ETP | Efficient Transport Protocol |
| FiWi | Fiber-Wireless |
| FPGA | Field Programmable Gate Array |
| FSM | Finite State Machine |
| Gbps | Gigabit-per-second |
| GEO | Geostationary Earth Orbit |
| GS | Ground Station |
| GSM | Global System for Mobile communications |
| GTP | GPRS Tunneling Protocol |
| H2M | Human-to-Machine |
| HARQ | Hybrid Automatic Repeated Request |
| HART | Human–Agent–Robot Teamwork |
| HEO | High Earth Orbit |
| HoIP | Haptic over IP |
| HPC | High Performance Computing |
| HW | Hardware |
| IAT | Inter-Arrival Time |
| IC | Integrated Circuit |
| ICT | Information and Communication Technologies |
| IDC | International Data Corporation |
| IDE | Integrated Development Environment |
| IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| IoDs | IoT Devices |
| IoE | Internet of Everything |
| IoT | Internet of Things |
| IP | Internet Protocol |
| IPG | Inter-Packet Gap |
| IR | Infrared |
| IRTP | Interactive Real-Time Protocol |
| ISOMAP | ISOmetric MAPping |
| ITP | Interoperable Telesurgical Protocol |
| IVR | Immersive Virtual Reality |
| IW | IndicationWeights |
| JND | Just Noticeable Difference |
| KNN | K-Nearest Neighbors |
| KPI | Key Performance Indicator |
| KPPS | K Packets Per Second |
| LAN | Local Area Network |
| LEO | Low Earth Orbit |
| LNAs | Low Noise Amplifiers |
| LoS | Line of Sight |
| LSTM | Long Short-Term Memory |
| LTE | Long-Term Evolution |
| LTI | Linear Time Invariant |
| M2M | Machine-to-Machine |
| MA | Moving Average |
| MAC | Medium Access Control |
| MBSs | Macro Base Stations |
| MC-IoT | Mission-Critical Internet of Things |
| MDP | Markov Decision Process |
| MEC | Mobile Edge Computing |
| MEMS | Microelectromechanical Systems |
| MEO | Medium Earth Orbit |
| MIMO | Multiple-Input Multiple-Output |
| mMTC | massive Machine-Type Communications |
| mmWave | millimeter-Wave |
| MQTT | Message Queuing Telemetry Transport |
| MRB | Multi-aRmed Bandit |
| MTU | Maximum Transmission Unit |
| NAS | Non-Access Stratum |
| NFV | Network Function Virtualizing |
| NLoS | Non-Line of Sight |
| NOMA | Non-orthogonal Multiple Access |
| NR | New Radio |
| NS2 | Network Simulator-2 |
| NS3 | Network Simulator-3 |
| OFDM | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing |
| OMA | Orthogonal Multiple Access |
| OMA-DM | Open Mobile Alliance Device Management |
| PA | Power Amplifiers |
| PAHCP | Perception-based Adaptive Haptic Communication Protocol |
| PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
| PD | Perceptual Dead-band |
| Probability Density Function | |
| PDU | Protocol Data Units |
| PES | Packetized Elementary Streams |
| PF-PF | Position–Force-Position–Force |
| PGW | Packet Gateway |
| PHY | Physical Layers |
| PID | Proportional–Integral–Derivative |
| QoE | Quality of Experience |
| QoL | Quality of Life |
| QoS | Quality of Service |
| R-RA | Radio Resource Allocation |
| RA | Resource Allocation |
| RAN | Radio Access Network |
| RB | Resource Blocks |
| REST | Representational State Transfer |
| RF | Radio Frequency |
| RFID | Radio Frequency Identification |
| RIS | Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface |
| RL | Reinforcement Learning |
| RMS | Root-Mean-Square |
| RNC | Radio Network Controllers |
| RNN | Recurrent Neural Network |
| RRHs | Remote Radio Heads |
| RTCP | Real-Time Control Protocol |
| RTNP | Real-Time Network Protocol |
| RTP | Real-Time Protocol |
| RTP/I | Real-Time Application Level Protocol for Distributed Interactive Media |
| RTT | Round Trip Time |
| SCADA | Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition |
| SCTP | Synchronous Collaboration Transport Protocol |
| SDN | Software-Defined Networking |
| SDU | Service Data Unit |
| SE | Spectral Efficiency |
| SGW | Service Gateway |
| SINR | Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio |
| SIP | Session Initiation Protocol |
| SLA | Service Level Agreement |
| SMAC | Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud |
| SNR | Signal-to-Noise Ratio |
| SPI | Service Plugin Interface |
| SRC | Semiconductor Research Consortium |
| SSB | Synchronization Signal Block |
| STRON | Supermedia Transport for teleoperations over Overlay Networks |
| SVM | Support Vector Machine |
| SVR | Support Vector Regression |
| SW | Software |
| SWIPT | Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer |
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol |
| TDD | Time Division Duplex |
| THz | Terahertz |
| TI | Tactile Internet |
| TTI | Transmission Time Interval |
| UAV | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol |
| UE | User Equipment |
| UM-MIMO | Ultra-Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output |
| URLLC | Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication |
| USV | Unmanned Surface Vehicle |
| V2X | Vehicle-to-Everything |
| VLC | Visible Light Communication |
| VR/AR | Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality |
| WET | Wireless Energy Transfer |
| WG | Working Group |
| WiFi | Integrated Fiber-Wireless |
| WLAN | Wireless Local Area Network |
| WNR | Wireless Networked Robots |
| WPAN | Wireless Personal Area Network |
| WPT | Wireless Power Transfer |
| WSN | Wireless Sensor Network |
| WTI | Wireless Tactile Internet |
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